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The theory of evolution pdf
Theories on the occurence of evolution
Theory of evolution
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Genesis, the Gospel, and Theistic Evolution
Introduction
Humans have asked questions about their origin and their purpose on earth for eons. The Bible tells humans that God created them and explains their purpose. However, since the Renaissance, humanism answers questions about origins by naturalistic means and science has been redefined in the process. Most institutions of higher education and many individuals have adopted the naturalistic theory of evolution to explain human origin without considering its effects on faith. In contrast to prevailing thought at Goshen College, a literal six-day creation is foundational to the Gospel message. Combining evolution and Christianity makes one’s faith less logical and opens one’s science to new quandaries.
Theistic Evolution: A Definition
Before delving into the problems with theistic evolution, let us define it. Theistic evolution rejects the Christian tradition of interpreting the creation days as having been normal 24-hour days. It insists that only naturalistic mechanisms be considered when considering creation and the origin of life. Theistic evolutionists believe that humans and all other life forms evolved from a bacterial precursor in the distant past. For theistic evolutionists, naturalistic science carries precedence over the Word of God. However, in order to justify Christian faith, theistic evolution allows for the supernatural in order to explain New Testament miracles. In Biology Through the Eyes of Faith, theistic evolutionist Richard Wright explains that theistic evolutionists rearrange the first chapters of Genesis into topical sections instead of interpreting them in a straightforward manner (2003, p. 92). He argues that the chr...
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...(1995). The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. Vintage Books: New York.
Wright, Richard. (2003). Biology Through the Eyes of Faith. HarperCollins: San Francisco.
[1] This problem with the theory of evolution was addressed by Stephen Jay Gould and other evolutionists. They postulated the punctuated equilibrium theory of evolution, which does not predict the numerous fossils predicted by the orthodox theory of evolution.
[2] It may be noted that some people have objected to the apostle Paul’s assertion that death first came to earth when Adam sinned on the grounds that animals and humans ate plants. Therefore, plants died before Adam sinned. However, this objection ignores the biblical definition of death. Death is repeatedly defined as being the spilling of blood in the Bible. Consequently, these objections are invalidated.
Throughout the world there are various cultures with varying religions and creation stories to explain the creation of the Earth and it’s inhabitants. Of these creation stories two with similar and also different characteristics is the Creation story in the book of Genesis which is a part of the 1st Testament in the Hebrew Bible and explains the creation of Earth and humans, and the Theogony which is the greek creation story that describes the origins of the Earth and the Greek Gods. Both the Theogony and the Creation in Genesis show nature as a blessing for humans but it can also affect them negatively, However the myths differ in the ways that the Earth and humans were created and how humans interact with the deities of the creation stories.
Transition: Last year the federal minimum wage celebrated its 75th birthday last week as part of the federal 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act. The Act banned child labor, set a 44 hour maximum workweek, and guaranteed a minimum wage of 25 cents an hour. (Hitzik) Since then Congress has raised the rate 23 times. (USDOL)
A lot of people, Christians and non-Christians alike often question the accuracy of the theory of evolution. Those who express doubts about the theory are often labelled “unscientific” or “backwards” by some in the pro-evolution camp. At times, the popular perception of evolution seems to be that it has been proven beyond all doubt and there are no scientific obstacles left for it. In fact, there are quite a few scientific flaws in the theory that provide many reasons for it to be doubted. It is true though, none of these questions necessarily disproves evolution, but they do show how the theory is less than settled.
The conflict in Darfur was caused by a rebellion. The people of Darfur felt neglected and took up arms against the government in an effort to gain more recognition. The most disturbing part of this story might just be how extreme the government’s reaction to this rebellion was. This act of rebellion
The government of Sudan is responsible for 'ethnic cleansing' and crimes against humanity in Darfur, which is located on Sudan's western border with Chad (. The Sudanese government, along with the Arab 'Janjaweed' militias they arm and support, have attacked the civilians of the African Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups. These attacks involved massacres, summary executions of civilians, burnings of towns and villages, and the forceful depopulation of Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa land. The militia, Muslim like the African groups, have destroyed many religious artifacts including the desecrated Qorans that belong to their enemies (Human Rights Watch, 2004, p. 5).
A lasting political situation is needed to guarantee the rights and security of the Darfuris. People of your position can make a difference. Don’t keep this topic in secret; make sure that the Darfuri genocide is in the media and people of power (like yourself) talk about it. I suggest to call it the Darfur genocide in place of Darfuri crisis because stating it as a genocide brings the issue more attention and may convince other nations to take it more seriously. Many agree that we enforce the UN’s proposed no-fly zone over Darfur to prevent the Sudanese government from bombing its own citizens. More effective methods include freezing the financial assets of the people controlling the genocide, enforce a travel ban on leading members of military and officials, and close down international accounts of businesses owned by the Sudanese state and military personnel. These will cause the people enforcing genocide to be less powerful and essentially put them on the same level as the people they are prosecuting. It is harder to persecute people that are similar to you, and depriving the ‘masterminds’ of this genocide of less luxuries might just do the trick. Most importantly, the international community should demand comprehensive peace plan for not only Darfur, but all of Sudan. These actions will cause a
Bootleggers supplied speakeasies with alcohol. They were responsible for bringing the shipments of alcohol to th...
