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Stalin's effect on the Soviet Union
Stalin's transformation of the Soviet Union
Stalin's effect on the Soviet Union
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During the cold war the Soviet Union played a big part. When Stalin was still president and Stalin’s ‘legacy’ which were to remain Soviet Union an authoritarian, one-party state and economically it was focused on producing military hardware rather than housing, transport, food, consumers goods and health care. Mikhail Gorbachev reported to have said ‘We can’t go on living like this,’ on his behalf of being the youngest first university-educated General Secretary leader to the Politburo. Gorbachev was responsible for the collapse of the soviet system, because of Gorbachev introduction of two key ideas, Gorbachev and Reagan’s relationship during the cold war, and Gorbachev keeping the Soviet Union relations with the United States. Gorbachev …show more content…
introduction of his two key reforming ideas which were perestroika and glasnost were two key ideas that represented a change in politics in the Soviet Union. Perestroika were to restructure the economy and glasnost to be openness was the principle of every area of the regime to public scrutiny. These two key ideas involved greater ‘democratization,’ with more people involved in the Communist party and in political debates. Through these two strategies, Gorbachev intended to make Soviet Union system more productive and responsive, but in order to keep his process he realized the only way was to reduction in military spending. After Gorbachev reduction in military spending, Gorbachev knew that if his ideas were going to work, then Gorbachev could not rise to the challenge of matching Reagan’s SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) system. Gorbachev announced his plans to withdraw from Afghanistan and he pulled back soviet aid to its ‘allies’ in the developing world. After settling down with Reagan about arms control, and Reagan later confessed he had no longer believed in the ‘evil empire.’ Gorbachev control of government people grew tired of rationing, shortages, and endless scarce goods within his market economy. Although, Gorbachev’s introduction of two key ideas, and Gorbachev and Reagan’s relationship during the cold war caused many problems in the short run.
Gorbachev wanted to manage keeping the Soviet Union relations with the United States. Gorbachev believed the only way to better the Soviet economy were to keep good relations with with the rest of the world, especially the United States. This caused Gorbachev to reduced the Soviet military in the Warsaw Pact nations of the Eastern European. This also caused Eastern European to crumble down in a few months. Gorbachev made it clear that the Brezhnev doctrine which were affirming the right of the Soviet Union to intervene in the affairs of Communist countries to strengthen Communism would not be applied with the satellite states. The process by which the Soviet Union collapsed began and Gorbachev policies failed to bring improvement in the country’s economic situation meant that he became unpopular. In conclusion, Gorbachev was responsible for the collapse of the soviet system, because of Gorbachev introduction of two key ideas, Gorbachev and Reagan’s relationship during the cold war, and Gorbachev keeping the Soviet Union relations with the United States. The collapse of the Soviet Union had a huge impact on international politics as well as the economic situation of countries that have been dependent on the Soviet Union for
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A comparison of these two are Both leaders saw that changes were essential, they knew that without reforms, the Soviet Union would grow weaker and weaker. Khrushchev’s and Gorbachev’s reforms were wide and touched almost all important aspects of the government. One important aspect is how Khrushchev and Gorbachev saw the past and future. When Khrushchev came to power he had a big problem how to replace Stalin and how to rule the country after him. Stalin ruled through a cult of personality and many people thought that he was irreplaceable. At “the Twentieth Congress of the Khrushchev attacks Stalinism and the Cult of Personality in the secret speech, he denounced Stalin and the terror of his regime, everything Stalin did or said was incorrect,
How would you feel if you defected to another country and spent the rest of your life under Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) protection out of fear of Soviet reprisals? This is exactly what Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko faced in September of 1945 when he and his family defected to Canada. Igor Gouzenko stole over 100 documents that he had accumulated from his time working as a cipher clerk at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, Canada. These documents implicated that Canadians were involved in espionage against their own country and detailed the efforts of a Soviet spy ring in Canada. Subsequently, I will emphasize Igor Gouzenko’s life, Canada’s involvement in the early Cold War period when he defected to Canada, and his involvement in some of the central events at the beginning of the Cold War in this
After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union had very different ideas on how to rebuild. The United States, led by President Truman, wanted to form democracies in Europe and create a capitalistic society to build economically strong nations that would compliment the American economy through trade. In contrast, the Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalin, wanted to rebuild itself and spread communism through Europe and Asia. In a desperate attempt to rebuild, many countries devastated by war fell under soviet influence and resorted to communism. The Soviet Union called these nations Satellite nations and hoped that they would serve as ?buffer? nations, preventing invasion from the west .In its efforts to defend democracy, the U.S. created the policy of containment. In this new policy, the United States would try to block Soviet influence by making alliances and supporting weaker nations. Winston Churchill described this strategy as an ?iron curtain?, which became and invisible line separating the communist from the capitalist countries in Europe. To help enforce the ideas of containment, President Truman create...
