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Campbell biology vol 1 giraffe
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Giraffes evolution essay
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The earliest ancestors of the giraffe were the Samotherium major. This animal was similar to a giraffe it just had shorter legs and a shorter neck. It looked more like a deer. It lived in the open woodlands of Eurasia. The trees in that are were getting taller so it was harder for them to eat. The food on the ground was also scarce so that made it even harder to get food. They kept reaching their necks higher and higher. The males could have had a genetic mutation that made their neck longer which made them stronger. Then the females wouldn’t be able too get their food as easily so they couldn’t survive. When they breed the males genetic pattern would get passed on to their offspring. Or instead of their necks growing it could have been their legs. Their legs grew which gave them more height to eat the leaves off of the other trees. Or it could have been a combonation of both their neck and their legs which made it even easier to reach the trees. Giraffes didn’t always look like girrafes. They’ve gone through many changes. There’s the okapi it was much smaller than the giraffe now. It had a way shorter neck and shorter legs. It is brown in color and it’s legs ressemble the pattern of a zebras. It looks sort of like a deer with a …show more content…
It lived in modernday Kenya. They did have antlers like a deer it’s body shape was like a deer also just a little taller. These animals grew to be four feet tall. This species lived fifteen million years ago in the in the miocene epoch. There was also the giraffa jumae which was most likely the direct ancestor to the modernday giraffe. They grew about one foot taller than giraffes today though. It lived thirteen million years ago. It looks almost exactly like a modernday giraffe. Except it’s spots were bigger and covered most of its hair. Its horns were also slanted back more and not sticking straight up like giraffes todays
...silophodon, a small, agile bipedal herbivore. The Ceratopsians appeared at beginning of cretaceous period from the family Ornithopoda. Pachycephalosaurs contained a ten inch thick skull, which was actually fairly fragile, and their first line of self defense would be to run away. Ceratopsians, which mean horned face, are large beasts with horns that can defend themselves pretty well. Both were very similar, but contained distinct differences.
Not only are giraffes the tallest animals in the world, they are also one of the most recognizable. Their characteristic long necks quickly captivate any audience. That being said, it is not commonly known that there are thought to be nine subspecies of Giraffa camelopardalis. In fact, there is increasing evidence that these could potentially be separate species in their own right. This paper will discuss where giraffes fit in the Tree of Life and identify the giraffe’s closest relatives, differentiate and analyze the similarities and differences between the nine subspecies, and, finally, explore any debate revolving around the phylogeny of the subspecies.
The text “The Domesticity of Giraffes” is a poem written by Judith Beveridge. It is based upon the concept of caging animals, specifically giraffes, and the negative effects of keeping animals in captivity.
C. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. “Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash Ethiopia,” Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Nature 412, 178-181 (12 July 2001) C. Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Grass made up their environment around which they traveled mostly on all fours, on their feet and their knuckles. They stood erect on two feet to walk when using their hands to carry something. I wasn’t surprised to see that there was an enormous termite mound in the middle of their habitat because I had read about it in the anthropology textbook, and how chimps are adept tool users in that they not only construct them, but also use them strategically. With these tools, they reach into the termite hillock and seek out and ingest their newfound grub.
With a 99.6% genetic similarity to Chimpanzees , the physical appearance of Bonobos is very similar to them. The length of the legs, in proportion to the arms, Bonobo’s dark faces, pink lips, and more slender stature are just some of the cosmetic differences between them and Chimpanzees. Bonobos are notorious for their bipedalism, walking upright. Granted Chimpanzees can preform bipedalism when needed, but do not match the ease and grace of the Bonobo. With their habitat staying more constant, sense the forma...
The "White-Tailed Deer." Ccontario.org. Cornell University, 2001. http://www.cnu.edu/item/cnu Web. The Web.
Australopithecus afarensis existed between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. The distinctive characteristics of A. afarensis were: a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, no chin, more humanlike teeth, pelvis and leg bones resembled those of modern man. Females were smaller than males. Their sexual dimorphism was males:females; 1.5. A. afarensis was not as sexually dimorphic as gorillas, but more sexually dimorphic than humans or chimpanzees. A lot of scientists think that Australopithecus afarensis was partially adapted to climbing the trees, because the fingers and toe bones of the species were curved and longer than the ones of the modern human.
Planned Parenthood federation of America (PPFA), is widely known as Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood is a non-profit organization that provides reproductive healthcare and family planning services. Planned Parenthood is the nation 's leading sexual and reproductive health care provider and advocate (Planned). Planned Parenthood receives federal funding from the government to help practice the services they provide, but some groups believe that funding this organization is morally wrong. Specifically, in the recent Republican Presidential debates, defunding Planned Parenthood and Abortion rights have been the central topic. However if the government were to move forward with the defunding
1.9 million years ago, Homo Habilis of East Africa had evolved into an entirely new species known as Homo erectus. Homo erectus directly translates to "Upright man" and for good reason. One of largest anatomical advancements of Homo erectus was their arm and leg bones which were very similar in shape and proportions to that of modern day humans. "Their legs would have made Homo erectus efficient long distance runners like modern humans."(Dennis). Along with their longer more developed legs, Homo erectus's leg were also hairless which allowed them to evaporate sweat and thus be more efficient at not overheating. This advantage allowed Homo erectus to chase down four legged mammals to the point of heat exhaustion and thus drastically increase the efficiency their hunting tactics. Another change in the legs of Homo erectus was their slightly more narrow pelvises. This forced the size of a child’s head to be smaller at birth and undergo most of its development during childhood. (Dennis)
Austalopithicus meaning “southern ape” was the first specimen to be found. The Austalopithicus was found in African and was know to have lived from 4.2 to around 1.0 million years ago (Standford 251). They had a small body like an ape that would get approximately 64 to around 100 pounds. They had a big jaw with a U-shaped mouth of small teeth. The brain size of a Australopithicus was small and would get approximately 340 to 500 cc, which is in the same range as gorillas and chimpanzees brain sizes. The top of their skull was of a bony ridge. They were able to walk on their two feet and had a small pelvis. The Australopithecus were found with stone tools, which made them the first stone tool makers.
To my left is the African mammal exhibit. There are so many different creatures displayed, ranging from desert to rainforest. Some of the animals that are displayed are the Arabian Oryx, Savanna Elephant, Spotted Hyena, Hippopotamus and Okapi. When you browse these exhibits you are able to study and learn detailed information. I learned that due to human encroachment, many of these animals are extremely rare and their original environments no longer exist in the world....
The fossil record of horses extends back to an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae, a dog-like ancestor 55 to 42 million years ago in the genus Hyracotherium in North America. Hyracotherium had a primitively little face , four-toed forefeet, three-toed hind feet, an arched back, small brain, and higher hindquarters than forehand. Later genus has increased in body size, brain complexity, the size of cheek teeth, lengthening of the face, and reduction of toe number. However, even though horses got larger over time but these trends are not seen in all of the horse lines. Genus such as Hipparion existed from 23 to 2 million years ago, showed gains in size, But some later genus such as Archeohippus, and Calippus got smaller again (Boundless, 2016),(Encyclopedia of Life,2015), (equineworld.co.uk, 2014), (Molen, M.
According to Britannica Encyclopædia, Australopithecus anamensis lived in Kenya between 4.2 million and 3.9 million years ago. A. afarensis lived in eastern Africa between 3 and 4 million years ago. This australopithecine had a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees. Some had canine teeth more sticking out than those of later hominines. No tools of any kind have been found with A. afarensis fossils.