History Of Industrial Automation

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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
Automation is encompassing virtually every walk of Life. Automation solutions are required right from agriculture to space technology. Plant Automation is the necessity for the manufacturing industry to survive in today’s globally competitive market.

2.1.1 INVENTION OF AUTOMATION
In 1935, Delmar S. Harder from GM invented the term ‘Automation’. After World War II, in 1946, he was working for Ford and found the requirement for new engine manufacturing plant.
The existing engine plant could not handle the capacity increases being contemplated. Overcrowding hampered production efficiencies and smooth changeovers to new engine types would be impossible.

2.1.2 GOALS OF AUTOMATION
Reliability and precision- The old focus of using automation only to increase productivity and reduce cost was short-sighted because a skilled workforce is required for maintenance and repair.
Health and environment – The cost of automation to environment has been varied depending on the product. There are automated engines which consume more natural resources in comparison to previous engines and those that do the opposite too. Hazardous operations like oil refining, manufacturing chemicals and metallurgy have benefited from automation.
Convertibility and turnaround time – Products can be varied without rebuilding the production lines. Analogy designs were modified to digital which offered more accuracy and flexibility.

2.2 WHAT IS AUTOMATION?
Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to give technical device for:
• Increasing productivity
• Increasing Quality
• Reducing Cost
• Increasing Safety in working condition etc.

Thus, Automation is the process o...

... middle of paper ...

...an capability (Speed, weight, size, endurance and Economy improvement.
2.6 DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS
• Even the most advanced automation system may have technical limitations.
• Unemployment rate increases due to machines replacing humans.
• There may be security threats, vulnerability and errors due to limited intelligence.
• Unpredictable R&D costs and high initial investment.
Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently, lie beyond the scope of automation.
Human-level pattern and language recognition are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems.
Tasks requiring operation management techniques, synthesis of complex sensory data such as scents and sounds currently require human expertise.
In many cases, the use of humans in more cost effective compared to mechanical automation approaches.

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