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Critical analysis of achilles
Critical analysis of achilles
Critical analysis of achilles
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How do you value honor? By academic achievement, physical ability, or character? This is a question that mankind has been trying to answer since its existence.The ancient Greeks determined the honor of a person by their war contributions. The Iliad revolves around the conflict between Achilles and a war obsessed society. Homer questioned the purpose of war and redefined the meaning of honor through Achilles’ rejection of the Heroic Code
In the Iliad, the worthiness of a person was judged by their possessions, but Achilles challenged the expression of honor through material goods. He cared more for his pride than physical objects. In Book IX, King Agamemnon sent his best soldiers to ask for Achilles’ help in the war. Agamemnon once tarnished
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It was an engraved rule in the ancient Greek culture for men to fulfill their duty as soldiers and willingly confront death. The soldiers are “ intoxicated by a false sense of invincibility” and trust that death is worth honor (Bruce 5). Hector represented the ideal soldier. When he chose to fight Achilles and defend Troy he declared “My better part is to face him for life and death. Either I shall kill him and return with triumph, or I shall die with honor before the gate” (Homer 315). Hector knew he would die, but was convinced he had to die fighting. David Gill explained “On a deeper level, they face death in battle precisely because they must die. In the end, there is no escaping death, but glory gained by killing others in combat can bestow a kind of immortality” (3). With the Heroic Code, ancient Greek men were fated to die young. Achilles was the first to review their predisposition. Later, when Achilles’ closest comrades tried to persuade him to rejoin the war effort he explained “If I stay here and fight before the city of Troy, there will be no homecoming for me but my fame shall never die; if I go home to my native land, there will be no great fame for me, but I shall live long and not die an early death” (Homer 128). Achilles debated his two fates, and chose life over honor. While other warriors would have gone and died in battle without a second thought, Achilles’ decision to not fight illustrated the flaws of the Heroic Code and the war-obsessed Greek society. Through Achilles’ struggle Homer tried to remind young men that they are allowed to ask themselves if death is worth the price of
What is honor? Honor coins an individual’s nature. A principle that exists on the purpose of perception, a martyr willing to conform and accomplish. In the case of Shakespeare's play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Brutus was the most honorable of men. A brother to Caesar, but a father to Rome, he persist and perish for the future of his child. The idea of ignorance, and the belief of a false faith, turns this noble man toward a vulgar grave, with virtuous notions.
The ideas of fate, honor, and shame, are common themes in many works of art that shape many aspects of culture and the people in those societies. Both ancient Greek and Japanese cultures were based around ideas of fate, honor, and shame. While not necessarily placing the same emphasis on each of the ideas, their importance is shown in works from each culture. The Greek epic, The Iliad, places an large importance on fate, while placing less emphasis honor and shame, while Chusingura, a Japanese film, displays the opposite, placing a large amount of emphasis on honor and shame, yet little on fate.
The Greek commander Agamemnon betrays Achilles by insulting him and taking his war prize, the girl Briseis. The Greek army as a whole, betrays him by acting inactively to Agamemnon’s insults and failing to defend him. As seen in Richard Blucher’s article book discussion, “In the Iliad, Achilles has his war prize, the captive woman Briseis, stolen from him by his Commander-in-Chief, King Agamemnon. Shay explains: We must understand the cultural context to see that this episode is more than a personal squabble between two soldiers over a woman [...] The prize of honor was voted by the troops for Achilles’ valor in combat. A modern equivalent might be a commander telling a soldier, ‘I’ll take that Congressional Medal of Honor of yours, because I don’t have one” (Blucher). These betrayals are so traumatic and insulting for Achilles that he withdrew entirely from the war. Also, in Book 21 of The Iliad, Achilles shows another belief that is identified with betrayal. In this book Achilles acts with reckless courage and takes on hundreds of enemy troops without showing any fear or resentment, even when the river god rises to drown him. As he acts so reckless he disregards his own life, and kills all who comes in his path. This is seen through Irwin Kutash’s review of Achilles in Vietnam, as he said, “Achilles is found to have been betrayed by his commander, Agamemnon, who usurps his prize of honor. The betrayal is described
Throughout the Iliad, heroic characters make decisions based on a specific set of principles, which are referred to as the “code of honor.” The heroic code that Homer presents to readers is easy to recognize because the heroic code is the cause for many of the events that take place, but many of the characters have different perceptions of how highly the code should be regarded. Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors, begins the poem as a model for a hero. His dedication and firm belief in the code of honor is described many times throughout the course of the Iliad. As a reward for heroic traits in battle, prizes were sometimes awarded to victors of war. In Book 1 Achilles receives Chryseis as a prize and a symbol of honor. Heroism had its rewards and its setbacks which ultimately was the backbone of the Illiad in the case of Achilles prize. Hector, arguably the greatest Trojan warrior or even the bravest of the Homeric heroes is very fierce and fights for what he believes is his destiny. In book VI Hector expresses his bravery when Andromache pleads with Hector not to fight when Hector says, “But I would die of shame to face the men of Troy and the Trojan woman trailing their long robes if I would shrink from battle now, a coward. Nor does the sprit urge me on that way. I’ve learned it all too well. To stand up bravely, always to fight in the front ranks of Trojan soldiers, winning my father great glory, glory for myself” (VI, 387).
