Globalization And Diversity In The United States

1. Identify and discuss the ways in which globalization has impacted diversity within the United States.

According to Hanser and Gomila (2015), “Globalization is the process by which societies, cultures, and economics around the world have become integrated due to advances in communication and transportation technology, as well as the passage of laws and treaties that facilitate this integration” (p. 7). The concepts of globalization have impacted small, medium and large businesses in the United States. Globalization has influenced the way leaders think, make decisions, and lead their organization. We are surrounded by super information highways and modern technology, which makes it easier and accessible to conduct business across nations.

Globalization has impacted diversity within the United States. Globalization not only brought advantages to a workplace, but it also facilitated crime and immigration activities (legal and illegal). The term diversity has varied meanings, and “there are a multiplicity of perspectives from which one can approach the notion of diversity because they are all valid yet unique in many respects” (Hanser & Gomila, 2015, p. 2). Hanser and Gomila believed the term diversity is subjected to diverse forms of meanings; therefore they prefer to use the term culture diversity. Hanser and Gomila (2015) referred culture diversity to a “concept whereby the history, beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, and values of racial and/or ethnic groups are what make them distinct” (p. 5). Private and public sectors of the government can benefit from a diverse workplace because their employees can bring leadership skills, talents, team building skills, intelligence, and innovative perspectives that can foster organizational needs. Cultural diversity in a workplace could also create various challenges in an organization due to cultural and religious differences; therefore, leaders must develop employee training programs to ensure tasks and goals are accomplished.
Due to technological advancements, globalization, and cultural changes in the 21st century, law enforcement organizations in the United States has evolved tremendously with advanced equipment and software, which helped made police work more effective and efficient. Hanser and Gomila (2015) noted, “The criminal justice system does not operate in a social vacuum; rather, it is directly impacted by this sense of rapid and continual cultural change” (p. 7). In light of globalization, law enforcement organizations must change the way it operates in a world where criminal activities and terrorism are more geographically diverse and sophisticated. That being said, law enforcement organizations must be multifaceted by:
Increasing minority hiring and sensitivity training for police working in immigrant communities, exchange with personnel from other countries, interagency task forces concerned with specific types of crime, increased awareness in the court and corrections system, and bi-and multilateral cooperation and treaty insurgents (Schiller et al., 2000, p. 2). Police agencies must develop positive rapport and channels of communication with diverse communities in order to achieve goals and avoid conflicts. Racism, discrimination, and miscommunication have been the cause of countless police shootings in this past month. Police leaders must find innovative methods to collaborate with Black communities and stop all of these pointless police killings.
2. Discuss the various challenges faced by the criminal justice system due to the rapid social changes in the United States.
The issue of immigration is one of the various challenges faced by the criminal justice system and in advanced economies. Hanser and Gomila (2015) noted, “In states such as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, there has been a substantial back lash for citizens of the United States toward persons migrating to the U.S. whether legally or illegally” (p. 8). Most immigrants leave their countries in hopes for better economic opportunities and high demands for low-skilled jobs (Hanser & Gomila, 2015). Studies from Hanser and Gomila (2015) indicate that Mexican immigrants, legal or illegal, accounts for the largest influx of persons in the United States (p. 8). The cause of and effects of illegal immigration would be too broad of a topic to examine; therefore, this question will focus particularly on crime and illegal immigration.
Numerous opinions have been made regarding the issue of illegal immigration, and whether it is the primary cause of violent crimes in America.

According to Spenkuch (2010), “Immigrants from Mexico commit between 3.5 and 5 times as many crimes as the average native, while all other immigrants commit less than half as many crimes as natives, or even more” (p. 15). In opposition, statistics from the 2010 Census Bureau revealed “incarceration rates among the young, less-educated Mexican, Salvadorian, and Guatemalan men who make up the bulk of the unauthorized population are significantly lower than the incarceration rate among native-born young men without a high school diploma” (American Immigration Council, 2015. p.

1).
Statistical data and research studies may indicate that illegal immigrants contribute a vast majority of crimes in the U.S; however, concluding that all illegal immigrants are criminals is an invalid statement. Immigrants (legal or illegal) believe they are faced with disparity among white Americans and the criminal justice system. Individuals who see immigrants as burglars, robbers, or drug dealers will contribute more hatred and discrimination in our society. Police officers must not conduct their duties and make judgment calls with personal biases; furthermore, their biases can also impede their neutrality throughout the investigation.
Studies from Spenkuch (2010) revealed higher crime rates from Mexican immigrants; however, police officers are “limited in their ability to arrest without a warrant, and are prohibited from racial profiling to affect an arrest” (p. 10). According to Peak (2012), “Legal abuse and civil rights violations consist of police actions that violate citizens’ constitutional or statutory rights. This abuse usually involves false arrest, false imprisonment, and harassment” (p. 112). In the Ortega-Melendres v. Arpaio court decision, the Latino community had filed a law suit against the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office for discrimination and intentional racial profiling. A federal court cited Sheriff Arpaio for authorizing his deputies to detain people based on their appearance, and emphasized on the racial characteristics of individuals who have the look of a Mexican illegal (Feder, 2012). Mexican immigrants who have committed criminal offenses in the United States will be prosecuted and punished to the fullest extent of the law.
The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), is an enforcement act that permits deportation of illegal immigrants who commit crimes. The U.S government has also utilized the IIRIRA as a security strategy to track foreign visitors after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack (McCabe & Meissner, 2010). The IIRIRA have developed rules of deportation for unauthorized immigrants, whom has been prosecuted and convicted for theft offenses and serious violent crimes (Hanser & Gomila, 2015). According to the American Immigration Council (2013), “Local police now play an increasingly active role in immigration enforcement. Consequently, even relatively minor offenses can result in a person being detained in immigration custody and deported, often with no hope of ever returning to the United States” (p. 3). Granting that immigration law is civil in nature, criminal activities that are committed by immigrants could cause them to be deported.
3. Are Americans inherently ethnocentric? Do Americans always believe their culture is better than everyone else’s? Why or why not?
By definition, ethnocentric is “Characterized by or based on the attitude that one's own group or culture is superior or more important than others” (Merriam-Webster, 2015).

Orey and Park (2012) conducted a study on high school seniors and their parents, and examined their levels of ethnocentrism (p. 71). The authors concluded that there is a correlation between the parents’ ethnocentrism and their children’s ethnocentrism. The author revealed that “ethnocentrism seems to have more to do with genetic inheritance than with social learning” (Orey & Park, 2012, p. 72). Orey and Park (2012) further states, “The genetic similarity theory posits that genetically similar people gravitate toward one another and work to maintain supportive environments through various institutions and networks, including marriage, friendships, and social groups” (p. 72). Similarly, Marger (2011) believed that an ethnocentric thought “Naturally leads to the idea that ethnic groups must be kept socially and, especially, physically apart. To encourage social integration is to encourage physical integration, which, it follows, contributes to the degeneration of the superior group” (p. 26). Ethnocentrism occurs in every ethnic group and

religions.
The United States is a powerful and wealthy country with state of the art technology, military weaponry, telecommunications, social networks, healthcare/medical, automobile engineering, and aerospace. The United States is competent they are on top of the totem pole, and no other nation is as powerful as they are. U.S. military forces is seen in almost every continent, and they are known as the “world’s policeman”. American citizens argued that the U.S