This essay will introduce the early years of Harold Gillies, when and where he was born, educational achievements and scholarships and how World War One played a major role in him inventing facial plastic surgery. It will also explain the influence it has on today’s society, then finally the legacy he left behind. This paper will discuss how Harold Gillies invented facial plastic surgery.
Harold Gillies was born on the seventeenth of June 1882 in Dunedin New Zealand, being the youngest of eight children born to Robert and Emily Gillies. Harold’s younger years were spent on the family farm which he enjoyed. At the age of eight he was sent to Lindley Lodge, a private school near Rugby in England. Gillies returned to New Zealand four years later, where he attended Wanganui Collegiate in 1895 until 1900. He excelled academically and in sports. Harold was a prefect and captain of the first 11 cricket team. He played one match against Australia in 1900, that same year he was awarded best player in the nation. In 1901 Harold departed for London, to study medicine at Cambridge University. Gillies also happened to be a skilled artist, a talent which came about in his childhood and reached his highest point with his art being show cased in a London art exhibition in 1948. He was considering pursuing a career in ear and throat surgery and trained at St
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Not only academically and in sports but also he happened to be a skilled painter. After qualifying for surgery in 1910 and being awarded the scholarship, this will eventually lead to his life-changing moment. Harold has been a huge influence on today’s society, as many people are getting some sort of plastic surgery to enhance their body. Harold left a lasting legacy as he was awarded a knighthood in 1930. Like Gillies said ‘within us there is a huge urge to change something ugly and useless into something more attractive’
Born on December 5th, 1875 in Napperton, Ontario, Arthur William Currie found his place in the world. Having been the third of seven children, Currie found his family to be very supportive of each other (Dancocks, 1985). At the age of 15, Currie’s father died of a stroke, leaving the family in financial problems. University was not the path to go down at this point for Currie, in hopes of becoming a lawyer. Instead, he took a teaching course (Harris, 1988).
The first recorded surgical procedures according to Doctor Haiken were in India, and they consisted of reparations to the nose and ears, usually because the person had been injured in battle or as punishments for crimes (1997). Such procedures though were not openly talked about and were kept secret for centuries by the Indian society (1997). Indians weren’t the only ones to take to such practices; Romans also became proficient in advanced plastic surgery procedures. To the Romans it wasn’t so much about to trying to make reparations to past wounds, but rather assure a person’s beauty by removing any imperfections. As a matter of fact the most popular surgery was circumcision removal to both females and males (Random
The Hunger Games was a critically acclaimed movie when it came out; however, some critics would argue that the movie can be sometimes too violent for its intended audience. In this essay I would dissert Brian Bethune’s essay “Dystopia Now” in order to find its weaknesses and compare the movie Battle Royale with his essay.
In today society, beauty in a woman seems to be the measured of her size, or the structure of her nose and lips. Plastic surgery has become a popular procedure for people, mostly for women, to fit in social class, race, or beauty. Most women are insecure about their body or face, wondering if they are perfect enough for the society to call the beautiful; this is when cosmetic surgery comes in. To fix what “needed” to be fixed. To begin with, there is no point in cutting your face or your body to add or remove something most people call ugly. “The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery” explored the desire of human to become beyond perfection by the undergoing plastic surgery. The author, Camille Pagalia, took a look how now days how Americans are so obsessed
"AAFPRS - History." Facial Plastic Surgery & Reconstructive Surgery Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2010. http://www.aafprs.org/patient/about_us/h_war.html.
As early as 600 Before Christ (BC) was the beginning when a Hindu surgeon experimented on reconstructing a nose using a piece of cheek. By 1000 Anno Domini (AD), Rhinoplasty was quite familiar because of their barbaric custom of cutting off the noses and upper lips of one’s enemy which sign their victorious towards enemies. In the 16th century, “The father of plastic surgery”, Gaspare Tagliacozzi had reconstructed the slashed noses by transferring flaps of upper arm skin. The purpose of taking out the arm skin is to reconstruct the saddle nose deformity of syphilis. The term plastic surgery comes from the Greek word “plastikos” (fit for molding) which had been popularized by Pierre Desault in 1978 as a label to repair deformities. The developments in anesthesia and antisepsis had made the plastic surgery procedure become less risky. Plastic surgery surgeons had applied their technique to the victims of birth defects and for people who involved in industrial accidents. “Batter Baby Contests” organized in America had helped to usher the plastic surgery industry.