With a population of 6,000,000 people in it Darfur has seen 300,000 die and 3,000,000 people being displaced from their homes. Some of the people that have been displaced from their homes have moved into squalid camps or neighbor
The Darfur conflict is legally classified as genocide under the Statute of the International Criminal court because there was intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. The intent to destroy a racial group is shown by claims that the Janjawid would yell “Masalit! Nuba! Kill them all!”, which are racial epithets. The Janjawid had similar rhetoric during rapes. The genocide in Darfur has claimed approximately 300,000 lives and displaced over 3 million people. As many as 3.2 million people remain in need of humanitarian assistance, which is more than a third of Darfur’s population. Even with this evidence there is a minority that argues that Darfur is not a genocide because genocidal intent ‘‘beyond reasonable doubt’’ has not been proven. One of the acts covered under crimes against humanity is sexual violence. One example of this used was when “Janjaweed militia wearing government uniforms attack a boarding school in Tawila, Darfur forcing 110 Zaghawa girls to strip naked at gunpoint before conducting multiple rapes and then setting the school on fire.” There were 14 incidents of mass killings in Dar Masalit alone between September 2003 and February 2004, attacks which left as many as 770 dead. The government used cruel tactics of bombing and burning villages, looting economic resources, and murdering, raping and
“The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), the U.S. minimum wage was initially set at $0.25 per hour for covered workers. Since then, it has been raised 22 separate times” (UCDavisCenter.org, n.d., p. 1). States have their own minimum wage laws, however, there are five states in total that have no minimum wage, and those are Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and South Carolina (UCDavisCenter.org, n.d.). There are also four states that have lower wage rates, and in those states the federal wage takes over (UCDavisCenter.org, n.d.), and these states are Wyoming, Minnesota, Georgia, and Arkansas. There are 20 states with their wage set at the federal rate and there are 21 states that have their rates at a higher rate than the federal, with Washington state being among them (UCDavisCenter.org,
They were aided by hired Arab militias known as the Janjaweed, and targeted the “non-Arab black Africans”—minorities of Sudan’s Darfur region. Labeling the Sudanese government’s actions as genocide has been controversial, but the ruthless, one sided killing portrays these human rights violations as a genocide. “Eyewitness accounts describe how Sudanese government forces and Janjaweed militias swept villages on horse or camel back, wielding automatic weapons and firing indiscriminately at civilians. Homes, grain stores, and crops were destroyed, while women, children, and the elderly were whipped, raped, tortured, and, in some cases, ultimately murdered” (ABC Clio). The needless violence of the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed militias shows how this massacre was not just an action of self-defense or fear, but hatred. Not only were the victims killed ruthlessly, but they were also “whipped, raped, and tortured.” The overexertion of violence and the destruction of personal valuables shows how the slaughter of the non-Arabs was deeply rooted and personal. The hatred of minorities in the Darfur region caused the mass slaughter and destruction of the Arab culture. “In the late 1980s, a coalition of Arab nomads initiated attacks against Fur (a tribe) sedentary farmers after the latter began fencing in land” (ABC Clio). When the Fur tribe began to become prosperous from farming their land,
They decided to go against the Arab government. The government, in retaliation did not directly attack these rebellious groups but instead targeted the non-arab tribes in their region, no matter if they were civilians or rebel forces. This is where things go far left. The government then released Arab militias known as the Janjaweed to carry out attacks on villages and communities. The Janjaweed attacks were extremely brutal and violent. These people would kill or severely injure people, burn down homes and villages, steal or burn any food plus livestock and poison water wells. Not only were the Janjaweed attacking these innocent people from the ground, the government would attack civilians from the sky. They would attack these people with aerial bombs causing havoc in villages. (Darfur Genocide) This ongoing conflict going on in Sudan was declared a genocide by the United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on September 9, 2004. Following the on February 18, 2006 President George W. Bush demanded more Darfur international troops. On September 17, 2006 the British Prime Minister Tony Blair wrote a letter to the European Union members calling for a response to the
As we said that the presence of number of institutions and famous political figures in the Bush Administration led Former President Bush and Collin Powel, Former Secretary of State openly to announce the condition in Darfur region to be genocide 9th June, 2004. Therefore activists emerged with the campaign of “Save Darfur” which was supported by the political figures, institutions, and celebrities who were demonstrated in Washington DC on 30th April, 2006 to show their feelings and attention for what was happening in Darfur region. In addition to that Bush administration continuously avowed that defending humanitarian assistance and ultimately brings back peace and stability in the region is the administration’s main concern, but at the same
The first issue encountered when studying the Darfur genocide is determining whether the events in question even amount to genocide. Concerning the mass killing, raping, and pillaging that occurred in southern Sudan applying that internationally feared term was perhaps more difficult than one might imagine. International Organizations such as the United Nations and their constituent divisions originally determined that there was no evidence to support the fact that genocide was indeed taking place. While many scholars have their own definition of genocide, the one that matters is the one that will affect intervention. William Schabas,
...." Darfur Genocide « World Without Genocide - Working to Create a World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2014. .