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Influence of media on identity
Influences on gender identity development
How gender impacts identity
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As a child grows and conforms to the world around them they go through various stages, one of the most important and detrimental stages in childhood development is gender identity. The development of the meaning of a child’s sex and gender can form the whole future of that child’s identity as a person. This decision whether accidental or genetic can effect that child’s life style views and social interactions for the rest of their lives. Ranging from making friends in school all the way to intimate relationships later on in life, gender identity can become an important aspect to ones future endeavors.
It is always said that boys and girls are complete opposites as they grow. Girls are seen to be more timid and laid back in physical natures
According to research by Marissa McClure Volrath, an elementary art teacher, her findings allowed us to realize and understand that gender identity can been seen through a child’s artwork and how it is presented. “Although many young girls’ drawings do seem to adults’ perception to convey the sweetness, innocence, and themes of girlhood, they are also the kinds of drawings often hung up and ignored or referred to as “sweet” or “cute.” They are unlikely to solicit the attention of a young boys’ drawing of a gun or a superhero fist fight. They seem pleasant and innocent. However, these drawings reveal and conceal girls’ desires to see themselves not how they are but how they wish they might be or think they should be—a complicated matter operating on multiple levels of pleasure, desire, and sociality oppressed (McClure-Vollrath, 2006, p. 68).” Socially the world expects girls to be interested in princesses and the color pink, that’s the social norma and looked to as socially acceptable. The study performed by McClure Volrath allows a way to see beyond the social norms and understand that through a child’s art we are able to see a difference in a child’s gender identity. The media often has an influence on a child’s gender identity. Drawings a boy may draw of a gun might be seen in a cartoon that they religiously watch, and this is looked to as being a social norm. Boys often watch violent or action packed cartoons or television shows, whereas girls might draw a pony seen in their favorite cartoon. Girls are often expected as a norm to watch cartoons and shows that might involve drama and romance. “Again, identity is a social concept. When we engage any media, no matter what form it may take, we are in essence receiving the ideas from those authors. Simply, it is a different format by which we now exchange ideas (Worsham, 2011).” As we grow we take in information we see, as stated before, our surroundings mold us.
The creation of an identity involves the child's understanding of the public disposition of the gender normalities, and the certain gender categories that
I watched the foreign film Ma Vie en Rose (My Life in Pink), a Belgian film by filmmaker Alain Berliner. It is a warm, startling, funny, and realistic study of what happens when a seven-year-old boy is convinced, beyond all reason and outward evidence to the contrary, that he is really a girl. His certitude is astonishing in one so little, and his gender conviction is so strong that his belief can't be laughed away as the result of a “phase” or an “active imagination.” Yet the crux of Ma Vie en Rose is not a study of trans-gendered children per se, despite the fact that such sensational subject matter would seem to be surefire material for attention-grabbing moviemaking. You're never even quite certain about the long-term psychological ramifications of young Ludovic's obsession: Is he trans-gendered, a transvestite, gay, or straight? Such determinations are not the movie's concern. What Ma Vie en Rose is interested in is what it means to be a “difficult” child, a child who whose difference always sets him apart, and what it means to be the parents of such a child. Here we see some cultural differences with the characters.
Egan, Susan K., and David G. Perry. "Gender Identity: A Multidimensional Analysis With Implications For Psychosocial Adjustment.." Developmental Psychology 37.4 (2001): 451-463. Print.
In order to fully comprehend the how gender stereotypes perpetuate children’s toys, one must understand gender socialization. According to Santrock, the term gender refers to the, “characteristics of people as males and females” (p.163). An individual is certainly not brought into the world with pre-existing knowledge of the world. However, what is certain is the belief that the individual has regarding him- or herself and life stems from socialization—the development of gender through social mechanisms. For instance, when a baby is brought into this world, his or her first encounter to gender socialization arises when the nurse places a blue or pink cap on the baby’s head. This act symbolizes the gender of the baby, whether it is a boy (blue cap) or a girl (pink cap). At the age of four, the child becomes acquai...
