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Human sexuality through history
“Where there is power, there is resistance”. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction
Human sexuality through history
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What is the History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge - Volume 1 about? How has it changed or not changed your views on how people living in late 20th century western societies experience themselves as sexual beings? In your opinion, do you think Foucault has got it right? ***go through edit and add quotes Within the History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge – Volume 1, Michel Foucault explores the repression and discourse in regards to sex in western societies. Foucault explores how those in late 20th century western societies perceive and experience sex and the discourse that surrounded it. Within History of Sexuality, Foucault studies and comments upon the “repressive hypothesis”, as well as exploring sex in regards to confession and power. He also focuses heavily on the academic discourse that surrounds sex and how it may affect the way that it is perceived. In part two of History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge – Volume 1, Foucault explores what he refers to as the “repressive hypothesis.” This hypothesis, he claims, argues that the rise of the middle class created a society in which it is frowned upon to spend time on sexual acts primarily for please, as opposed to procreation. Insert quote here about repressive hypothesis. This has created a situation …show more content…
Within the Christian church, confession became a platform that was an important part of the discourse of sexuality. This was due to the fact that it provided a means for people to confess what they had been led to believe as since, particularly sins of the flesh. These include adultery and homosexuality. However, the confession extended beyond the physical ways that people used their bodies; people were expected to also confess what were perceived to be improper thoughts. Thus, the church controlled sex mentally as well as physically. Add quote about
Each chapter contains numerous sources which complement the aforementioned themes, to create a new study on cultural history in general but women specifically. Her approach is reminiscent of Foucault, with a poststructural outlook on social definitions and similar ideas on sexuality and agency. Power cannot be absolute and is difficult to control, however Victorian men and women were able to grasp command of the sexual narrative. She includes the inequalities of class and gender, incorporating socioeconomic rhetic into the
At the beginning of the 1900s, there was a “sexual revolution” in New York City. During this time, sexual acts and desires were not hidden, but instead they were openl...
Foucault capitalizes that power and knowledge contribute to the discourse of sex; he discusses how people in power controlled this discourse to repress sex entirely. Foucault talks about the repressive hypothesis in his book. The repressive hypothesis states that whoever holds the power, also controls the discourse on sexuality. Specifically, those in power, according to the repressive hypothesis, exercise to repress the discussion of sex. In addition, Foucault comments that knowledge represents power. Whoever has the power can dictate the language of the population, thus this causes powerful people to also regulate the knowledge of the population. Although Foucault does not agree with every aspect that the repressive hypothesis exclaims, he agrees about the timing of when people started to repress sex. With rise of the bourgeoisie in the 17th century, a rise in tighter control about sex also took place. Foucault stated that the discourse of sex remained
Roberts makes a clear assertion that when the Americans first entered the villages and rural areas of France, they were disgusted with the archaic lifestyle of the 1940’s French citizen. American soldiers regarded the nation of France as “primitive” and completely old-fashioned, “They are way behind the times— the women still wash clothes in the little streams and pound the garments with stones; the cows and pigs and chickens still live in the same building as the family” (50-51). To view the French as a sexual attraction would seem almost blasphemous to the Americans. The French were considered shameless, and vapid to the utmost extent, especially with their sexuality. The Americans believed that, “Heterosexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction were defined as important for personal happiness as well as a successful marriage” (54) But with this strong opposition came this sexual charged obsession with the sexual liberation that the French contained, “For the Americans sexual desire was still something to be restrained, lest it overwhelm rationality and moral self-discipline”
During this time the works on sexual power and dominance written by Michel Foucault informed the interpretation and analysis of historians on the subject of Two-Spirit sex roles. Foucault, esteemed for writing a comprehensive history of sexuality, informed many of the analysis on this subject following his work’s publication. In his volume the History of Sexuality published in 1972, Michel Foucault discusses the many aspects of sexuality and its use as a form of power. Specifically Foucault was imminent in interpreting the role of dominance and passivity in sex and in homosexual interactions. These discussions informed many of the works that followed, especially the work Long Before Stonewall (Rifkin, 2011).
In the article “An Anthropological Look at Human Sexuality” the authors, Patrick Gray and Linda Wolfe speak about how societies look at human sexuality. The core concept of anthology is the idea of culture, the systems of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors people acquire as a member of society. The authors give an in depth analysis on how human sexuality is looked at in all different situations.
