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Observation made by Alexander Fleming prompting him to discover the idea of antibiotics
Essay on penicillin discovery
What started the idea of penicillin
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Alexander discovered penicillin by just a weird accident; According to the article, when bacteriologist Alexander Fleming left for his vacation one day in September of 1928 he left a mess in his laboratory, when he came about one month later he noticed that every dish he had left out in the open was all covered in mold. He examined the dishes to see if they had been contaminated. Out of the sudden Fleming focused his attention in one particular dish. The dish that had caught the attention of Alexander was covered in a lot of mold specific the mold had staphylococci culture it had also grown a bit of yellow-green mold. Fleming noticed a ring in the mold but when examined it; The ring was bacteria-free. The molds name was Penicillium Notatum. This seemed very unusual to Alexander Fleming. Believe it or not that was how penicillin was discovered. …show more content…
Howard Florey at Oxford university. The hard research was able to prove penicillin ability to kill infectious bacteria. This was all during the world war II. The British Scientist try to spread his incredible discovery but he could not produce the quantities of penicillin needed for the clinical trials for people in the war, so he turned to the United States for help, so that the Americans could try to help them reproduce more penicillin. On July 9 1941 Howard Florey and Norman Heatley, Oxford university scientist came to the U.S. with a small yet valuable package containing a little amount of penicillin. As you can see penicillin was turning from small bacteria in Flemings laboratory to a huge success that can save many
Florey and Chain developed a system of growing penicillin: which was complicated initially, and tested its effectiveness on mice. The tests were successful and the two men became convinced that the drug would cure many people who would otherwise die. Florey and Chain were unable to expand on the development of the drug, as mass production was not financially feasible at the time. In June 1941, Florey travelled to America to try and interest drug companies there in developing penicillin. Due to the bombing of Pearl Harbour, the United States became involved in the Second World War.
Penicillin, derived from the mold Penicillium, is the first antibiotic to successfully treat bacterial infections on humans. It was accidentally discovered by scientist, Alexander Fleming. While Fleming was growing Staphylococcus, a serious and often deadly infection, in a dish, he noticed the bacteria had stopped growing after a mold found its way
Today, Johnson & Johnson is a pharmaceutical giant worth $71 billion. The company is listed on NYSE as JNJ with 2.83 billion shares outstanding with the value of $92.7 per share.
In the late 1880s, genes, white blood cells, and aspirin were discovered. An Augustinian monk from Austria, Johann Gregor Mendel experimented in the crossplanting of pea plants. Eventually his research lead to the discovery of genes. In 1892, Elie Metchnikoff discovered phagocytosis. After observing the larvae of starfish, he found that mobile cells served as a defense for the organisms. This research on the cells lead him to believe that these cells swallow up and digest bacteria, therefore leading into the identification of white blood cells. Although it is unclear who deserves credit for the discovery of aspirin, Felix Hoffman and Heinrich Dreser are credited for the introduction. Both of them researched the drug while working for Bayer and they are credited for actually naming it "aspirin".
Medical procedures and inventions are constantly being developed and made better. World War 1 was a time in which many of the procedures used today were first thought of and used. It was a time that inspired the doctors and nurses working today, not to mention the fact that it’s a topic that still affects everyone in the world today. Medical advancements made during World War 1 had a major impact on the world as evidenced by those advancements still in use today.
Years later other scientists were also intrigued by the possibilities of penicillin and produced enough penicillin to prove that it was a useable antibiotic. The scientists from Great Britain were developing all of this during World War II, and unfortunately funding for their drug was unavailable due to the war. They decided to bring their concepts to the United States, and once enough was made, it was eventually used, to treat wounded soldiers during World War I.
Did you know that Benjamin Franklin designed gadgets such as the first flexible urinary catheter, and an odometer for his carriage? Benjamin Franklin was genius tinker, diplomat, inventor and philosopher. Though he was removed from school at the age ten, receiving only two years of formal education, he went on to speak various languages fluently, play chess, and even design gadgets such as odometers and Franklin stoves. He was an all-around self-taught genius that could never be satisfied. He made discoveries about electricity, and used his newfound knowledge to design and built gadgets such as the lightning-rod, which is something that, despite its age, is still an effective method of protection against lightning. He even designed the first
In 1610 he was one of the first people to use the telescope to observe
Jonas Salk, Julius Youngner, and their colleagues used the roller tube while to create a creation of the polio vaccine (By 1950). Howard Walter Florey was a pathologist and cofounded penicillin in his lifetime from 1898-1968 (Fromm). Ernest Orlando Lawrence was awarded a Nobel Prize for creating the cyclotron, which is also known as the atom smasher. Frederick Sanger is known for his work on the different structures of protein and his work regarding
Alexander Fleming started the history of antibiotics in the 1920's with his discovery of penicillin.When penicillin was first discovered and used widely, it was touted as a wonder drug, and consequently was used as one.Though not necessarily harmful to the patient penicillin was used for much more infections than it was able to combat.Today the same practice is observed in the medical profession, however at this point it is due more to the detriment of an uneducated public.Studies have been carried out that show the huge over usage of antibiotics.In the seventies Soyka et al, concluded, "60% of physicians surveyed gave antibiotics for the treatment of the common cold."[3], and by common knowledge the common cold is a virus, something that cannot be treated by an antibiotic.Nyquist
Discovery and Development of Penicillin. (2014, April 4). Retrieved from American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html
I think that Galileo and Hooke’s discoveries do confirm that a God who provides for His Creation does exist. I believe this because Galileo discovered many things that did not put Earth at the center of the universe: there were other things that were bigger and better than the humans on that planet. He also discovers a lot of detail that was put into every star, planet and moon. If the heavens were like they expected, smooth and perfect, there would not be much of a story or beauty to any of it. The imperfections make a world that tells a story: it may not be perfect but it will make for a more interesting life filled with new discoveries and changing spaces.
Antibiotic resistance is a threat that has been theorized since the beginning of their medical uses. Even Alexander Fleming, the man considered to be the fath...
The discovery of antibiotics is attributed to Alexander Fleming who discovered the first antibiotic to be commercially used (Penicillin) in approximately 1928. An antibiotic, also known as an antimicrobial, is a medication that is taken in order to either destroy or slow the growth rate of bacteria. Antibiotics are integral to the success of many medical practises, such as; surgical procedures, organ transplants, the treatment of cancer and the treatment of the critically ill. (Ramanan Laxminarayan, 2013)
Drug is a chemical which alters the processes in the organism, which is used in the medicine for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases (Farlex, 2011). Drug discovery is a long term process that needs money investment. The process of drug investigation takes approximately from 9 to 15 years during which the number of chemicals that can become drug is reduced from 10,000 to 1-2 (Saparov, 2011). Even after manufacturing the drug is studied by scientists for modifying its structure, delivery and effects on the organism. Drug discovery consists of several stages which help to examine its effectiveness and side effects.