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Critical issues present in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
Paper on The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
Paper on The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
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Aishah Lloyd
Mr.Grissett
DRE-098
In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot gives a description of the background of Henrietta,the lacks family,and her death from cancer. Henrietta Lacks was born Loretta Pleasant in Roanoke,Virginia on August 1st,1920.Her mother,Eliza Pleasant died while giving birth to her 10th child. Henrietta's father was unable to handle all ten of the children so he sent them all to Virginia. Henrietta was sent to live with her Grandfather Tommy Lacks in Clover,Virginia where she shared a room with her first cousin David “Day” Lacks they spent most of their childhood stooped in fields,planting tobacco. Henrietta and Day eventually got married on April 10,1941. Henrietta and Day then moved to Baltimore,Maryland;
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they were convinced by their cousin Fred Garrett to leave the tobacco farming and seek a better life for their family. Day then worked at a steel mill where he made good money. On January 29,1951 Henrietta visited John Hopkins Hospital because she had felt a knot on the inside of her womb. Her local doctor tested her for syphilis which came back negative and she was then referred to John Hopkins.
Henrietta's Gynecologist Howard W. Jones,took a sample of the grape jello colored knot on her womb which turned out to be a tumor and later diagnosed her with cervical cancer. During her first treatment the doctors there ran many tests while henrietta laid unconscious on the operating table. The surgeon on duty,Dr.Lawrence Wharton jr., dilated her cervix and inserted radium inside of her cervix but no one told henrietta that they would be taking samples of her tissue from the tumor and her healthy cervical tissue without her knowledge. Her samples were later given to Dr.George Gey; George Gey was head of the tissue culture research at John Hopkins. Gey and his wife were trying to grow malignant cells outside of the body hoping to use them to cure cancer. She died at John Hopkins on October …show more content…
4th,1951. The Lacks family learned about the HeLa cells in the 1970s.
In 1973, a scientist contacted her family members, to seek blood samples and other genetic materials from them. Inquiries from the family regarding the use of henrietta's ( HeLa cells), which included their own genetic information were ignored. From the very start her samples were shared without her knowledge or consent. The Lacks' family were uninformed for about two decades before the family learned of HeLa cells. About two more decades passed before the Lacks family finally started getting answers from scientists.
Her cells seemed immortal, and have been used for some basic biomedical research including the development of polio and other vaccines, also cancer therapies, vitro fertilization ,and drugs for herpes, leukemia, influenza, hemophilia and Parkinson’s disease. Only when George Gey's technician tried to grow cells from a sample of Ms. Lacks' tumor were they successful. George Gey did mention that he did hire his assistant for her hands. The cell lines were eventually distributed throughout the medical world. The cells from henrietta's tumor are still used in labs all over the
world. The rights and privacy of the Lacks family addressed after German researchers published the full sequence of a HeLa cell line without consulting the family. Their actions were not sought out to be illegal but due to the Lacks' privacy concerns, Francis Collins, who is a director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) met with henrietta's family to agree to a solution everyone would be happy and satisfied with. As an end result of the sit down,A NIH-funded version of the HeLa genome will be kept in a restricted database. Before any NIH-funded research on HeLa cells can be published, it has to be approved by a board including at least two of her family members. “Hela is still one of the most commonly used cell lines in laboratories around the world. Hela cells are still contaminating other cell cultures and caused an estimated several million dollars in damage each year” (The immortal life of henrietta lacks pg 312.) . Not only do you share your genes with your relatives; your identity can, in many cases, be deduced from your genome sequence with a little help from online databases. Like privacy on the Internet these days, genetic privacy is something that research volunteers are signing away as the cost of participation. But that cost is imposed on family members as well, raising the question of whether family members should have a say in what happens to your genome. (White A, Michael. "The Paradox of Science and Privacy." Www.psmag.com. N.p., 20 Aug. 2013. Web. 18 Sept. 2015.)
An abstraction can be defined as something that only exists as an idea. People are considered abstractions when they are dehumanized, forgotten about, or segregated and discriminated against. The scientific community and the media treated Henrietta Lacks and her family as abstractions in several ways including; forgetting the person behind HeLa cells, giving sub-par health care compared to Caucasians, and not giving reparations to the Lacks family. On the other hand, Rebecca Skloot offers a different perspective that is shown throughout the book. Rebecca Skloot’s book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks describes the trials and tribulations the Lacks family has gone through because of HeLa cells and shows how seeing a person as an abstraction is a dangerous thing.
