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Revolution in France 1789
Essays for History France Revolution 1789
John Locke's view of government
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Ashli Trammell Final Essay #1 The ideas of human rights and liberties have definitely evolved between the year 1500 and present day. The entire world has been affected by the progression and change that has happened throughout the years. Historical prompts like The English Bill of rights, The National Assembly, Declaration of the Rights of Man, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and other primary source documents created the lives we have today. The ideas affected both the political landscape and the individual lives of ordinary people by changing the world’s view on equality and human beings divine right to freedom. The English Bill of Rights, 1689 was meant to create an establishment and order of the people, stated in the beginning of the text, “religion, laws, and liberties so that it might not again be in danger of being subverted”. It was supposed to be the change the people have been looking for in the monarchy. The people wanted a say in their way of living. They wanted to be able to determine the amount of power their new King would uphold and how the King would use it. The Bill of Rights was meant to help declare the rights and liberties of people and the new successor of the crown. One of the declarations was “that it is the right of the subjects to petition the King, and all commitments and prosecutions for …show more content…
petitioning are illegal”(Declaration 5). The Bill of Rights changed the politics of the Lords versus the Commons. The National Assembly was a representation of the French people overruling their oppressors. Like the Bill of Rights, the assembly was a revolutionary event that changed the lives of the estates of the realm. France went through a financial crisis that weakened both their government and people. The people of France were tired of not being adhered to their rights and liberties as human beings. Many of the Revolutionaries believe that it was the “ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man that are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of the government.” (First sentence, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen) The people of France requested removal of their King and demanded there be The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was an expression of which all human beings are entitled to their lives. The document recognizes how important equality is to the people and the political landscape of the world. There has to be a foundation and understanding of both freedom and justice in order for there to be peace in the world. Both men and women rights should be able to progress and change being that it was originally their God given freedom. The Universal Declaration was a huge success for everyone, paving the way for ideas of human liberty and rights. John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government was another influence on the American Revolution.
It changed the origins and structure of the civil society and created an uprising of the people. Locke believed that if God were ever removed from the civility in a society then there would be no reason to exist. The ruling powers of the anarchy were not natural and not in Gods plan. The key element of a successful government was an everlasting process in order to preserve “life, liberty, and property”. History for the past, present, and future must understand that people were all born with the same advantages, that nature is the way of
life. Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract also believed that nature was the basis of society. The Social Contract was more profound than Locke’s beliefs. Rousseau believed all members of society are affected and that they should live by their “natural” rights. The documents helped the revolutions in Europe and enlighten the people of the idea that monarchs aren’t divinely empowered. The people posses their own power and that is their divine right as a free being. John Maynard Keynes: The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1920 attacked the Treaty of Versailles because of its effects on Germany. His book consists of information saying that the Treaty doesn’t provide any economic rehabilitation for Europe. Keynes believed there were bigger issues at hand that the Allies wouldn’t adhere to. After years of revolution and promise at the time Europe was still having problems with their politics and economic future. Keynes thoughts in the book state “Europe is not self-sufficient”. Like The National Assembly Keynes agrees that people oppress themselves. People neglect what is right and live corrupted lives just like their governments.
The bill of Rights restricts, guarantes and establishes. It restricts unauthorised taxing without the Parliments approvial, gaurantees that the people will have rights and liberties and establishes england as a monarchy. Both events are crutial to the devolopment of democray. During the Age of reason European thinkers were confident humans could help make a better world, this was from mid-1600s to late 1700s. Also in this time period theres a time known as the scientific revolution. For example there was a man named Galileo in Italy and he corroborated the findings an astronomer named copernicus found by usings a telescope . another example is of a man named Issac Newton and he descovered the laws of planetary motion, invented calculus and explained gravity. Some of a few enlightnment thinkers are John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke believed in natural law and this is something that is timeless and was here before any king had power. natural law is discovered by using reason for example theft and murder is naturally wrong and people know this and thats why its called natural
The English Bill of Rights is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. This constitution was passed on December 16, 1689.The Bill was passed to declare laws and liberties of the people. Also the people wanted separation of powers and limits the of power to the king and queen. It guarantees the rights of enhancing the democratic election and to get more freedom of speech. No armies should be raised in peacetime, no taxes can be levied, without the authority of parliament. Laws should not be dispensed with, or suspended, without the consent of parliament and no excessive fines should imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. King James the 2nd, had abused his
The Bill of Rights was secondly written to limit the government. Many of these Bill of Rights were created in direct response to British actions during the colonial period. The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution and the Bill of Rights to govern human nature.
WILL AND MAR SESS, 1689. The Bill of Rights 1689 : An Act declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject, and settling the Succession of the Crown. CHAPTER 2 edn. London: The Stationery Office.
The Founding Fathers of the United States relied heavily on many of the principles taught by John Locke. Many of the principles of Locke’s Second Treatise of Government may easily be discovered in the Declaration of Independence with some minor differences in wording and order. Many of the ideas of the proper role of government, as found in the Constitution of the United States, may be discovered in the study of Locke. In order to understand the foundation of the United States, it is vital that one studies Locke. A few ideas from Hume may be found but the real influence was from Locke. Rousseau, on the other hand, had none.
