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Race a biological or social construct
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Race a biological or social construct
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Race is defined as descendants of a common predecessor; one of the diverse variations of the human species. Also, it is define through skin color and how you visualize other people. Race is not biological, but it is a physiological factor that determines people's ability to exist in United States. Racial classifications based on such recognizable characteristics as skin color, hair type, and body proportions. Races aren't equal, but that the question of race lies outside of the linear scale of "inferior" and "superior." This is clearly declining, as bad products often make the most money (Macintosh, American cars, junk food, fast food, cheap heroin), and with this kind of thinking ends the desire of a society to better itself, and it is replaced by a desire to be comfortable during the decline - convenience. Race matters because it is courage for racism and racial discrimination. Race doesn’t matter as a genetic idea. The idea or concept of race is that race is important because of a perception of genetic homogeneity has been thoroughly exposing .Furthermore, race, as a scientific concept, never rested on solid scientific base. Biologically, there are no pure, distinct races. Which is not to say that there may not be bio-chemical differences among individuals. Some of those differences might be closely associated with groups that we categorize by race. For example, in the movie it states that some blacks have an extra muscle which helps them to run faster than other people. If race does not differentiate humans from one another genetically, then why does it matter? Several studies document that "race" has been shaped by cultural, political, ideological and legal functions in society. That is, "race" is a social construct; ... ... middle of paper ... ...constant state of change, interacting with each other and thusly balance the universe. It is because of the strong belief of this universal law, which decides the nature of female and male. This in turn results in the ancient gender stereotypes found throughout history. Men and women take their responsibilities correspondingly according to the separation of the natural characteristics of gender. The gender stereotypes are reflected in various fields, such as marriage, family, politics, and economy. In Asian countries, traditionally, the females role was to be in charge of home matters, such as serving her husband, looking after her children, and performing household chores like cooking and cleaning. This type of female was appreciated as "righteous". Gender is considered being the identity of each individuality and represent each character in a way to be existed.
Culture, Not Race, Explains Human Diversity, Mark Nathan Cohen, Chronicle of Higher Education, April 17, 1998, pp.B4-B5. The term race refers to a biological subdivision of a species. At one time, scientists held that there were as few as three such subdivisions in the species Homo sapiens: Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid. Mark Anthony Cohen points out that this is an antiquated view, yet it lingers as a common belief in society. Mark Nathan Cohen makes an interesting point in his article “Culture, Not Race, Explains Human Diversity”. While the article does deal wholly in the realm of the opinion, it is supported by numerous scientific facts. In fact, Cohen’s usual method of drawing in a reader is to make a blanket statement and then “beef it up” with several scientific facts.
Gender roles have been a predominant factor in our world since the early emergence of human societies whether they are positive or negative. They are based on expectations that societies have over the people in them. The Epic of Sunjata, shows us how men and women are treated almost equally in different forms. Women are praised for their ability to birth leaders, which is similar to the early Greek Society. In most societies, women are treated less equal than men. This was prevalent in the early Indian society. No matter the gender role, it has been shown that any society cannot survive without both men and women.
There is a specific meaning to race and how its role impacts society and shapes the social structures. Race is a concept that “symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies” (Omi & Winant 55). In other words, Omi and Winant get down to the crux of the issue and assert that race is just an illusion. Race is merely seen as an ideological construct that is often unstable and consisting of decentered social meanings. This form of social construction attempts to explain the physical attributes of an individual but it is constantly transformed by political struggles. The rules of classifying race and of identity are embedded into society’s perception. Therefore, race becomes a common function for comprehending, explaining, and acting in the
“Gender” refers to the cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else (Kottak 2013: 209). Typically, based on your gender, you are culturally required to follow a particular gender norm, or gender role. Gender roles are the tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes (Kottak 213: 209). The tasks and activities assigned are based upon strongly, seized concepts about male and female characteristics, or gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes…are oversimplified but strongly upheld ideas about bout the characteristics of males and females (Kottak 2013: 209).
In the society we live in, gender plays a great role, is not biological rader it’s refereed to as a social behavior pattern. It is constructed on male and female character and traditional beliefs. The society has often reflected its passion on gender roles. For instance In the media today women are given roles that suit men which makes them challenge men for their right, they are represented as entertainment for men, women are likely to be the source of leading news stories nowadays.
Race has no biological meaning. There is only one human race; there are no subspecies, no single defining characteristic, traits, or even gene, separates one “race” from another. Instead of being a biological concept, race is a social construct, and a relatively modern one at that. It was created to give light-skinned Europeans an advantage by making the white race superior and all others inferior. Throughout its history, the concept of race has served this purpose well.