All I can say is amazing information of your glorious and late Henrietta Lacks. This incedible women bettered our society in ways no common human could understand at the time because of how complex this matter was and still very much indeed is. I know there is much contraversy with the matter of how scientists achived immortal cells from your late relative, and I do strongly agree with the fact that it was wrong for these researches to take advantage of this incredible women, but I know it is not for me to say nonethless it must be said that even though it was wrong to take Lacks’ cells when she was dying sometimes one must suffer to bring joy to the entire world.
In the beginning of chapter two, Skloot describes that Loretta Pleasant aka Henrietta Lacks was born on August 1, 1920 in Roanoke, Virginia. Henrietta’s mom passed away in 1924 after giving birth to her tenth child. Her dad took the children back to Clover, Virginia where the children were split up to live with ...
In order to fully understand the significance of the life of Henrietta Lacks, one must first understand the nature of the historical moment in which she lived, and died. Henrietta Lacks was a poor, African American woman born in 1920; Henrietta lived in Clover, Virginia, on a tobacco farm maintained by many generations of relatives. This historical moment can best be understood when evaluated using a structural analysis; a structural analysis is an examination of multiple components which form an organization; structural analyses often focus on the goals and purpose of the organization in question. Henrietta and her family were greatly affected by structural violence, a type of systematic violence exerted via legislation and discrimination. Often following systematic violence is a separate type of violence, known as symbolic violence; this occurs when structural violence is viewed as normal based on media representation or popular
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells the story of Henrietta Lacks. In the early 1951 Henrietta discovered a hard lump on the left of the entrance of her cervix, after having unexpected vaginal bleeding. She visited the Johns Hopkins hospital in East Baltimore, which was the only hospital in their area where black patients were treated. The gynecologist, Howard Jones, indeed discovers a tumor on her cervix, which he takes a biopsy off to sent it to the lab for diagnosis. In February 1951 Henrietta was called by Dr. Jones to tell about the biopsy results: “Epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix, Stage I”, in other words, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Before her first radium treatment, surgeon dr. Wharton removed a sample of her cervix tumor and a sample of her healthy cervix tissue and gave this tissue to dr. George Gey, who had been trying to grow cells in his lab for years. In the meantime that Henrietta was recovering from her first treatment with radium, her cells were growing in George Gey’s lab. This all happened without the permission and the informing of Henrietta Lacks. The cells started growing in a unbelievable fast way, they doubled every 24 hours, Henrietta’s cells didn’t seem to stop growing. Henrietta’s cancer cell grew twenty times as fast as her normal healthy cells, which eventually also died a couple of days after they started growing. The first immortal human cells were grown, which was a big breakthrough in science. The HeLa cells were spread throughout the scientific world. They were used for major breakthroughs in science, for example the developing of the polio vaccine. The HeLa-cells caused a revolution in the scientific world, while Henrietta Lacks, who died Octob...
The Belmont Report identifies three core principles that are to be respected when using human subjects for research. The three ethical principles are: respect for persons, beneficence and justice. In the case of Henrietta Lacks each of these fundamental components are violated. The consent that Henrietta provided was not sufficient for the procedures that were conducted.
The Immortal life of Henrietta Lacks is a book about the women behind the scientific revolution of using actual cancer cells to perform cancer research. Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman who was barely educated and worked as a tobacco farmer. At the age of thirty she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. In Lacks’ time being uneducated, African American, and a woman was not a great mix. They were often undermined and taken advantage of. When Lacks started to become very ill she went to the nearest hospital that would accept black patients. There the doctor, George Gey, misdiagnosed her illness and took a tissue sample without her consent. After suffering through her illness and trying to keep up with her five children Henrietta died
Henrietta was born in 1920 to a young mother who passed away a few years after Henrietta’s birth, so she moved in with her grandfather and her cousin, David Lacks, whom everyone called “Day”. Both Henrietta and Day started working at an early age and had shared a room almost their entire life, which led to them eventually having children and marrying by the time Henrietta was twenty. Later, wh...
Most people live in capitalist societies where money matters a lot. Essentially, ownership is also of significance since it decides to whom the money goes. In present days, human tissues matter in the scientific field. Rebecca Skloot, author of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, shows how Henrietta Lacks’s cells have been used well, and at the same time, how they have been a hot potato in science because of the problem of the ownership. This engages readers to try to answer the question, “Should legal ownership have to be given to people?” For that answer, yes. People should be given the rights to ownership over their tissues for patients to decide if they are willing to donate their tissues or not. Reasons will be explained as follows.
