Hip and Knee Movements
Hip and Knee Movements
1. Take the position of a runner in the starting block for a short running race. Place one foot forward and one foot back while placing your hands on the starting line.
a. In what position is the hip joint for the forward leg?
Flexion and extension can be measured by analyzing the angles between two body parts. Flexion can be described as a movement that decreases the angle between two parts of a body. On the other hand, extension describes to a movement that increases the angle between two parts of a body. The position of a runner, who is taking a short race, on the starting block, insinuates that one leg is placed forward and one leg is placed backward. The hip angle can be calculated based on the absolute angle of the thigh and the trunk. It can be done using the formula below:
ɵhp = ɵthigh absolute - ɵtrunk absolute
In this model, if the hip angle is positive, then the related action is flexion. However, if the hip angle is negative, then the related movement is extension. However, if the angle is zero, it means the thigh and the trunk are aligned vertically in a neutral position. The forward leg subtends a positive angle, which means that the hip joint of the forward leg is in a flexed position.
b. In What position is the hip joint of the back leg?
The hip joint of the back leg subtends a negative angle, which means that the hip joint of the back leg is in an extended position. This is as per question (a) above,
c. Now imagine that the starter has fired the starting gun, into what position did the hip joint of the forward leg move and what muscles caused the movement?
The forward leg moves to the extended position. The muscles which are responsible for extending th...
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c. Which gender is known to have a larger "q" angle? Male or female?
The “q” angle is defined to be the line of the quadriceps muscles pull and the line of intersection of the partellar tendon. The female gender is known to have a larger “q” angle. Their “q” angle ranges from 150 to 200, whereas that of the male ranges from 100 to 150.
4. Lying prone with your entire body on the table, bring your heels to your buttocks.
What muscles performed this action of the knee joints?
Since this is a flexion movement, the posterior muscles of the knee performed this action. They include:
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus maximus
• Iliotibial band
• Gracilis
• Semitendinosus
• Semimebranosus
• Gluteus minimus
• Piriformis
• Superior gemellus
• Obturator iternus
• Obturator Externus
• Inferior gemellus
• Quadratus femoris
• Adductor Magnus
• Biceps femoris
The gluteus maximus originates from both the ilium and the sacrum and inserts on the femur. The gluteus minimus abducts and rotates the thigh outward. The biceps femoris originates from the tuberosity of the ischium and is responsible for abducting the thigh and flexing the hindlimb or in humans the thigh/leg. The gastrognemius originates from the lateral sesamoid bone of the femur and extends the hindfoot in minks and the calves in humans (Scott).
Flexion is the bending of a joint so that the angle between the two bones decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group collectively known as “hamstrings.” The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,...
Anterior pelvic tilt is the top of the pelvis rotating forward such as the ASIS are forward relative to the pubic symphysis. In the frontal plane it looks as if the posterior part of the pelvis is swayed backwards. As dancers we try to work through this resistance and achieve the greatest turn out possible. In order for us to gain greater turn out while standing we often try to open the hips more by sabotaging our alignment, sending the pelvis into anterior pelvic tip. Although you can achieve greater turn out this way, it ruins the aesthetic and makes the deep outward rotators less effective. This means that if you tried to perform a simple tendu to the front, you would not be able to stay turned out through the foot during the exercise. Anterior pelvic tilt also limits a dancer’s execution when doing a back battement.
The fighter is then ready to initiate the movement phase: extension at the knee with a relative angle to the thigh of about 180 degrees, lateral rotation of the grounded foot between 90 and 120 degrees, and additional lateral flexion of the spine.
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1. You will want to start off by keeping your feet about shoulder with apart.
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• When sitting or lying down, raise (elevate) your feet. Try putting some pillows underneath your lower legs.
Fourth position requires the feet to be in a similar orientation to third position, simply farther apart. Fifth position, as explained previously, is almost identical to Third, except for the fact that there is less space between the heel of the back foot and the toes of the front foot. Finally, in parallel position (sometimes called Sixth position) the feet are parallel to each other,
... Drawing your abs in, lift your left leg parallel to the floor, with knee bent, foot flexed. Return to starting position and repeat 15 to 20 times. Switch sides.
Three markers were used to attach to the clothing at the acromioclavicular joint, radial process and greater trochanter all on the ride side of the body and were clearly visible. Two jumps were performed: a countermovement jump with just bodyweight, and a countermovement with 1kg weights in both hands. Elbows were fully extended throughout the jump and the subject was permitted two practice jumps. Two separate videos were taken, one for each jump. Markers were clearly visible and the entirety of her body was seen throughout each