The major factor that led to the true end of the Cold War was the ongoing personal and diplomatic relationship between Presidents George H. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev. This resulted in the reduction of the Russian military and favorable arms agreements. Key indicators of the substance behind this relationship were the Soviet troop withdrawals from Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan, and Hungary (lifting the Hungarian/Austrian “Iron Curtain” along the border). Subsequently the opening of the Berl...
He wanted to cut taxes and increase defense spending. He felt that the United States of America should take a confrontational approach towards Russia.3 Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of Russia in 1985. He wanted to improve. the Russian economy. He also wanted to improve relations with the United States.
The political ideologies of the USA and of the Soviet Union were of profound significance in the development of the Cold War. Problems between the two power nations arose when America refused to accept the Soviet Union in the international community. The relationship between the USA and the Soviet Union was filled with mutual distrust and hostility. Many historians believe the cold war was “inevitable” between a democratic, capitalist nation and a communist Union. Winston Churchill called the cold war “The balance of terror” (1). Cold war anxieties began to build up with America and the Soviet Union advancing in the arms race for world dominance and supremacy. America feared the spread of Communism
Odd Arne Westad, Director of the Cold War Studies Centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science, explains how the Cold War “shaped the world we live in today — its politics, economics, and military affairs“ (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). Furthermore, Westad continues, “ the globalization of the Cold War during the last century created foundations” for most of the historic conflicts we see today. The Cold War, asserts Westad, centers on how the Third World policies of the two twentieth-century superpowers — the United States and the Soviet Union — escalates to antipathy and conflict that in the end helped oust one world power while challenging the other. This supplies a universal understanding on the Cold War (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union opposed each other over the expansion of their power.
The overall collapse of the Communist regime came rather quickly, but there were underlying causes of the collapse that were apparent during the preceding decades. On the surface, the 1970s looked good for the Soviet Union. A lot of certain aspects were still going the Soviet Unions way. However, in 1975, the Soviet Union’s power peaked. In 1975, the Soviet Union’s power began to dwindle and there were six underlying causes of the collapse that can be dated back to that year. In this essay I will discuss these six causes and how they helped bring about the actual collapse of the Soviet regime.
The cold war was failed by the Soviet Union for many reasons, including the sudden collapse of communism (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This sudden collapse of communism was brought on ultimately by internal factors. The soviet unions president Gorbachev’s reforms: glasnost (openness) and perestroika (political reconstructering) ultimately caused the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Gorbachev’s basics for glasnost were the promotion of principles of freedom to criticize; the loosening of controls on media and publishing; and the freedom of worship. His essentials of perestroika were, a new legislature; creation of an executive presidency; ending of the ‘leading role’ of the communist party; allowing state enterprises to sell part of their product on the open market; lastly, allowing foreign companies to own Soviet enterprises (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) Gorbachev believed his reforms would benefit his country, but the Soviet Union was ultimately held together by the soviet tradition he was trying to change. The Soviet Union was none the less held together by “…powerful central institutions, pressure for ideological conformity, and the threat of force.
