Introduction
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs award cash payments to poor households that meet certain behavioral requirements, generally related to children’s health care and education. In some cases, conditional cash transfers have been used for broader environmental goals, such as making payments to people living near forests in return for protecting the area rather than damaging it in order to earn income. In the form of grants to the elderly, they are a tool for strengthening social protection systems.Conditional cash transfer programs, financed by the governments, have spread rapidly over the last decade in the developing world. The concept of CCT structures originated in Latin American countries mainly in response to the economic crisis of the 1990s . During this time there was a drastic decline in the demand for social services from low income households. These programs represent a change in governmental approach that used to focus on the supply-side delivery of basic services. Alternatively, they focus on the demand-side, by protecting the consumption of merit goods. These programs also represent a shift from general subsidies to more sharply CCT programs providing cash transfers to poor families that are contingent on children’s educational and health investments, typically school attendance and regular medical checkups, with the goal of breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty.
The first wave of conditional cash transfers, which mostly targeted middle income countries, have been marked by good implementation in most cases with respect to targeting, general administration and impact evaluation. In Latin America alone, CCT programs benefit over one hundred and ten million people (The Economist, 2010). T...
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...nal incidence of poverty with expenditures on CCT programs can prove to be a difficult task. An economic downturn and inability to fund the program can obscure any improvements in the overall incidence of poverty, even though beneficiaries of the program are better-off than if they had not received the program at all.
The total amount transferred by these programs is still modest. Its share in total income is still only less than 1% even in the Brazilian Bolsa Familia and the Mexican Oportunidades. While these figures are small in comparison to the weight of transfers from the social security system, CCT income is so well targeted that even with such a small participation in total income they have an important contribution to decreasing inequality in Mexico and Brazil. The second most important factor of the decrease in inequality in Mexico and Brazil has been CCTs.
The amount of people it effects is limited, no longer effecting the majority. Although poverty has minimized it is still significant poverty which is characterized by a numerous amount of things.There are two types of poverty case and insular. “Case poverty is the farm family with the junk-filled yard and the dirty children playing in the bare dirt” (Galbraith 236)Case poverty is not irretraceable and usually caused if someone in the household experiences “ mental deficiency, bad health, inability to adapt to the discipline of industrial life, uncontrollable procreation, alcohol, some educational handicap unrelated to community shortcomings” (Galbraith 236) .Case poverty is often blamed on the people for their short comings but on some levels can be fixed with the help of charities .Insular poverty is where everyone in that area is poor in this situation you are incapable of pinpoint one person shortcomings that caused this poverty. Most modern poverty is insular and is caused by things people in this community cannot control. “The most important characteristic of insular poverty is forces, common to all members of the community that restrain or prevent participation in economic life are going rates of return. These restrains are several .Race, which acts to locate people by their color rather than by the proximity to employment, is
There are multiple causes of why a family or individual can fall into poverty, which includes but is not limited to, disability, unemployment, age, and recessions, as we have seen through the 2008 recession and the Great Depression. Throughout this paper, I will address poverty as a social problem and its causes. I will also focus on how children and family households headed by single mothers are affected by poverty, and how Temporary Assistance for Needy Families came about to help children and families in poverty. Before we can explain the causes of poverty, one must first define what poverty is. If you were to ask someone for their definition of poverty, you would get several different definitions.
Poverty is not just an issue reserved for third world countries. Instead, poverty is a multifaceted issue that even the most developed nations must battle
Borzutsky S., Chile: Has social security privatization fostered economic development? Int J Soc Welfare 2001: 10: 294-299 Copyright Blackwell, 2001.
Przeworski, A., 2004. Capitalism, Development and Democracy. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 24, No. 4 (96), Pp. 489-497
Brazil is a vast country in South America that has experienced extreme wealth and income disparities since its independence in 1822. The uneven income distribution, combined with several other factors, is what accounts for millions of civilians living in impoverished conditions. The Northeast is the country’s most afflicted region, with an estimated 58% of the population living in poverty and earing less than $2 a day. The systemic inequality as well as lack of development and modernization has generated chronic poverty that has had detrimental effects on society in northeast and ultimately weakens Brazil.
14 Apr. 2014 http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6153159/k.C8D5/USA.htm?msource=wexggusp0611&gclid=CPC44tzr4L0CFexcMgodzG4Arg>. Hall, Keith. Then, the. More Government Spending Won't Reduce Poverty.
In the 1960s, the government drew a poverty line which determined how the lower class may benefit from government aid. Since t “2008, th...
The first reasons to think that foreign aid should be spend is that “Aid saves lives” which is clearly illustrated by the researches conducted. Compare 1990 to 2010, as a result of aid in vaccines and health, there was a decrease in number of children who died from illness of pneumonia and diarrhoea (BBC). For example, in Botswana, the foreign aid fund had provided a test of HIV for pregnant mothers and therefore decrease the amount of newborn babies which catches HIV. Furthermore, in Bangladesh, there is a 62% drop in death rate for the under five children, the aid fund allows the government to be able to afford “vaccines and trained the midwives”.
Many people do not realize that there are tens of millions of people in America who are living in poverty because they are stuck on the fact that America is one of the richest nations. People who are living in poverty barely have enough money to survive on basic necessities like food, shelter and electricity. They often have a hectic schedule filled with work, school, or other activities that they have to do in order for them to live a somewhat stable life. Unfortunately, there are others who are living in poverty that may be ill or disabled and barely able to survive even if they are receiving money to help with their situation. There are a few programs that help those in poverty with their financial problems, but they only help them to a certain extent. Changes need to be done to help alleviate the poverty rate because these people should not have to deal with all of these hardships or have such a negative perspective of life. Therefore, America can reduce its poverty by raising the minimum wage, making health care more accessible, and by making child care more affordable. These solutions will be a great start to reducing poverty and they will lead America into a brighter future.
Accessed 06 March 2005. 11. Garten, Jeffrey E, “Don't Just Throw Money At The World's Poor” BusinessWeek, March 7, 2005.
According to Lein (2013), the poverty rate increased in the United States over the course of the recession. In 2009, the overall United States poverty rate was 14%, and then rose to 15% in 2010, the highest rate...
...ing economic developments. The Chiapas, which has a mostly Amerindian population, consists mainly of peasant farmers surviving by subsistence farming. Fifty-three percent of the people in Mexico live in extreme poverty (222). Brazil has also seen astonishing increases in the number of people living in poverty. There has been a fifty percent increase in the number of people living in poverty (256). Both Mexico and Brazil will have to work towards a more balanced distribution of wealth in the years to come.
... of revenue collection of the machinery of redistribution, important though these are. An optimal financing mix should do three jobs well: (i) generate the resources needed to establish and strengthen appropriate social protection systems; (ii) ensure that the incentives generated by the financing modalities reduce child poverty and child vulnerability; and (iii) secure legitimacy for social protection institutions and policies. Section three examines the main issues involved in financing social protection in low income countries, beginning with a discussion of trends in sub-Saharan Africa, and the issues raised by the current global crisis; followed by a discussion of alternative policy strategies adopted in three Latin American countries: the use of natural resources in Bolivia; budgetary surplus policies in Chile, and borrowing in Mexico. Section four concludes.
Due to poverty, it can effect so many people around you. Children whose parents suffer from poverty go through more severe illnesses than those who are raised under better living condi...