Globalization And Migration Essay

Nowadays, the words globalization and migration are very usual nearly for any person. We hear them via mass media; we learn them at universities etc. The main question which is very popular now is to determine, is there any relations and interactions between migration and globalization, and how do they interact between each-other?

Globalization- is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture (1). Due to Robert Cox, “The characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North, the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes,

Digitalized technology has accelerated the speed of automation. Globalization allows corporate firms to localize economic activities in different countries and regions, by providing them advantages of local labor supply and market conditions. Secondly, one of the global world trends today is the formation of international institutions and their activity; like European Union (EU), North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - one if their main aim is to promote freer trade among countries within the integrated region. Additionally, the Word Trade Organization, which was founded in 1995 as General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) pursues one key policy and makes member countries to behave in compatibility with the principle of free trade. Via the activity of such kind of international organizations the rapid growth of the market economy and world trade has motivated regional and national economies to demolish barriers of trade by integrating transnational trading zones for catching a larger share of the world market. Therefore, economic globalization not only helps to expand the market economy but also helps to establish a universal framework

Four major areas of change in world migration are evident under globalization. 1) Shifts in Source and Destination Regions

Being a traditional emigration source, Europe has changed into a net receiver of international migration. Europe was a main source of out-migration, in 19-20 centuries, especially to North America. However, in the decades after the Second World War, emigration from Europe has slowed down, the reason of it was the economic reconstruction of Europe after the war and the corresponding rise in demand for skilled workers.

Due to data on the global migrant population in the first decade of the 21st century show that Latin America, Asia and Africa have a net migration loss, whereas Oceania, mainly Australia and New Zealand, North America and Europe have a substantial net gain (Figure 1).

When the migrant population of each region is compared in terms of its proportional population weight, it becomes clear that the migrant or immigrant population accounts for a much larger share of the population in North America, Oceania and Europe than Asia and Africa. The data show that migration in the global era tends to be from less developed regions to more developed regions of the world, and the immigrant population carries a larger population weight in the more developed than less developed regions of the