The Bill of Rights was created as a listing of the rights granted to citizens, the Bill of Rights serves to protect the people from a powerful government. These civil rights granted to U.S. Citizens are included in the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Additionally, Locke’s ideas about checks and balances and the division of church and state were later embodied in the U.S. Constitution as well. The Constitution replaced a more weakly organized system of government as outlined under the Articles of Confederation. John Locke was an English philosopher who lived during 1632-1704.
Locke used the arguments that a government is nothing if it is not supported by the power of its citizens. He argued that the citizens of the government were not well represented in the government so it was justified to be overthrown. This is what he thought about the overthrowing of King James of England in 1688. Locke argued that if the people in a country were to dissolve then the government in that country will also dissolve. He saw a country as a big group of people with similar views. He talks about how society decides to act as a whole group. When they split apart is when society becomes different groups and the government then falls. Many colonists were from England and witnessed or knew about the Glorious revolution and felt like they were mistreated the same way the people of England did at that time. Locke’s ideas played a major role in influencing the colonists to realize they were not being treated fairly and they had a right to fight for freedom to create their own
The Bill of Rights was created because the states believed that the federal government would have too much power and they wanted to have more individual rights. Around this time the colonies had just been under the British rule, which oppressed the people and give them very limited freedoms. The states or the colonies were kind of afraid that this would happen all over again within this new government forming in the form of the Constitution. Most of the state at this time believed that the Constitution alone was enough but others felt that they needed more assurances. In the end, the federal government complied with these states and gave them the Bill of Rights.
The American Bill of Rights gives people the right to a jury trial with representation by counsel. The English Bill of Rights forbids punishment with the due process of law. The English Bill of Rights provides the right to petition the king and the freedom of debates and election within parliament. Within the English Bill of Rights, the monarch does not have to pay taxes without word of parliament. The English Bill of Rights also includes that monarch will not interfere with parliament
Locke had many views of the government and the people who were under the government. The commonwealth. He believed that these people, if enough, should be allowed to have majority rule over changes to the government. He expressed he views that the government is literally and morally obligated to serve people of its nation or state. This was to protect out property, life, and most of all our liberty. Locke's presumption was that the legislative function of government would be contained only in a representative assembly, and that it would also be able to retain the supreme power over the commonwealth altogether. Whenever it was assembled, the majority of its members would speak jointly for everyone in that society. In chapter 8 of section 112,
The Bill of Rights was crafted in 1791 by James Madison. It was put in place to protect the rights of all people within the borders of the United States when it is applied by the government. It is a very important document that means a lot in the hearts of Americans.
One of the main reasons why human rights have been put in place is to protect the public life and public space of every individual being. One fundamental characteristic of human rights is that they are equal rights; they are aimed at providing protection to every person in an equal way. These rights have been entrenched through laws that are passed by states and international conventions. Human rights laws have evolved over time, and have been shaped by several factors, including philosophical theories in the past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especially the ideals of moral autonomy and equality as applied to rational human beings. John Stuart Mills’ theory of utilitarianism also forms a solid basis for human rights, especially his belief that utility is the supreme criterion for judging morality, with justice being subordinate to it. The paper looks at how the two philosophers qualify their teachings as the origins of human rights, and comes to the conclusion that the moral philosophy of Kant is better than that of Mills.
On the other hand, though John Locke held a strong influence in the construction of the Constitution, one cannot eschew Thomas Hobbes’ effect on the both of them. Hobbes also purported a State of Nature for Man, although his was one of great hardship, war, and suffering; “where every man [was] Enemy to every man” (Hobbes, pg. 89). Like Locke, his too was a state of perfect equality, not because everyone had equal right to the fruits of the earth, but because they were all equally able to be killed (Hobbes, pg. 87). The life of man without the protection of a civil authority was, according to Leviathan, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” (89). In order to better protect themselves the people, out of fear, submit to an all-powerful authority,
John Locke is one of the most influential Enlightenment thinker, and social contract theorist who aided the development of the Declaration of Independence with his wise words and theory. Locke in his most important and influential book The Two Treatises of Government defends his claim that all men are born free, equal, and with reason. The Two Treatises of Government allows the reader to understand the meaning of equality through Locke’s theory. Throughout the book Locke gives many arguments as to why it is imperial for societies to be equal, and how it is fundamental to humanity. Ultimately, Locke emphasizes the importance of equality mentioning how it allows society to prosper with the protection of government. The premise of the Social Contract Theory is people entering an agreement by creating a government that will aid in preserving natural law. Locke’s social contract provides the organization for how governments must protect citizens and ensure prosperity. The Social Contract
The doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states that every ‘man’ has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Are human rights universal? Whether human rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countries that oppose the idea that human rights are for everybody. This argument shall be investigated in this essay, by: exploring definitions and history on human rights, debating on whether it is universal while providing examples and background information while supporting my hypothesis that human rights should be based on particular cultural values and finally drawing a conclusion.