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Polarization in US politics
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The influence of media on policy
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Rhetoric, or the art of persuasion as defined by Aristotle, remains one of the most useful skills to master in life. It not only proves to be useful when formally writing an argument of some sort, but rhetoric also permeates the daily lives of every human being in his/ her communication skills, vocabulary, decision making, and much more. When specifically delivering a message as a fitting response to a rhetorical opportunity through speaking, writing, or some other means of broadcast, the speaker almost always keeps a rhetorical audience in mind to influence or change. For James M. Perrin, his fitting response “Children in Poverty” responded to the op-ed column “Progress in the War on Poverty”, written by Nicholas Kristof. The New York Times published both pieces in their newspaper and website. The rhetor’s argument consisted of the assertion that too many children currently suffer in the face of poverty and that budget cuts to federal support systems harm the potential for these children to succeed in life. Perrin aimed to persuade the readers of the New York Times, in particular, those that maintain a very weak political stance who can be persuaded towards democratic perspectives, and elected officials that possess the power to create change in the country. According to the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, political demographics of the New York Times assure that 68% of readers have little to no political views. Therefore, a great potential exists for Perrin to persuade a large amount of people that remain in the middle of certain beliefs. Furthermore, only 13% of readers maintain right wing views while 44% remain self-identified Democrats. This statistic proves to be beneficial for the author due to the fact th... ... middle of paper ... ...to simply presenting his assertions, he also suggests a solution that his readers could support through political participation, whether it be voting a certain way for a candidate, or taking a stance on a bill. The text suggests that Perrin knew his audience well, calling out not only to common readers of the New York Times with no political stance, but also those who possessed the ability to take direct action in Washington, elected officials. The author’s use of statistics and current events to influence readers proved to be entirely valid. Perrin’s long history of leadership as a pediatrician served as the most solid source of ethos he could possibly provide in this situation. Lastly his genuine concern and vision for a better future for the children of America completed the rhetorical formula that deserves recognition for its solid composition and thoroughness.
When attempting to convince other to view an issue from a different standpoint, there are multiple different rhetorical strategies that can be utilized in order to effectively do so. In the article “Not by Math Alone,” by Sandra Day O’Connor and Roy Romer, the authors argue that school systems today lack the education needed to prepare students to take part in their government. O’Connor and Romer use a variety of persuasive techniques, including establishing credibility and presenting facts and evidence, to get the audience to see how rare civic learning is and why it is important for students to learn about these things. The authors instill trust in the audience as they provide information from credible sources that supports their purpose.
When analyzing the arguments of both Michael Moore’s “Idiot Nation” and John Taylor Gatto’s “Against School”, their most distinct aspect is the tone in which their arguments are presented. Moore’s informal writing invokes a reaction within the reader. He capitalizes entire sentences to make them appear louder and draw attention. How can referring to a president as an “Idiot-in-Chief” not elicit a certain emotion within the reader? Moore is a well-known activist who is quite aware of popularity and infamy. His words are not an attempt to persuade dissenters to his side, but rather to appeal to the emotions of his supporters and drive them to action. Whereas Gatto writes in a formal but understandable language that appeals to the intelligence of parents and children alike regardless of their view of public education. It is notably free of exclamation marks as well as the jargon associated with educators. The voice used plays a key role in the techniques and tools each arguer uses to convince their intended audience to take action.
Buying media slots for candidates, which used to be a small business just over half a century ago, has grown so that these companies manage “more than $170 billion of their clients’ campaign funds” (Turow 230). This fact about the growth of such an industry should at a minimum raise an eyebrow, as it characterizes the shift and importance this data analysis has become. It also serves as an important point because it fuels the common fear of corruption in politics, as this data essentially offers a window to the responses and how people think to what politicians say. This could lead to the next phase of the “polished politician” where candidates will say statements that statistically receive favorable responses from the population. This strong pathos is a central pillar of the argument Turow is trying to make, effectively playing the emotion of pity from the hypothetical family situation, and building it into a fear of the system and establishment. Such emotions are strong motivators, and this combination encourages the reader to take action, or at the very least inform someone they know about such issues they weren’t even aware were
Have you ever listened to a speech after a tragedy that was so good, that it affected you and even though something traumatic happened it helped you feel better? That indeed is a style of speaking called rhetoric. Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing, and the art of persuasion. Many people are not able to speak and convey that art of rhetoric that helps with grief or sentiment. Today, I will show you an example of two different speeches delivered after tragedies, by two of our nation’s presidents. The first, President Obama’s address to the nation after Sandy Hook Elementary Shooting and the other Ronald Reagan’s address after The Space shuttle “Challenger” tragedy.
