Hn1 Flu Research Paper

Have you noticed that influenza has been in a bit of an uproar in the world for the last few past years? When news spread out about the two teams of researchers had purposefully tweaked H5N1 bird flu in the lab to potentially make it more transmissible among human beings. Those two scientists Yoshihiro Kawaoka and Ron Fouchier had with the expectation of swift publication. The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) did something unprecedented: they ruled that the two papers should be censored if published, that they should be scrubbed of the complete methods and viral mutations that the researchers studied, in order to head off the risk that terror groups could use the information to craft a deadly bioweapon. If you didn’t

know H5N1 is strain of the avian flu, it very dangerous especially through the way it is transmitted. Statistic of the current deaths also shows the possible pandemic rising in the future. There a higher percent chance that the flu will not become a deadly killer disease. And there many possibilities and still no one can completely sure of the future result. H5N1 also known as A(H5N1) it a virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. A bird-adapted strain of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) is the highly pathogenic cause agent of the H5N1 flu, commonly known as the typical bird flu.
This strain is in many bird populations and is spreading globally after first appearing in Asia. It is epizootic and panzootic, which is killing tens of millions of birds and still spreading through hundreds of millions of other birds. H5N1 flu is probably one of the most feared possible outbreaks in today’s world because of its likelihood to mutate. This particular type of strain mutates, allowing human to human transmission easy, this immense chance for a world widespread. This can also leave the earth atmosphere with the possibility of humans not being able to resist these diseases.
This virus has been evolving more and more each day. “Antigenicity” is the ability of the immune system to resist the antigen, and is continue changing constantly. “In addition to this is the factor that scares people the most about the H5N1 virus. If it mutates, it will be harder for people to resist the virus. There are two known types of the virus in the world. These types are geographically isolated from one another, though both remain within Asia. One type is been situated in Thailand and other countries, while the other strain is located within China and japan. There is a possible third type of strain which exists in the northern parts of Vietnam and Thailand that is thought to be even more dangerous considering its evolution rate and its current array of antigens. But still scientists are unsure about the true significance of these separate types of strains, although the virus a higher chance to mutate. Even the common belief is that these mutations are conducive to the generation of an indestructible virus.
The only way to be sick with the H5N1 flu virus is to have close contact with the birds that are infected with flu.

It can only be transmitted through feces, mucus or saliva. Birds that are infected with the virus and three or more touches through the facial openings, there is a 90% or more chance that whoever touched it will become infected with H5N1 flu. But, if humans take safety precautions, such as hand washing it should be easy to prevent the spread of this virus. Human to human transmission has only been seen two cases, both outside the United States, one in Indonesia and the other in Thailand. This disease only been transmitted through these people because they did not take safety precaution which was needed to protect themselves. The case in Indonesia was a male poultry worker who was infected with H5N1 flu. He was then contaminated with the rest of his family with whom he close contact with. However the case in Thailand was very similar he was a poultry worker as well, who became very sick after been infected with H5N1 virus. He also infected other family members through close contact. There has similar mutation which led up to dreadful Spanish flu in 1918 that concerns the World Health Organization (WHO) that it could happen again. There is a 99% chance that if the virus mutate, it will be a lot more deadly than the flu of 1918. There have been several reasons to lethality, one of the reasons is that the world has more highly populated and city has become denser.

If an outbreak occurs in the city area the possibility of a huge widespread is extremely high. Modern technology has been greatly facilitated worldwide, which has consequently allowed disease to travel too easily. H5N1 has become more deadly to both birds and humans than the 1918 Spanish Flu was, the speed and virulence which this virus might spread could be very devastating. Yet, under the circumstances that the H5N1 virus does mutate, it will also lose a sufficient amount of force. Because during it process of mutation, it have to sacrifice it killing in order to be able to mutate in a way. The gene that has control of its ability to transmit is closely related to the genes controlling the force.
Currently, H5N1 does not pose a major threat to society, but about 300 people has become sick from the virus worldwide and almost 160 birds die each year.