It is widely accepted that masculine is synonymous with male and feminine with female. While it is typical for males to enjoy typically masculine activities, it is seen negatively when males enjoy a typically feminine activity. Not only is it seen as a bad thing, but young boys are often bullied or even punished for liking something that is seen as feminine. Girls are also often shunned for liking anything associated with masculine hobbies, usually having to prove that they “are not like like other girls”, insinuating that even girls who happen to like feminine activities are not to be sought after in this particular social system. Doctor Vanessa Cullins from Planned Parenthood talks about how children learn from a young age how they are supposed to fit into our social system and how damaging that can be during adolescence while the children try to create their own identity. I chose this topic because I think that we, as a society, do not think into this issue too deeply and yet it persists in our everyday lives.
In Boy princess, the young prince must learn to adapt to appearing as a girl, yet he expresses gender diversity by accomplishing feats, such as sword fighting, that defy the stereotypical limitations that are imposed on girls in terms of masculine behavior. More so, the boy princess is able to accept and endure his role as a “princess”, which shows Kim’s (2006) intention of informing the audience of the validity of gender diversity. In Wandering Son, Shuichi’s desire to become a girl is counted by Yoshiko’s desire to be a boy, which allows them to nurture and support each other’s gender choices. Shimura (2002) informs the reader that Shuichi and Yoshiko are examples of gender diversity, which should be tolerated in opposition to teenage heterosexual stereotypes of male and female behaviors. These manga stories define the underlying theme of gender diversity as a way to inform the reader of the different gender roles that male and female boys can enact in a predominantly heterosexual culture. Kim and Shumira presents important scenes that show the interaction of gender diversity as defined in the characterization of individuals that choose to oppose heterosexual gender norms through the medium of
The many experiences I faced throughout my childhood played a significant and defining role in the shaping of my gender identity. As a young child my favorite toys were dolls and stuffed animals, and quite often my parents found me setting up tea parties or playing house. While my parents did provide me with cars and other gender neutral toys, I was always drawn towards dolls and other stereotypic girl toys. I was the first and only child for seven years, so I never had anything else with which to compare. Perhaps if I grew up surrounded by the toys and hand-me-downs from an older brother my perception towards liking dolls and the color purple might have been different.
Society cements certain roles for children based on gender, and these roles, recognized during infancy with the assistance of consumerism, rarely allow for openness of definition. A study conducted by Witt (1997) observed that parents often expect certain behaviors based on gender as soon as twenty-four hours after the birth of a child. The gender socialization of infants appears most noticeably by the age of eighteen months, when children display sex-stereotyped toy preferences (Caldera, Huston, & O’Brian 1989). This socialization proves extremely influential on later notions and conceptions of gender. Children understand gender in very simple ways, one way being the notion of gender permanence—if one is born a girl or a boy, they will stay that way for life (Kohlberg 1966). “According to theories of gender constancy, until they’re about 6 or 7, children don’t realize that the sex they were born with is immutable” (Orenstein 2006). The Walt Disney Corporation creates childhood for children worldwide. “Because Disney are such a large media corporation and their products are so ubiquitous and wide spread globally, Disney’s stories, the stories that Disney tell, will be the stories that will form and help form a child’s imaginary world, all over the world, and that’s an incredible amount of power, enormous amount of power” (Sun). Because of the portrayal of women in Disney films, specifically the Disney Princess films, associations of homemaker, innocence, and dependence are emphasized as feminine qualities for young children. Thus, children begin to consider such qualities normal and proceed to form conceptions of gender identity based off of the movies that portray the very specific and limiting views of women (...
In today’s society, it can be argued that the choice of being male or female is up to others more than you. A child’s appearance, beliefs and emotions are controlled until they have completely understood what they were “born to be.” In the article Learning to Be Gendered, Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell- Ginet speaks out on how we are influenced to differentiate ourselves through gender. It starts with our parents, creating our appearances, names and behaviors and distinguishing them into a male or female thing. Eventually, we grow to continue this action on our own by watching our peers. From personal experience, a child cannot freely choose the gender that suits them best unless our society approves.
