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Effects of tourism on Thailand
Impacts of tourism development
Tourism development: a blessing or a curse
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The economy of Thailand solely dependence on the growths of SMEs that include manufacturing, retai, and tourism. In this present day and as well the effect of globalization had encouraged investors to flood the Thailand’s market, thus, causing intense competition among various producers, suppliers of goods and services (Srikanjanarak, Omar & Ramayah, 2007; Wongsuchat & Ngamyan, 2014). Evidence from the statistics given by Wongsuchat and Ngamyan (2014), Thailand is one of the world most leisure destination with consistency tourist arrival rate of 7.8% over the last five years. Similarly, a report by Fernquest (2016) argued that tourism in the country acclaimed for 10% of the country’s GDP.
The influx of foreign of foreign investors as argued by Pietrobelli and Saliola (2007) is regarded as an international trade that contributes to economic growth. From the report posted on Worldbank webpage (2016), the economic boom in Thailand over the last thirty (30) years and its continuous sustainability causes poverty rate decrease from 67% to 11% meaning that more jobs were being created. Moreover, the economic boom in Thailand is because of weak importation and strong production and exportation of produced materials to other countries resulting from the effectiveness of SMEs operation (Asian Development Bank “ADB”, 2016;
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Thus, the issue there now is not just about selling a mere product but selling value that is worth buying. Conferring the view of some marketing scholars; a study by Yang, Wu and Wang (2010) thus, argued relationship value has a direct link to purchase intention among two out of the three countries surveyed. In another sense, the findings prove the influence of culture on relation value creation (Samaha et al.,
The Singapore government attracts foreign business to invest in the country by offering trade agreement practices and their open economy. The advantage of having foreign business
Socio- cultural factors consists of language, ethics, religion, values and customer perceptions. It deeply affects t...
The overall industry saw a strong boom rate from 2010-2014. The global hotels & motels industry had total revenues of $677.1bn in 2014, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% between 2010 and 2014. In comparison, the Asia-Pacific and US industries grew with CAGRs of 6.6% and 5% respectively, over the same period, to reach respective values of $163.7bn and $166.2bn in 2014(Global Hotels & Motels 7). The reason for this growth is due to the Asia-Pacific Region and Americas. The US alone with its world’s largest hotels/market has conquered net value growth, while China has literally doubled the revenue in the same time span. The leisure segment
First is the language communication problem. Thai is the official language of Thailand, all Thai laws and regulations are written in Thai, and this brings difficulties to foreign investors. And in local culture, people generally emphasis on the status and relationships, so it will increase the foreign investment in intangible costs.
Located in Southeast Asia, Thailand has become a well-known destination to many travelers since the early stage of mass tourism. The boost of tourism in Thailand started with Vietnam War where Thailand became a popular destination for the rest and recreation of US military. Since then the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) was established as an official organization to promote the country’s tourism (McDowall & Wang, 2009). Despite a lot of world external factors negatively affected Thailand tourism such as Gulf War 1991, Asia Financial Crisis 1997, SARS 2003 and Tsunami 2004, the overall number of tourists was increasing due to the quick response of the government to the needs of tourism industry and the effect of targeted promotional campaigns (Zhang, Qu & Tavitiyaman, 2009). According to TAT (2014), the international tourist arrivals increased over 333 times from 0.08 million in 1960 to 26.7 million in 2013. And in the same period, tourism revenue rose from US$10 million to US$38 billion. Although Thailand hosted a significant number of tourists and gained a lot of revenue from tourism, Thailand also suffered from negative effects such as AIDS, negative image of sex tourism (Li & Zhang, 1997), degradation of the environment (Koont...
Both from the customer and the company point of view, each customer interaction is part of an iterative learning process (Ballantyne, 2004). Further, Yau et al. (2000) advocated that the relationships between business firms and its customers have been constantly encouraged as successful business practices worldwide. The strategy of relationship marketing is of high relevance particularly in the service industries because of the intangible nature of service and their high level of customer interaction (Al-Hersh, Aburoub, & Saaty, 2014). Relationship marketing is defined as the process of engaging in proactively creating, developing and maintaining committed, interactive and profitable exchanges with targeted customers (Haker, 1999). Furthermore, Gronroos (1990) asserted that relationship marketing is to establish, maintain, enhance and commercialise customer relationship so that the objectives of the parties involved are met which can be done by a mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises. Moreover, the implementation of the relationship marketing concept at the operational level refers to relationship marketing orientation (Hau & Ngo, 2012). Relationship marketing orientation indicates the firms’ philosophy of doing business concerning relationship building by propagating developing trust, empathy, bonding, and reciprocity between a firm and its customers (Sin et al., 2005a, b; Tse et al., 2004). Trust is an important element for a successful relationship between the firm and its customers (Berry, 1995). First, trust is an essential component for a successful relationship between the firm and its customers (Berry, 1995). Trust It refers to a willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence (Morgan & Hunt, 1994). Empathy, as a dimension of business relationship, enables the two parties to see the situation from
In an article called Cultural Factor Highly Influences On Consumers & Their Buying Behavior – In Indian Context, the basic characteristics of culture are described:
The economies like Mauritius, Carribean Nations, Maldives as well as the Cyprus have identified the Tourism as their primary industry to sustain the economy. We all know that Business Tourism generates more Per Capita Revenue in comparison to what is being generated Per Capita by the Leisure Tourists. The Business Tourism has been furthur divided in the specialised type of the MIC...
Globalization is defined as the act of creating connections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia.
Saikat Banerjee, (2008) “Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural Values and marketing implications. An analysis”, cross cultural management: An Internationa Journal.
Sukar, A., Ahmed, S., & Hassan, S. (n.d.). THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. Southwestern Economic Review.
“Tourism sector plays key role in economic development.” Economics. Radio the Voice of Vietnam. 2004
The political crisis has affect Thailand long term growth potential. In addition, the exports and the infrastructure spending plan in Thailand has been staying weak and the domestic demand is also become low. This has directly cause the foreign stop investing in the industries. The outlook for Thailand’s economy is harsher now. The state agency in Thailand cut its yearly expansion prediction to 3.8 percent from4.3%. The export growth target is also decreases from 7.6% to
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
At the present time, one of the inseparable parts of the economic growth is considered as tourism industry. Commonly, tourism is the movement of people to other places for business or leisure purposes as well as covers their activities. Holloway and Humphreys defines that the places where tourists come and spend their money are called as “tourist destinations” in other words “receiving areas”. Many countries have been improving tourism to overcome economic difficulties since it is growing fast. The industry activities have been demonstrated a general positive trend in the economy and it has already become the inherent part of economic development. In host countries, tourism has led to such positive consequences as the improved infrastructure,