To provide a summation, I have learned a great deal about sexuality throughout this class and have utilized some of its teachings in order to help clarify my sexuality. While I have strayed away a bit in this essay about sexuality especially on Freud, I have tried incorporate their teachings into constructing my sexuality identity such as Foucault teaching of sexuality and power and Judith Butler’s sexuality and categories. Freud was just absurd however I will take advantage of these teachings utilized in class in order to constitute a more accurate representation of my sexual
In The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how during the 19th century with the raise of new societies, the discourse or knowledge about sex was not confronted with repulsion but it “put into operation an entire machinery for producing true discourses concerning sex” (Foucault 69). In fact, this spreading of discourse on sexuality itself gives a clear account of how sexuality has been controlled and confined because it was determined in a certain kind of knowledge that carries power within it. Foucault reflects on the general working hypothesis or “repressive hypothesis,” and how this has exercised power to suppress people’s sexuality. It has power on deciding what is normal or abnormal and ethical or unethical about sexuality. Through discourses of life and sexuality, power is exercised because humans learned how to behave in relation to sexuality, which method keep individuals controlled and regulated. This explains why people experience that sense of behaving inappropriate when we talk about sex in a different way than the whole society. Foucault points up how sexuality is not just treated in terms of morality, but it is a matter of knowledge and “truth.” However, these discourses, including sexual discourses are not true or false, but they are just understood to be the truth or falsehood to control society. As a result, sexuality begins to be explored in a scientific way, developing the “truth” science of sex (Foucault 69). For Foucault, he asserts that sexuality has developed as a form of science that keeps us all afraid of such phenomena, which people think to be true, thus this science helps society to discipline and control individuals’ behaviors.
Halperin, David. "Is There a History of Sexuality?." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. New York: Vintage Books.
Gayle Rubin’s “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality” focused on the history of sexuality and sexual persecution. Gayle Rubin recognizes the idea of sex as a natural force that exists prior to social life and which shapes institutions and society. First, Rubin, emphasizes the idea of negative sex, by showcasing views by other scholars. Rubin notes Foucault in his 1978 publication “The History of Sexuality”, as “sex as the natural libedo wearing to break free of social constraint” (Rubin, 149). This leads Rubin to her understanding of sex negativity. Sex, as Rubin depicts, is dangerous, destructive and a negative force and sex negativity is any negative sexual behaviour other than married or reproductive sex. Many Western religious believe that sex should only be for reproductive reasons and that pleasure and anything outside of martial sex should not be experienced. Third, Rubin goes on to construct the charmed circle, distinguishing good and bad sex. Resulting from sex negativity, Rubin develops an illustration of good and bas sex, better known as the charmed circle. Instances of bad sex include; casual,
In the book History of Sexuality: An introduction, Volume 1 by Michel Foucault, he discusses the “repressive hypothesis” which he had developed. Sexual repression was due to the rise of the bourgeois. He suggests that the repressive hypothesis is important for discourse on the revolution of sexuality. Foucault has recognized the repressive hypothesis as a form of discourse. The repressive hypothesis has power to repress the debate of sexuality. Foucault mentions that society has created control over how people talk about sex over time. In the 17th century with the rise of the bourgeoisie, there had been control on the discourse of sex. In the 18th century, sex was studied for the means of regulating the demographic of the population. Sex lives
He believes that the way in which sexuality is expressed, by different philosophers, is the wrong way to think of sexuality. Through his philosophy his main goal is to question sexuality itself and for society to question the idea of the sexuality options given. Foucault has participated in many revolution such as women and gay revolutions and in the movements pertaining to the solitary prisoners faced in the 70’s. Foucault believed in observing and participating in social movements. He believed that in order to understand the present ies, history needed to be explained and observed. Being able to see historical movements, in a linear matter, gives us the ability to see the problems in the present day. When describing his books, Foucault often referred to them as the history of the present. Foucault ultimately believed that in order to understand the present time one must look at past events. The example of expressing the past in order to understand the future can be further explained in his book, History of sexuality. History of Sexuality is also used by Foucault to further explain sexuality and his critique of the repressive hypothesis. In Foucault’s book he speaks on many historical events, as well as the politics of truth, the origination of confession and lastly the explosion of sexuality in a form of
The Church teaches people the moral truth, which contains the truth about sexuality. The church could connect with other churches, denominations and religious groups in teaching and fostering this morality.
... decades ago. This book is one that will allow the reader to view many aspects of sexuality from a social standpoint, and apply it to certain social attitudes in our society today, these attitudes can range from the acceptance of lesbian and gays, and the common sight of sex before marriage and women equality. The new era of sexuality has taken a definite "transformation" as Giddens puts it, and as a society we are living in the world of change in which we must adapt, by accepting our society as a changing society, and not be naive and think all the rules of sexuality from our parents time our still in existence now.