Today, labels are placed upon people as fast as a blink of an eye. One of the most common labels being placed upon people is their perceived gender. Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell-Ginet, the authors of “Learning to Be Gendered”, argue that gender is not based on biology; instead, it is a binary meant to categorize people for how they should live their lives. Eckert and McConnell-Ginet have effectively written about the societal pressures and expectations placed on children to fulfill their “specific” gender role. Through the rhetorical strategies of tone, ethos, logos, and pathos, the authors thoroughly explain the effects gendering has on children.
Starting at a young age, girls are discouraged from being interested in science and math. They could be deterred from their parents, their male peers, and even their teachers. Often parents internalize gender roles, and therefore, it can be more difficult for the female to break the gender role; possibly running the risk of either disappointing her family or disappointing society because that’s who set up the traditional gender roles. Parents are more inclined to promote “assertive behavior” in their sons and “emotional sensitivity in their daughters” (Tindall and Hamil 2004). As a result, boys tend to be more assertive in the classroom, and girls tend to display more passive behavior. As the children grow, and boys begin to notice this behavior of their female peers, they may express concerns regarding the sui...
Using a restroom is something that everyone does every day. Most people do not think twice about which restroom they will use. For some people they have used the same gendered bathroom their whole lives. They were assigned a gender at birth, and they still identify as that gender. Those types of people would be called cisgender. Other people switch genders from the one they were assigned at birth, and they would be called transgender people. For some people, their gender identity varies day to day. Those people are called gender fluid. There are also people who do not identify with any gender. These people are called androgynous. There are more gender identities that people can have. Gender and sex are often confused
Young girls who enjoy action figures and race cars or young boys who enjoy playing with dolls and playing dress up may feel like they are wrong in liking things they believe they are not supposed to like, forcing them to feel like they must push away these “incorrect” interests. Children know from a very young age what interests they are supposed to have and what interests they believe surrounding people would want them to have. In a 2007 study performed by Nancy K. Freeman and her research team for the Early Childhood Education Journal, results showed that “when 3-year-olds separated ‘girl toys’ from ‘boy toys’ 92% of their responses reflected gender-typical stereotypes” (Freeman). Children were also able to distinguish that their parents would not approve of them playing with the opposite gender’s toys. (Freeman). This data shows the profound impact that gender stereotypes have on young children, which would greatly influence their play choices and perhaps choices made throughout their entire lives. Children should not feel such a pressure and should be able to express themselves outside of the gender roles society has assigned to them before birth. In Alice Robb’s opinion
The children, who were 4-10 years old, and adults were then asked what characteristics the child would have at age 10 in each of the given scenarios (Taylor 1558). This study was different from previous studies in that it does not ask the children to explain the origins of gender differences, but encourages them to view how they picture the outcomes of a scenario where biological and social factors conflict with each other (Taylor 1558). One hundred sixty children participated in this study, where eighty were assigned to the opposite sex environment scenario and eighty were assigned to the same sex environment scenario (Taylor 1559). Additionally, 32 college students participated in the study through completing a questionnaire (Taylor 1559). Children were tested in isolation by a female experimenter, who told two stories, one with a female character and the other with a male character (Taylor 1559). The children were then asked a set of questions about approximately 20 properties of the character, of a gender-neutral name, would have when he or she turned age 10 (Taylor 1559). Twelve properties related to stereotypes, while four questions related to biological properties; and in addition to those, the children were also asked about four “environmental control” items, which evaluated the children’s memory of the stories (Taylor
To maintain a positive outcome in gender identity development, professionals must put themselves in a child’s position when evaluating this disorder. Consequently, they must look at the nature of memory and biological imperatives. The artificiality of many experiments has led some researchers to question whether their findings can be generalized to real life (McLeod, 2007). As stated previously, loop holes must be filled with more accurate results. Psychologists could also benefit from this research through the study of young children suffering from confusion and even suicide. One must understand that children at a younger age are more prone to rejection if gender roles are challenged. Throughout history, gender identity disorder of childhood has presented the greatest challenge for clinicians (Ghosh, 2012).