...ould change Russia’s relationship with the rest of the world. The first policy was “Glasnost” which meant political openness and the second was “Perestroika” which meant economic reform. It was not long that the hold that the USSR had over Eastern Europe was starting to fade. Each country replaced its government with a noncommunist one. In 1989 the Berlin Wall, which was the symbol of the cold war, was destroyed. The wall physically came down after Ronald Reagan challenged Gorbachev to “tear down this wall”. In 1991 the Soviet Union was dissolve and the cold war was over.
Second was counterculture - the Soviet Union was experiencing internal dissent from the public as a result of opposition to the Cold War. Third was that Soviet satellite states rebelled for their independence and became capitalist and democratic - these jeopardized the communist model. Like explained in the section above, Gorbachev’s reforms were too little too late - it was unable to save the Soviet economy or prevent mass revolutions across Central and East Europe. Once the Soviet Union collapsed into factions that were ultimately united by Boris Yeltsin and his capitalist reforms. The Cold War was over, and a massive, uncertain power vacuum
The purpose of this investigation is to assess how significant Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost, and Perestroika polices contribute to the collapse of the USSR. In order to understand how significant of a factor Gorbachev policies were to the collapse of the USSR, we will investigate from how significant were the reforms emplaced by Gorbachev, to how the USSR was doing economically from the time Gorbachev came into power. The main sources for this investigation range from an Excerpt from The cold war: The United States and the Soviet union by Ronald Powaski who states facts about both the economic and political issues of the time. Excerpts from “New political thinking” from perestroika by Gorbachev which states how he believes new political ideas are for the good for the USSR. Finally in The Dissolution of the Soviet Union by Myra Immell who goes over many of the factors of the USSR’s collapse.
The Soviet Union, which was once a world superpower in the 19th century saw itself in chaos going into the 20th century. These chaoses were marked by the new ideas brought in by the new leaders who had emerged eventually into power. Almost every aspect of the Soviet Union was crumbling at this period both politically and socially, as well as the economy. There were underlying reasons for the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and eventually Eastern Europe. The economy is the most significant aspect of every government. The soviet economy was highly centralized with a “command economy” (p.1. fsmitha.com), which had been broken down due to its complexity and centrally controlled with corruption involved in it. A strong government needs a strong economy to maintain its power and influence, but in this case the economic planning of the Soviet Union was just not working, which had an influence in other communist nations in Eastern Europe as they declined to collapse.
USSR’s Responsibility for the Cold War Although the US wanted more international influence and economic dominance, angering the Soviets, the USSR was the most responsible party for the cold war. The USSR established a blockade around West Berlin which took place from 1948 to 1949, created the “Iron Curtain” separating Western and Eastern Europe, and lost more of the US’s respect and trust after going back on what they had agreed to which was allowing free elections in liberated Eastern European countries during the Yalta agreement. The US capitalists craved world supremacy and wanted to rule over every country both economically and militarily making them partially responsible for the events of the Cold War. The US could have been happy after becoming allies with the Soviet Union during World War II, however because of American politician George Kennan’s ideas for how the world should look, the US sought after having their influence in all
There were many politicians that were in the office during the Cold War, but the ones that caused the end of the Cold War and the Soviet Union were Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan. Mikhail Gorbachev was the General Secretary of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991. He affected the Soviet Union by creating many new policies, like the freedom of speech and an improved economic reform. What he did not know what that he was putting together his own downfall. With the freedom of speech the citizens were able to criticise the communist government and Mikhail Gorbachev which lead to more people going against the communist government. That led to the end Soviet Union Gorbachev also tried to strengthen his relationship with Ronald Reagan by signing the INF (intermediate Nuclear Forces Arm Limitation) treaty in 1987. This treaty was a treaty between the Soviet Union and U.S.A. which stated that they both most dispose of all their nuclear missiles. That was how Gorbachev caused the Cold War to come to an end. Gorbachev also was voted to be the executive president of a new Congress of People’s Deputies in 1989. This new cong...