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Colonization effects on indigenous people
The effect of imperialism
The effects of colonialism on indigenous people
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The Dutch originally establishing a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, gradually expanding along the African coastal frontier, immediately affecting the region at the expense of several groups of tribes. The Xhosa, Khoisan, Zulu and other indigenous peoples of South Africa, were gradually pushed out of their homelands, and their once prosperous way of living off the lands for survival became changed forever. A process similar to the one that unfolded in North America with the native American Indian tribes and among several other British colonies as well. The original owners of the lands, the natives, were being displaced by way of imperialistic arrogance in each case. In South Africa, for example destruction of Khoi societies as the Dutch stole the Khoi pasture and grazing lands, produced an over abundant amount of people to be sold and used as slave labor. …show more content…
Later on, during the inland precious gems explorations, the prior natives were already familiar with being used as the slave labor force, severely minimizing the native African's ability to earn a decent wage.
Making each native African, ready trained to accept whatever payments in exchange for labor during the diamond and gold mining later. The British, whom gained control of Cape Town in 1806, after several times of back and forths between 1795 through 1806. English domination of the Dutch descendents, known as Boers or Afrikaners, resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies further inland; the new colonies of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War later on but, both the Dutch and British settler descendants did agree on continuing to keep the natives under strict
control.
By 1885, little to no independent countries existed throughtout the whole African continent. This was due to the imperialism done by strong European countries. Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, and Spain are to blame. There are many possible contributing factors as to why the European countries decided to completely carve up Africa, split it up, imperialize the whole of the continent. Because of the need for resources Africa could supply, the European desire for power, and the European's reaction to the White Man's burden, they took control of almost every square mile in Africa through imperialization.
While Portuguese power declined, the British, Dutch, and French powers rose due to firmly standing footholds along the coast. In 1652, Dutch immigrants sailed to the southern tip of Africa and established Cape Town, which was the first permanent European settlement to supply ships sailing to and, from the East Indies. Boers, Dutch farmers, settled in Cape Town and believed they were superior to the native peoples; there, they ousted, enslaved, and killed the people who lived there. The migrations of the Boers “… would eventually lead to battle with several African groups” (455). By the seventeenth century, British and French presences had both reached present-day Senegal. The French established a fort in this region by 1700. After hearing stories about British explorers’ quest for the Nile River’s source, the French and British were intrigued and set off to find this source. These forts led to the continuation of European exploration during the next century in Africa.
Africa is a land of riches like no other, so as expected, European countries would have some sort of desire to conquer properties in whatever way they did. As stated in African Colonies and their Exports Chart, countless of natural resources are found in different areas in Africa. Not only does the data show plenty of resources, but also a variety (Doc D). This confirms that Africa is a wealthy land that Europeans grew fond of and hoped to take over. Specified in Imports and Exports Graph, following the 1900’s, after the conference to divide up Africa was held, Britain decided to use Africa’s natural resources and specialize in many industries. The imports doubled from 4 million pounds, while the exports boosted from 2.5 million all the way to 21 million pounds (Doc. E). With this lucrative increase in trading and selling, it is fair to conclude that not only were resources a factor of beginning imperialism in Africa, but also a successful result.
During the 1800’s imperialist European powers such as England invaded Africa and captured slaves. They took the slaves and traded them to the Americas and other countries in return for various goods. African tribes were not equipped with the proper materials and resources to be able to fight back, in result they were taken. Some of the Africans helped the English and other European imperialists to capture their own people.
Africa has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization; the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber, with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. Countries wanted land so they could harvest the resources, increase trade, and gain power.
The Dutch controlled parts of the northeast between 1624 and 1654. Slaves took steps towards reconquest of their freedom when the Dutch fought against the Portuguese colony, invading towns and plantations along the northeastern coast, concentrating on Recife and Salvador. With each Dutch invasion, the security of the plantations and towns were weakened. The slaves, taking advantage of the opportunities, fled into the forests in search of places in which to hide and survive. Many, after escaping, founded independent villages called quilombos.
Colonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless cultures, languages, and traditions. Over the past 500 years there have been different phases of colonization in Africa as well as other various parts of earth. There were many reasons behind exploration and colonization including economic and tactical reasons, religion, and prestige. Colonialism has shaped the contemporary understanding of individuals from Niger as well as other parts of Africa and other places too, like the Chambri and Tlingit people; mainly in economics. Because of the colonial past of so many cultures, numerous indigenous people today face many issues.
... Stephen. "British Empire: The Map Room: Africa: Cape Colony." British Empire: The Map Room: Africa: Cape Colony. Web. 04 May 2014.
The Two London Society Missionaries, Van der Kemp and his friend Edmond arrived to a very different Cape Town in 1799. A British flag now waved over the Dutch Port; British forces having arrived to secure Cape Town in the wake of the waning of the Dutch Empire during the Napoleonic wars.
The 1867 discovery of diamonds in Cape Colony, South Africa, prompted a rapid colonization by the British. The British sought to create a South Africa Confederation and bring the African people and diamonds under British control. They imposed strict taxes on the South Africans and sought to create a “South African Confederation” in an effort to better
The British arrived in South Africa a year after the Dutch East India Company went bankrupt, (1795). Initially, they held little to no control over its inhabitants due to the protection being offered by the French with whom Britain was warring. Twenty years later, once conflict had ended the British officially controlled the Cape-this was finalized in 1815. The British made many changes to the colony, several of which enraged the Boers. The abolishment of slavery, enforced use of En...
There were significant political conflicts between the two sides. The Boers treated all blacks very badly and did not give basic human rights even to the blacks working for them. They made them pay taxes but could not vote. It was said to be through religious reasons that the Boers treated blacks so badly. This awful treatment infuriated the British, who had abolished slavery in all its colonies as well as at home in 1834. The Dutch wanted to keep its slaves. Europeans working in the Boer territories were also mistreated. These "Uitlanders" as they were known were key to the Boers' economic success, yet were still denied the vote.
The process of decolonization in Africa during the 1950’s through the 1970’s was a very smart yet risky idea. For some places independence was easily gained yet in other areas it was a battle. During the time periods where colonization existed, Africa was peaceful and kept things in order. People had control over their specific locations and there were no questions to be asked. Once it was decided to remove these rights, things got out of hand rather quickly. Violence was a main occurrence during the decolonization timeframe because rules, rights, leaderships, etc. got altered and drastically changed. Sometimes nonviolence was used but it usually wasn’t as effective. A major example of using nonviolence actions to gain independence is when Gandhi protested in India. African leaders have tried very hard to lessen the influence of Western powers and the broader international community but they’ve never been completely successful because they continuously needed support in state building, economic development, and public health initiatives.
As the Europeans started to invade Africa and split up the land, they paid no attention to the already existing natural boundaries. Over time, villages with different cultures had set these boundaries. The Europeans ignored these invisible borders as they invaded. This caused soci...
The ruling government of South Africa changed from French-backed Dutch control to the British in 1795 ("The Consent”). Once the British controlled the Cape Colony, slavery was introduced and the white Dutch population was considered superior ("The Consent”). After several wars between the white Dutch population and Britain, the British gained complete control of the government in South Africa ("The Consent”). The British government still considered blacks second class citizens without the right to vote ("The Consent”). In the 1948 elections The National...