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Relationship between Neanderthals and humans
Essays of neanderthals
Essays of neanderthals
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Early man, such as the Neanderthals focussed primarily on physiological needs because the environment in which they lived was so hazardous.
Food was sparse and living too close to water courses may have resulted in unwelcome predatory visitors.
I’m sure you could find the same conclusion from an academic source and it would make your work stronger. Some generations of Neanderthals lived during the ice age, between and thus food was in short supply because few organisms could survive these conditions. This meant Neanderthals were dominated by the need to find food, which was secured primarily through hunting and scavenging, but nuts and berries also contributed in a small part to their diet. Water on the other hand, was not difficult to come by, and many made efforts to live close to water sources to ensure sufficient supply, however, living too close to water may have placed the Neanderthals in close proximity to predators who were also using the water source, putting their lives in danger. The discovery of many Neanderthal bones in caves has led us to conclude that they sheltered in caves and unearthed animal hides and needles have led us to believe that hide was used to protected themselves from the cold. These methods secured the needs of shelter and warmth, which are two of Maslow’s basic needs. Fire had a multitude of uses for the Neanderthals, it was used for warmth and also met safety needs as it kept unwelcome visitors such as cave bears away. Fire was also used for cooking, but not nearly as much as it is now, this is because Neanderthals, like other carnivores, had a specific combination of enzymes in their stomachs that allowed them to consume and digest large quantities of raw meat. Today, there is very little meat th...
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...he demise of Neanderthals, their influx put immense demand on already constrained resources, there was little available food during the ice age because only those species best adapted to the harsh environment could survive. Homo Sapiens however, had a different way of thinking and created different tools making them better equipped for hunting, this meant that Homo Sapiens obtained food more easily, which was necessary for survival, this led to Neanderthals being outcompeted and their numbers began to diminish.
So far, I have discussed the needs of early man, and how they were met in relation to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, I am now going to compare these needs to human rights and explore whether there is a causal relationship between the two. I will also discuss whether human rights have become a need in themselves as a result of our growing population.
The Neanderthals took advantage of a warm period 125,000 years ago while migrating. They ended up getting as far as Siberia. During that warm period 125,000 years ago the Caspian Sea was reduced in size dramatically (Than, 1). The remains of cave drawings of Neolithic peoples and human-shaped figures have been discovered that date back to around 41,000 years ago (Hammer, 66). Chinese and Malaysian Homo Sapiens have very close features to the Neanderthal.
They had everything that they needed to survive, but they still died out. They evidence says that they hunted, buried and ate too much than they could handle and when the Homo Erectus needed food they would starve for days. One by one they died off, and only they left behind their remains. Their remains were left behind buried under hardened ash and riverbeds. When their bodies were discovered, they had very thick layers of fat which helped them survive the beginning of the Ice Age. They ate too much food, and when the all the ice was frozen during the start of the Ice Age all the food that got stored underground went stale and was stuck underground which meant that they did not have the necessary things for survival. The Homo Erectus were brilliant hominids that "had" all the necessary supplies for life. They did not have any idea that their time was coming to an end, but they flourished in their time that they lived and now the Homo Erectus will the be the one only hominid to accomplish so much in the time that they
Trinkaus, E. (2007). European early modern humans and the fate of the Neandertals. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 104(18), 7367-7372. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702214104
According to Hannah Arendt, “The Declaration of the Rights of Man at the end of the eighteenth century was a turning point in history”. (Arendt, 290). She begins her thesis by making this affirmation. However, throughout her essay, she further develops the idea that this “Declaration of the Rights of Man” has been questioned ever since then, because of the fact that these human rights don’t really appear to be implemented over a numerous amount of human beings. This “turning point” which Arendt refers to, indicates that when human rights were first conceived, they stated that only the nation worked as the law, and neither the divine law nor anything else had power over them. This was the moment when control over these rights was lost, since there is a deficiency in the precision of who really has the rule of law over them, if not even the human authorities have been able to manage the “universality” they are supposed to express. Hannah Arendt’s explanation on the human rights article called “The
There is evidence to suggest that Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens had coexisted for approximately 35-40,000 years, (Fagan 2010) from around 60,000 years ago to 25,000 years ago when they finally went extinct (Gibbon 2001). Anthropologists are still uncertain what the cause of their extinction was. This paper will analyze three main theories of Neanderthal extinction. The first theory is the competition theory, which claims that the Homo sapiens and Neanderthals had to compete for resources, ultimately leading to their demise. The second theory I will discuss is the climate change theory, which claims that Homo sapiens lived while Neanderthals died because they were better adapted to the climate. The last theory I will discuss is the possible “extinction through absorption” theory which claims the Neanderthal interbred with the Homo sapiens and became one species. In this paper I will also be comparing the technologies, and diets of both species. In addition, I will look at the anatomic relation between the Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, how their body shape and size differed, and if this gave any advantage to one side or the other. My thesis for this paper will state that Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis had co-existed but the disappearance of the Neanderthal in Eurasia is due to the appearance of the more culturally advanced and genetically superior Homo sapiens and the failure of the Neanderthal to adapt in an evolving climate.