Throughout the passage, Florence Kelley uses a variety of rhetorical strategies to collectively and deliberately get to the point regarding limits on child labor and improvements for the working women. The use of rhetorical devices target both her specific and indirect audience by appealing to her audience’s logical and emotional senses. By writing in a combination of facts and evidence with emotional appeal to draw her audience, Kelley delivers her message effectively and successfully using emotional appeal and logical reasoning as the vehicle to her message of child labor and improvements for working women.
Lincoln's style in this speech was inevitably persuasive. His rhetorical strategy appeals to not only the readers senses, but to their intellectual knowledge as w...
Rhetoric is something that we use constantly in our everyday life. Unbeknown to us, we have been using the persuasive appeals of pathos, ethos and logos even for the most mundane things. Rhetoric can be seen everywhere in our everyday’s lives in form of media, religion, politics, government propaganda, historic references and social media. We should learn to identify and appropriately use the different categories of rhetoric expressions in an effective manner. Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing in order to convince the audience or the reader. It is sued to convince the audience to think in the same way as the arguer or the presenter.
...ted skein of immigration policy in America by words alone. Despite that after careful analysis we the readers can more fully understand an issue and potentially come to expanded schemas, we are left with the conclusion that social issues are rarely easy to answer. In our history, rhetoric has been transformative. The power of a well-worded speech or essay to suddenly shift the direction of discourse is very real. Though we were not there, we remember Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream”, and John F. Kennedy’s “Ich bin ein Berliner” because they were coups of emotion, logic, and ethos. But sometimes such moments never come in a debate. Rhetoric is not always revolutionary; it can also be petty, insubstantial, or merely ignored. Although logic demands answers and emotion is sated by tidy conclusions, they are rarely forthcoming.
Many people have no interest in current events in the world or even their own country, and are more concerned about matters that are more trivial, and even if they were to pay a deal of attention, common news sources are often biased and don’t release information that would hurt a certain cause. It is in this way that the citizens are kept igno...
When analyzing rhetorical texts and sources, one must weigh one source against others who have made similar or opposite arguments and the relative strength of that argument. In his 2007 article “Confronting Inequality,” Paul Krugman uses a textual medium and hard facts in an attempt to persuade his audience. In the 2013 documentary Inequality for All, director Jacob Kornbluth opts for a more visual approach to persuade his audience. In his 2014 article, “Inequality Has Been Going on Forever… but That Doesn’t Mean It’s Inevitable,” David Leonhardt writes in a textual medium but opts for analogies to help the audience interpret his point. All three of these works are aimed to persuade their individual but similar audiences. The audiences are more or less educated people who have an idea of the existence of income inequality and social inequality. This essay will analyze the innate distinctions between the chosen media, the relative strength and weaknesses of each source, and the effectiveness of each to persuade an intended audience member.
Through manipulation and lies, media manages to modify objective news into biased news in order to convince the public of what the media wants them to believe. The article, “How the Media Twist the News”, by Sheila Gribben Liaugminas discusses the major influence that news has on readers based on their choice of stories and words. “How the Media Twists the News” has borrowed from multiple other texts such as the books like Public Opinion and Liberty and News, news magazine writers such as Ruderman, and news networks like CBS through Bias, A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News and CNN to make her arguments valid and prove that the news is biased and that it does influence readers significantly because of it.
The mainstream model of liberal journalism believes that it’s practices result in stories that are an accurate reflection of reality, journalist believe they simply hold a mirror up to society (Louw, 2010). In constructing a story, spin team must have an insight on how the society believe nowadays, and it’s not only to just follow that believe, but give society an option to consider another belief. Therefore the spin team need to understand their audience first, what is the best tool they can use as a strategy, how to talk with those audience, generate comprehensive media knowledge and the ability to spin current perspective. The public relations / spin industry is geared to planting stories in the media by using journalists to disseminate stories serving the spin doctors agenda (Louw, 2010). Nowadays, in developing a campaign, the role of spin team is very powerful. It’s not about how well the messages received to the public or remembered but becoming a share worthy and meaningful messages that shows empathy as well as emotionally attached with everyone. The Dove “real beauty” campaign shows a successful role of spin team, the...
Clark (2016) suggests that rhetoric isn’t limited to oral communication, but currently has a permanent foothold in written works: magazine or newspaper excerpts, novels, and scientific reports. Not only written
Nicholas Kristof, a columnist for the New York Times, is very straightforward in his expression of his opinions in his writing. Kristof's awareness of his audience and his connection with them allows him to present his ideas and opinions in a way that is compelling and understandable. Kristof is sure to tie in every detail and end his arguments by addressing his audience specifically. Although Nicholas Kristof creates many effective arguments through his use of witness accounts and real-life situations, his over employment of pathos leads his audience to question his objectivity due to his emotional connection to his argument.
Sabato, Larry J. Feeding Frenzy: Attack Journalism and American Politics. Baltimore: Lanahan Publishers, Inc., 1991.