Race, in the common understanding, draws upon differences not only of skin color and physical attributes but also of language, nationality, and religion. Race categories are often used as ethnic intensifiers, with the aim of justifying the exploitation of one group by another. Race is an idea that has become so fixed in American society that there is no room for open-mindedness when challenging the idea of racial categories. Over the years there has been a drastic change with the way the term "race" is used by scientists. Essentially, there is a major difference between the biological and sociological views of race.
1) In the chapter black and white, Bissinger uses a taboo words to point out the theme and problem of the town. “Niggger, Goddam Jesus christ, and shitty.” Are the words that are italicized in this passage. Obviously the N-word is used as an insult for black people in the community and it show that race is the biggest issue in this chapter. Then he uses Goddam Jesus christ because the community is a predominantly catholic, especially white people, they found it ruled and very offensive. “ It bothered them, and they frankly didn’t know how a decent person would say a thing such as that, show such utter disrespect for the Lord.” (Friday Night Lights, By H.G. Bissinger) This is just an example showing that the people who use the N-word had no idea that they were being disrespectful not just to Lantia Akins but every black person in the community. The N-word has multiple meaning, a lot of people are not aware of it’s history and the real meaning it gives. It has such a deep meaning that the people in the town shouldn’t say it so casually. “What the hell was racist about calling ‘em niggers when they acted like that? It was just the truth.” (Friday Night Lights, By H.G. Bissinger) Bissinger added this in the end of the last paragraph to show how white people blinded so much by stereotypes of black people. The taboo language is used to get the audience’s attention, because it’s thing that shouldn’t be said. Overall it just makes thing interesting and it show the effects of taboo words and the theme. That is everyone should be treated equally.
Why is it impossible to use biological characteristics to sort people into consistent races? Review some of the concepts such as “non-concordance” and “within-group vs. between group variation.”
To begin with, “race is a social, political, and economic construct. It is not biological. There is no existence of race in the Western world outside of the practices of colonialism, conquest, and the transatlantic slave trade” (Lecture 1). While the origins of race are centered around distinctions of humans based on presumed physical, ancestral or cultural differences, race is merely a floating signifier and therefore only has meaning, but that we give it (Lecture 1 and 2). This floating signifier has taken on different meanings in the U.S. and Latin America. For example, in the U.S., the one-drop rule is enough to deem someone black. On the other hand, Latin America considers pigmentocracy and uses Mulatto categories based on appearance and color
Reflecting directly on the cultural attitudes and sociocultural messages explained throughout this course, it is clear that race, gender, and sexuality are all socially constructed in one way or another. Contrary to popular belief, race is actually almost completely socially constructed, it is not biological. Further, a human’s DNA does not differentiate at all to create any specific race. However, society has categorized certain things, such as skin color, to determine the race of individuals. In simpler terms, there are not specific genes that parents pass on to their offspring that determine their race; society categorizes people into specific races when they are born based on their
Race is a term that references on differences such as, facial characteristics, skin color, and other related characteristics. Race is not in reference to genetic make up. A feature of race as a social construct is that it down plays the extent to which sectors of population may form a discrete ethnic group. Based on specific characteristics race makes up a person and differs within groups. In other words race is a large group of people distinguished from others on the basic of a common heritage or physical trait.
Until the 15th century, the idea of race was never thought of until it could be used as a sort of hierarchy used by whites to suppress those who were not white. After this point race continued to change and ever more was race used as a reason, or excuse, to bolster the social status of whites. This became most prevalent during the time of slavery and even after slavery was abolished. The ideas the non-whites were biologically less than whites became deep seated and widely believed even by those who were non-white. To show that race is simply a social construct and not biological we must look at how race is viewed different countries, how race has changed over the years, and how race is a product of the socialization of body characteristics.
Gender Roles are expectations regarding proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. Gender roles apparent in work and in how we react to others. Gender Roles determine how males and females should think, speak, dress, and interrelate within the perspective of society. Normally, a boy is thought how to fix and build things; while girls learn how to cook, and keep house. Children are applauded by their parents when they conform to gender expectations and adopt culturally accepted and conventional roles. All of this is reinforced by additional socializing representatives, such as the media. The Hiraj’s of Hindu religion are looked upon for their gender and sexual
Human beings have been, and always will be, dichotomized into either male or female. When determining a person’s sex we often look for differences in facial features, body shape or mannerism’s, but another promising way to determine a persons sex and one that is most often used today, is through gender roles. Gender roles are behaviors that portray masculinity or femininity. The theory behind gender roles through multidisciplinary viewpoints is the focus of this paper. Throughout history and in every culture these roles have shifted and transformed into what society says is expectable. In this analysis, gender roles will be examined through a sociological, biological and evolutionary scope.