He feels that his honor was besmirched when Agamemnon demands that Achilles relinquish his war prize, Brises "Are you ordering to give this girl back? Either the great hearted Achaians shall give me a new prize chosen according to my desires to atone for the girl loss, or else if they will not hive me I myself shall take her, your own prize?(Homer 1.134).
"Andromache, dear one, why so desperate? Why so much grief for me? No man will hurl me down to Death, against my fate. And fate? No one alive has ever escaped it, neither brave man nor coward, I tell you it 's born with us the day that we are born. So please go home and tend to your own tasks, the distaff and the loom, and keep the women working hard as well. As for the fighting, men will see to that, all who were born in Troy but I most of all" (Homer 6. 579-589). These particular lines demonstrate Hectors ' loyalty to his family and how far he is willing to go for his family. He is willing to die for his family but before he does, he starts to ensure that his family remains safe. Family seems to a driving factor in Hectors ' life, which could be viewed as a negative thing. For him to drop everything in the world for his family, even risk his life for them could stab him in the back if he let it. For example, if his wife was in grave peril and he had to choose between the lives of his people during a war or her life, he would choose her life but a smart leader would choose the lives of his
Throughout the Iliad, Homer portraits the extent to which honor plays a role in the lives of Greeks and the manner in which they are willing to sacrifice in order to reach their goals. The Iliad is set during the Trojan War, a particularly long and bloody war, fought not over boundary disagreements, and not over political conflicts, and not to protect the nation. Rather, it was a war fought to defend the personal honor. The possession of women was important to a man’s standing and honor. Paris’ theft of Helen struck a huge blow to the honor of Menelaus and becomes the initial cause of the Trojan War. Consequently, Menelaus, the Spartan ruler, called upon his brother Agamemnon to gather the Greek forces to launch the war against Paris demanding the return of Helen and reinstating the honor for the king. The war lasted for ten years and cost innumerable Greeks’ lives and brought incurable pain upon their families. To Greek heroes, honor is more important than their life as much as that life would be meaningless without it, and they even willingly sacrifice their lives in order...
Webster’s dictionary defines Honor as high respect, good reputation or high moral standards of behavior. Kwame Appiah in his book The Honor Code: How moral revolutions happen believes that honor is tied to the ethical emotions (particularly to pride, shame, and disdain), to one’s social identity, to the value of nationalism and group unity, and to moral motivation in general. He argues that honor is “a system of entitlements to respect,” Two forms of honor exist and these relate to two forms of respect. A person is worthy of “competitive” honor when they merit respect for excelling relative to some honor code. A person is praiseworthy of “peer honor” when they merit respect, not because they meet certain standard, but on the basis of a recognition of an equal status. Achilles fought for competitive honor, (176) whereas the Duke of Wellington and the Earl of Winchilsea dueled, because of
Consumed by his rage, he refuses to accept even the most admirable gifts and wealth in exchange for his return to war. He understands his prowess as a fighter, but not even his potential to make an immense difference on the battlefield can persuade him to join the fight. The adamant refusal is constant throughout the text, given that Achilles does not decide to join again until Book XVIII. What inspires this turning point is being personally struck by the death of Patroclus – his best friend. Achilles had such a strong connection with his companion that he is found sobbing, asking “but what boots it to me, seeing that my dear comrade Patroclus has fallen—he whom I valued more than all others, and loved as dearly as my own life?” (18.100-103). Just shortly after the turning point of The Iliad occurs when Achilles declares to “force his soul into subjection” and “pursue Hector who has slain him” (18.115). Without being personally affected by such a tragedy, Achilles never would have returned to war provided that not even the most tempting of offers could have swayed him. Furthermore, if Achilles were not struck with such overwhelming grief, then the outcome of the Trojan War would have been different. For instance, Agamemnon is at times a mediocre warrior. Because the Achaeans lacked a key figure in battle until Achilles changed his mind, it is very possible that Hector never would have been killed and that Achilles’s rage would have persisted. Merely telling Achilles that Patroclus had passed, breaking their brotherly bond, was enough to heighten the entire war rather than the countless battle scenes leading up to Patroclus’s
In my opinion, honor is determined by the courage a person displays, the difficulty of the test a person faces, the physical abilities a person possesses, and a person’s social
Honor (timê) is a crucial aspect of identity for ancient Greeks, especially warriors. Amongst the death and destruction of conflict, honor remains a desirable quality that warriors aim to achieve and maintain. As seen through Homer’s Iliad and Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War, the cultural value placed on honor poses a limitation on ancient Greek warfare by restricting one’s combat tactics and suppressing beneficial strategies. War in this context is no longer a fight for justice, but rather a chance for men to prove their individual worth.
