Gender And Relationship Of Children

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Gender and Relationship of Children

Introduction

The topic of sex differences in the play preschoolers has been explored

by many researchers in the past. Studies have been conducted on basic sex

differences such as what toys and gender of playmates do young boys and girls

prefer. The size of children's play networks, as well as if these networks

change in the size during the preschool years have been explored. Also,

differences in styles of play and the occurrence of positive and negative

interactions have been examined. The effect that parents have on their sons and

daughters, as well as preschool classrooms and teachers have been examined as

possible causes of sex differences during play.

The aim of this paper is to critically review the recent literature in

this field and determine whether or not sex differences occur in play. If sex

differences occur, the possible reasons for this occurrence will also be

examined.

Review of the Research Section

Maccoby (1990) summarized a number of studies to support her hypothesis

that suggests different social situations may either heighten or suppress sex

differences in behaviour.

One study was that of social interaction between pairs of young children

(Jacklin & Maccoby, 1978). Pairs of 33-month old children were brought together

in the same-sex or mixed-sex in a laboratory playroom, and the amount and kind

of social behaviour directed more social behaviour, both positive and negative,

to same sex playmates that opposite sex ones. Girls paired with boys were more

likely to stand watching their partners, or withdraw towards an adult, than boys

in any pairing or girls playing with girls. The point brought up in this study

is that interactive behaviour is not just situationly specific, it also depends

on the gender of participants.

Some of the reasons given by Maccoby (1990) for attraction to same sex

partners and avoidance of other sex partners in childhood are the rough play

style of boys and their orientation towards competition and dominance. Another

reason is that girls find it difficult to influence boys. An example of such

reasoning is supported by a study done by Poulishta (1987). Preschool aged boy-

girl pairs were observed competing for an object. The children were given a

chance to use a movie-viewer that could only be used by one child at a time. It

seemed while pairs were alone in the playroom the boys dominated the movie-

viewer. When an adult was present, however, this did not occur, The adult's

presence seemed to inhibit the boy's more power assertive techniques resulting

in equal access. This supports the reason why the attraction to same sex

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