In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, author Rebecca Skloot tells the true story of the woman who the famous HeLa cells originated from, and her children's lives thereafter. Skloot begins the book with a section called "A Few Words About This Book", in which a particular quote mentioned captured my attention. When Skloot began writing Henrietta's story, one of Henrietta's relatives told Skloot, "If you pretty up how people spoke and change the things they said, that's dishonest. It’s taking away their lives, their experiences, and their selves" (Skloot). After reading that quote, an array of questions entered my mind, the most important being, "Do all nonfiction authors take that idea into consideration?" Nonfiction is a very delicate and
Rebecca Skloot’s novel, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, depicts the violation of medical ethics from the patient and researcher perspectives specifically when race, poverty, and lack of medical education are factors. The novel takes place in the southern United States in 1951. Henrietta Lacks is born in a poor rural town, Clover, but eventually moves to urban Turner Station. She was diagnosed and treated for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins hospital where cells was unknowingly taken from her and used for scientific research. Rebecca Skloot describes this when she writes, “But first—though no one had told Henrietta that TeLinde was collecting sample or asked she wanted to be a donor—Wharton picked up a sharp knife and shaved two dime-sized pieces of tissue from Henrietta's cervix: one from her tumor, and one from the healthy cervical tissue nearby. Then he placed the samples in a glass dish” (33). The simple act of taking cells, which the physicians did not even think twice about, caused decades
“Ah, the creative process is the same secret in science as it is in art,” said Josef Mengele, comparing science to an art. He was less of an artist and more of a curious, debatably crazy, doctor. He was a scientist in Nazi Germany. In general, there was a history of injustice in the world targeting a certain race. When Mengele was around, there were very few medical regulations, so no consent had to be given for doctors to take patients’ cells and other tests done on the patients’ bodies without their consent. This was the same time that Henrietta Lacks lived. Henrietta Lacks was an African American woman who went to the doctor because she had cervical cancer. Her cells were taken and are still alive in culture today (Skloot 41). Hence, her cells were nicknamed Immortal (Skloot 41). Although many, at the time, saw no issue with using a patient without consent issue with what?, on numerous occasions since then courts have determined that having consent is necessary for taking any cells. The story of Henrietta lacks is has similarities to an episode of Law and Order titled Immortal, which is an ethical conundrum. Despite this, the shows are not exactly the same and show differences between them. Both of these stories, one supposedly fictional, can also be compared to the injustices performed by Josef Mengele in Nazi Germany.
The book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, was a nonfiction story about the life of Henrietta Lacks, who died of cervical cancer in 1951. Henrietta did not know that her doctor took a sample of her cancer cells a few months before she died. “Henrietta cells that called HeLa were the first immortal human cells ever grown in a laboratory” (Skloot 22). In fact, the cells from her cervix are the most important advances in medical research. Rebecca was interested to write this story because she was anxious with the story of HeLa cells. When she was in biology class, her professor named Donald Defler gave a lecture about cells. Defler tells the story about Henrietta Lacks and HeLa cells. However, the professor ended his lecture when he said that Henrietta Lacks was a black woman. In this book, Rebecca wants to tell the truth about the story of Henrietta Lacks during her medical process and the rights for Henrietta’s family after she died.
Henrietta Lacks was born on August 18, 1920 in Roanoke, Virginia. She stayed with her grandfather who also took care of her other cousins, one in particular whose name is David (Day) Lacks. As Henrietta grew up, she lived with both her Grandpa Tommy and Day and worked on his farm. Considering how Henrietta and Day were together from their childhood, it was no surprise that they started having kids and soon enough got married. As the years continued, Henrietta noticed that she kept feeling like there was a lump in her womb/cervix and discovered that there was a lump in her cervix. Soon enough, Henrietta went to Johns Hopkins Medical Center to get this check and learned that she had cervical cancer. But here is where the problem arises, Henrietta gave full consent for her cancer treatment at Hopkins, but she never gave consent for the extraction and use of her cells. During her first treatment TeLinde, the doctor treating Henrietta, removed 2 sample tissues: one from her tumor and one from healthy cervical tissue, and then proceeded to treat Henrietta, all the while no one knowing that Hopkins had obtained tissue samples from Henrietta without her consent. These samples were later handed to ...
...ave. They have been through a lot by people asking over and over about the HeLa cells. I think the least the doctors could do is tell them the actual truth about how they used those cells and stop making them guess or always wonder. I think they should have told them when they come to get the blood what they were actually using it for. They may not have understood, but the least they could do is tell them. They could have told them they wasn’t taking their blood to see if they had cancer they should have told them they were taking it for the HeLa cells. I think it was a good thing when I found out that Gey was actually doing research on the cells and not actually trying to get money. I thought this whole time he was probably getting money from it. I think when he was doing his research he was actually trying to help people, not put the Lack’s family through so much.