HONOR CAN BE DEFINED IN SO MANY WAYS CAN mean respect and esteem shown to another. HONOR may ALSO apply to the recognition of one's right to great respect or to any expression of such recognition IN SOME SITUATIONS IT implies profound respect mingled with love, devotion.There is a priceless respect that everyone in the world possesses, and that is the. respect of a person?s honor. A person?s honor is something that can not be bought, sold,. or traded it?s something that must be gained by the respect of your peers. An example of. how honor is seen in everyday life in through a persons word. The standard dictionary definition of honor first lists public regard and esteem under the word, with ethical conduct or high standards of justice and responsibility appearing much further down the list. This is reflected in the way the modern world treats the issue of honor. In ancient times, honor was the manner of being that we now describe as having integrity. In plain language, an honorable person avoids deception whenever possible, treats others with respect and sticks to her beliefs no matter how others think or act. People generally do not seem to behave very well toward each other any more.Honor determines the hierarchy of an individual while revealing his loyalty and true intentions. Reward comes for those at the top whose honor does not diminish, while a false or fleeting honor of a lesser mortal causes destruction. Exploring and discussing how to act honorably toward each other is a place to start.The greatest way to live with honor in this world is to be what we pretend to be. How can you be a person of integrity? First, figure out what integrity (honor) is. My mother used to say to treat others the way you wanted to be treated. Does anyone do that these days? Well, I know that I don't want to be cut off in traffic, or yelled at, or bumped into rudely at the grocery store, or left picking up garbage all over my yard from the street. So I could try not to do those things to other people. I won't cut off others in traffic, or yell, or act rude at the grocery store, or throw garbage in the street. That's just a place to start. Treat others the way you want to be treated.
War can also bring out the worst in men. The cruelty of the poem dehumanizes many of the men. The cruelty can be displayed in the actual battling and fighting in war but also in the characteristics of the warriors. The war, at times can bring out ugliness due to the competitive factor warriors are faced with due to the battles. In Book I, Agamemnon states, “Forever quarreling is dear to your heart, and wars and battles; and if you are very strong indeed, that is a god’s gift (The Iliad, Book I, Line 177-178).” In this statement Agamemnon is referring to Achilles and his life as a warrior. Agamemnon believes that he Achilles is in no way a better warrior than him. Just because Achilles has received helped from a God still does not mean he has that any advantages over
In one of his most famous works “Iliad”, He portrays one of the greatest worriers on the battlefield, Achilles, as being a man with a moral compass who did not care much for wealth and greed. This work displays a belief by the author, that there was a problem with many of the systems of ancient Greece... Time and Geras was a system in which time represented respect, what every warrior wanted, and the tangible sign of time was geras or “prize” (Morris Powell102). Agamemnon, had obtained Achilles’s geras, a girl, as a division of spoils. Achilies, was angry because he had earned the girl fair and square, and a man could not have time without geras (103). His political power was less than Agamemnon’s because he ruled fewer people, but he believed that he should have the same” time” or more for his achievements on the battlefield (104). He says to Agamemnon “Yes, clothed in shame, greedy for gain”, because taking some one else’s time and geras was considered to be dishonorable and disrespectful. In this guilt and shame culture, which was displayed in Homer’s work, a man’s reward was based on the merit of his actions
The most powerful warrior in The Iliad, Achilles controls the Myrmidons, soldiers from his homeland of Phthia in Greece. Proud and headstrong, he takes offense easily and reacts with blistering indignation when he perceives that his honor has been slighted. Achilles’ wrath at Agamemnon for taking his war prize, the Briseis. In This easy I will indicate how the conflict between Agamemnon and Achilles came about, Why Agamemnon believe that he has the right to claim Achilles prize and Achilles believe that he has the right to possess his prize?, why Achilles reasoning different from Agamemnon, Agamemnon admit that he wrong when he sends ships intent of persuading Achilles to return to battle and how Achilles responded to the people sent by Agamemnon to persuades Achilles, what made Achilles to return to battle and lastly, the conflict between Agamemnon and Achilles ever resolved and why they did not resolved the problem. If you pay attention to the book you can see or discover that the problems regarding between the goddess and mortals and the mortals itself was centered to Power, glory, honour , fate and