In 2005, 10% of the bar-headed geese were killed by H5N1 flu. However, most of the birds that had been infected during these small outbreaks were located in a small decay poultry farms in central and southeastern Asia. Many of the bar-headed geese died, and the species is still trying to exist. They’re also not being eaten but humans, so therefore, the geese that are sick will not infect humans. The benefits of these countries are adopting more measures to contain this dangerous flu, such as examining the poultry farms more carefully and making sure they birds are living an a sanitary environment. The H5N1 flu has never been found in the United States. Nearly all of the bird in the United States has been vaccinated and not one bird has been recorded to have been infected or sick with H5N1 flu. Even though there is the possibility that the infected birds could and probably have migrate from Asia to Alaska, it is not thought to be a major problem for the human population since the migration of the birds are not commonly used as food. With human contact would be scarce with these birds. Many wild birds, such as geese, ducks, and hawks, will likely to be the most affected in this scenario. These wild birds almost never come in close contact with humans and the only plausible way to contract the H5N1 flu from a wild bird is

touch an infected one and not take sanitizing measure afterwards.
One of the major worry is the food supply. H5N1 virus does appear in our food supply through a mistake, the USDA has devised a plan that will stop the spread of the virus. The method will be to kill and the bird that were infected with this virus plus all the other birds living near the vicinity. Even if the case does go undetected, if the virus is cook thoroughly the virus will be killed. But, however if the H5N1 virus does start to infect humans, the result will be vary appalling. Thus far, about 36 different cases of H5N1 flu have been recorded. Out of those cases, only 18 have been fatal. Although the virus will lose its potency after the mutation, scientist has even speculated that in a worst case scenario, 48% of those infected will die even after the mutation. Although this is very unlikely, this is considered as a possibility. More probable outcome is that the virus will mutate into a very transmissible virus, but also undergo another mutation, allowing it to regain its potency before the mutation. Therefore, a very possibility is that the virus will not mutate at all, only affecting the virus population. The H5N1 strain of the influenza has been a major concern to society. Despite the fact that it is a problem to be thinking of, the virus may not be as lethal as it is thought to be. The possibility that this virus will cause a pandemic is very slim and most governments are readily prepared. Even if things take a turn for the worse and the virus stays lethal and mutates into a deadly form, life on earth may not completely end because there may be certain individuals in each species who can resist the virus. The H5N1 virus should be of a small concern but in truth, there is not much that separates its more lethal than most other diseases.

In 1997 the H5N1 virus jumped the species barrier from birds to human and chicken in china. This caused china to be very alarmed about this new virus, not only china but the whole world was threatened and worried because of how it had change the species barrier so fast. The virus begins to spread very rapidly and killed most of its human and animal victims. This cause many of the poultry chickens and birds in the surrounding areas to be killed, thousands of chickens killed because the H5N1 virus didn’t affect chickens the way it affected humans. The factories and business that produced the chicken were force to close down because they lost a lot of business. This virus really didn’t disappear completely after the accident; it took almost 4 years break then appeared in other countries in 2003. Many people died of this disease mainly because there were no symptoms that could tell that the poultry was infected. The virus reappeared in China, Cambodia and Indonesia in the month of May 2005. This was the first time ever the virus appeared in three areas in the same month and year. The spread of the virus worried other because they feared where the virus would hit next. The outbreaks lead to killings of many poultry and to the containment of traveling between the three countries that were affected. The spread of the H5N1 virus, its symptoms and how it affected humans alarmed many nations this is where the rumor of a pandemic started.
There is different type of strands of H5N1 affects birds and humans differently. The most harmful strand to humans is not physically apparent in poultry and birds, but there certain type of strands of the H5N1 virus that are deadly to poultry. One of the strands that affect birds results in a slow painful death. The first signs are Respiratory Illness, over a couple of days; the respiratory illness soon leads to Intestinal Illness and Neurological Illness. The symptoms in humans are similar but they do have some variations. In humans many times the H5N1 virus is often mistaken for Pneumonia, the symptoms of Pneumonia and the H5N1 disease are very similar; the symptoms in both illnesses include severe shaking with chills, a high fever and headache, and a persistent cough. The incubation period in humans is about 2 to 4 days. The H5N1 virus is very transmissible; most of the incidents were caused by some type of transmission, blood or even eating poultry infected by the virus.