The proponents of the separate species hypothesis believe that they had a common ancestor, but Neanderthals and modern humans were separate species. They argue that the Neanderthal line was a dead end, and that for some reason Homo sapiens thrived while they went extinct.
Neanderthal Extinction Neanderthals and modern humans coexisted for well over 100,000 years. Then suddenly Homo neandertalensis began to die out and surrender the earth to Homo sapiens. Paleontologists and anthropologists have entertained several possibilities for the causes of this event: interbreeding among Neanderthals and humans, competition for natural resources, and Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest.” What the real cause has been has plagued scientists for years. Now, due to an international research team from Germany, those possibilities have been even further deduced, making it easier to pinpoint the exact reason Homo neandertalensis became extinct.
One of the main reasons why human rights have been put in place is to protect the public life and public space of every individual being. One fundamental characteristic of human rights is that they are equal rights; they are aimed at providing protection to every person in an equal way. These rights have been entrenched through laws that are passed by states and international conventions. Human rights laws have evolved over time, and have been shaped by several factors, including philosophical theories in the past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especially the ideals of moral autonomy and equality as applied to rational human beings. John Stuart Mills’ theory of utilitarianism also forms a solid basis for human rights, especially his belief that utility is the supreme criterion for judging morality, with justice being subordinate to it. The paper looks at how the two philosophers qualify their teachings as the origins of human rights, and comes to the conclusion that the moral philosophy of Kant is better than that of Mills.
...d to the switch for calorie and protein rich animal products. Soon followed the creation of the revolutionary element; fire which changed the road of human evolution drastically. Homo erectus could now greatly increase the calories gained from food while also keeping warm and protecting from predators of the night. These campfires also led the some of the earliest forms of social interaction among early humans. Besides campfire interactions, Homo erectus also formed a distinct form of hunting and gathering division of labor which is still evident in parts of the world today. Though it is Homo erectus’s great migration out of Africa that may have been responsible for most important role of human evolution. Which would have led to the dispersion of human ancestors around the globe and the formation of the nationalities that we as humans are so proud of today.
The Neanderthals are an extinct species of human that lived in ice age Europe between 120,000-35,000 years ago. This species is known for their receding forehead and prominent brow ridges. We know this species as the uncivilized or unintelligent person or group. Neanderthals are often portrayed as “unintelligent cavemen in animal-skin clothing.” Scientists’ first thought the Neanderthals’ were subhuman, but that thought is beginning to change. The original name given to the Neanderthals when they were first discovered was ‘Homo Neanderthalensis’ and they were considered to be an ancestor to modern humans. “Forty-four years after this biased classification, Neanderthals were reclassified as a human subspecies Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis and
Each particular person has their own particular set of need that promotes and inspires their responses to messages as well as communication that takes place in their lives. Whilst not everyone’s priorities are the same, our needs do coincide with one another’s (Steinerg, 2007:22). This essay will be discussing the earliest and most widespread version of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These needs include the need for survival, the need for safety, the need to be social, the need to have a good self-esteem and lastly the need for self-actualization (http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html). It is very important to note that people have to take care of lower order needs such as hunger first before they can worry about higher order needs such as achieving ones goals (http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/).
The doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states that every ‘man’ has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Are human rights universal? Whether human rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countries that oppose the idea that human rights are for everybody. This argument shall be investigated in this essay, by: exploring definitions and history on human rights, debating on whether it is universal while providing examples and background information while supporting my hypothesis that human rights should be based on particular cultural values and finally drawing a conclusion.
Paleolithic age presents the era when key human adaptations evolved in response to a variety of environmental changes experienced at the time. This period of human evolution coincided with change within the surrounding of man. Such included cooling, drying and unpredictable climatic patterns over the time. This increased amount of variability in environmental conditions raised the level of uncertainty and instability in their respective terms of survival, necessitated the man to adopt new habits to increase adaptability to the new and changing surroundings. The evolved structures and behaviors led to specialization to enable coping with changing and unpredictable conditions.
This paper will argue that even if human rights promote what is viewed as universal values they cannot be applicable to all of humanity, primarily because of issues with the concept of universalism. To argue this view firstly the topic of human rights will be introduced, so that there is an understanding of the use of the words human rights within this paper. Secondly, the development of the concept of human rights will be discussed, as a way to show the evolving nature of the social human groups around the world. Thirdly the connection between morality, values and human rights will be discussed. Then the concept of universal morals will be discussed, as this is the primary concept that applied to the idea of human rights being universal. This