Beside teenagers, plastic surgery is bad for some people with psychological problems. For instance, the women who receive first face transplant had the problem psychology. Some medical specialists had more moderate view like Arthur Caplan, Ph.D. the chairman of the department of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, says that he is not against face transplants. He thinks that people with things like the oral cancer, burns absolutely are a good candidate, but also he thinks that experimental treatments are ...
Cosmetic surgery not only has its positive outcomes but also has a negative side to it. In the novel, Cosmetic Surgery by Norman Waterhouse, he clarifies that "cosmetic surgery has now become a part of modern culture...
McNeill,, D. (2000). The Face: A Natural History (p. 119). New York City: Back Bay Book.
Society did not always have the option to surgically correct their flaws. We once lived in a world where living in our own skin and accept the cards we were dealt was the only option.. According to "The History and Evolution of Plastic Surgery" by A.B. Wallace, “ Some of the oldest records of plastic operations com e from India in which, constructed noses from the skin of the face or forehead for thieves who had been punished by loss of their nose”(Wallace 2013). During those times, plastic surgery was taboo and not in popular demand. Today there has been vast shift in the direction of how the public views cosmetic procedures. When an individual is seen as beautiful, they are thought to gain sense recognition from peers, social acceptance, and an increase in their self-esteem (Berscheid and Gangstead, 1982). The first signs of the public’s shift in perceptive of plastic surgery, was first seen in the early 1960’s ,when Barbara Streisand received attention for her nose and was questioned as to why she would not get it fixed. In the early 1920’s, Fanny Brice had undergone nose reconstructive surgery in order to gain publicity. During this time, the public was confused and outrage at her desperate attempt to gain attention, this would showcase the clear non-acceptance of plastic surgery (Haiken, 1997). Once the idea of plastic surgery began to gain acceptance from the public, the industry of
Cosmetic surgery, also known as Aesthetic plastic surgery, consists of common procedures such as breast implants and liposuction, to more exotic procedures such as buttock lifts and cheek implants. Some other cosmetic surgery procedures often performed may include Rhinoplasty (nose job), reconstruction of the mouth or chin, and the removal of wrinkles or blemishes. Now, plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are two different things; plastic surgery is performed for medical purposes while cosmetic surgery is strictly to correct a perceived flaw in one’s physical appearance. This procedure has become a large part of a teenagers attempt to achieve the ideal beauty being portrayed in today’s media all over the world. In 2008, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Surgery, nearly 48,000 participants in cosmetic surgery were of the age 18 or under. That total includes only invasive procedures, during which surgeons cut into a patient's tissue. It does not include nonsurgical cosmetic procedures such as Botox injections or laser hair removal. The total number of operations spiked in 2003, having 66,142 surgeries performed on those aged 18 and younger, and then fell in 2006 to 40,464 surgeries. Overall, 50,066 cosmet...
Nowadays, doctors perform surgeries at a number of free-standing surgical centers instead of performing at hospitals. The best part is that these centers offer friendlier and welcoming settings for the patients to undergo the cosmetic treatment of their choice. If you are interested to learn more about the history of cosmetic treatments in humans, here is a brief overview.
With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and more have been addressed time and time again, but still people have chosen to undergo surgery. It can be argued that plastic surgery is beneficial and has greatly improved today’s society, given new life to those in peril, shed light on whole new world filled with wonder and possibilities. Or has it distorted our idea of perfection, tainted our opinions and increased suicide? Both sides can be argued...
Beauty is an ideological concept that society has implemented throughout the history of the world. There are those who are born with it and others who will risk their life to obtain it through the process of cosmetic surgery. Most who undergo surgical cosmetic procedures are between the ages of 35 to 50 years old. However, in 2016 the American Society of Plastic Surgeons reported that a total of 299,551 cosmetic procedures were performed in adolescents between the ages of 13 to 19 years old. This is more than 1% of the American population that had a cosmetic surgical procedure performed. Whether it is for self-autonomy, a cognitive condition or an emergency procedure, many of the reasons are discreet. The cosmetic surgical procedures performed
Cosmetic surgeries have been a debatable topic ever since they were first introduced to society. In today’s world, the quest to become beautiful has become a very prominent part of people’s lives. Even though these types of surgeries are relatively old, with the first breast augmentation happening in 1895, today they are much more common and have a much greater array of variations. While plastic surgeries can be a person’s way of achieving happiness and strengthening self-esteem, people should do it with moderation and sane-mindedly because these surgeries can affect a person’s health, they do not always meet a person’s expectations and they may cause addiction.