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Gender and race a social construct
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One of the cornerstones of society is the ability to categorize and differentiate between groups of people. Historically, this dissecting and classifying of individuals has been crucial to understanding social order, and who has power within society. One of the most pervasive forms of this in modern times has been the discourse surrounding race and gender. In society, each person has a complex and unique access to power. Power is fixed within society, and determines which groups of people have more control and influence over others. These relationships to power are determined by combinations of factors such as race, gender, and sexuality. In order to unpack these terms, it is crucial to examine the social construction of these identities, and how these identities lead to the creation of different privileges and disadvantages. In order to properly deconstruct the ideas of race and gender, it is crucial to understand social constructivism and essentialism. Because gender and race are so deeply embedded in the understanding of others and oneself, it may be difficult to understand that these markers are dependent on, and determined by, interactions with others. There is no biological …show more content…
Race and gender have been in constant play, influencing and overlapping one another. In both of these construction, certain bodies and beings were considered “unnatural.” It is no coincidence that the “female body” was the arena where gender and race were established. Because the methods used to create and define race and gender were intertwined with one another, it becomes clear how feminine traits became characteristic of abnormality and aberrance. The white male is the pinnacle of what is desirable in society. The white male is the individual that has the easiest access to power, and therefore, the individual who has the most control over
The two articles that had a profound impact to my understanding of race, class and gender in the United States was White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack by Peggy McIntosh and Imagine a Country by Holly Sklar. McIntosh explains the keys aspects of unearned advantage (a privilege that one group hold over another) as well as conferred dominance (the act of voluntarily giving another group power) and the relationship that these factors hold when determine power of a social group. Additionally, the purpose of McIntosh’s article was to demonstrate the privilege that certain individuals carry and how that translates to the social structures of our society. Furthermore, conferred dominance also contributes to the power of the dominant group
This means that these women have less privileges than black males, because even though both of them share the same race, male as a gender is generally ranked higher than women. Similarly, black men have less privileges than white men, because the white race is ranked higher in society. These universalizing assumptions rely on the essentialist way of thinking, therefore blocking the fact that women’s lives are much more diverse, as each woman has different, multiple life experiences and personality traits. This idea of the power-dominated group of society is known to be rooted from the other oppressive structures such as Eurocentrism, heterosexism, transphobia, and ableism. For example, Eurocentrism is “a view that Europe is the centre of the world and “civilization”, and everything must be measured against this standard.” (56). This ideal standard is creating oppression towards members of society who are not necessarily white, male or heterosexual, thus, allowing inequality to take place and unearned privilege towards this group of “power-dominated” people. From children’s Disney movies, kids witness masculine and feminine stereotypes from a very young age. These reinforced stereotypes teach children how men and women should act, look and behave. For example, in the movie “Hercules”, a delicate and gentle princess finds love with the big, muscular, and ‘manly’ hero named Hercules. As these films describe that men are the complete opposites of
Race, Gender, and Social class are all common interests in our American Society since before the Civil Rights Movement until now and will continue to be. Many theories have been developed with the intent to analyze these concepts of human life, and genetics within the scope of society. Critical Race theory, a modern take on the subtle racism and discrimination in institutional society and our American law, is one of these theories that construct the ideas relating race, gender and social class to American society. All groups of people are affected by racism and discrimination throughout the United States. Arab Americans and the Sioux, Native American Indian group, are two groups I will analyze in relation to Critical Race theory.
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production within a society have imposed race, class, and gender meanings onto the minority population in order to maintain their dominant position and justify the unequal treatment of minority individuals by the divisions of race, class, and gender categories (Collins 2004; Nguyen & Anthony 2014; Settles 2006;).
The connection of race and race relations in the United States was an ongoing issue, and while much progress was made, there are still people who revert back to old and ignorant takes on different races as the white man. This clearly relates to my own history based on the fact that various races are still being discriminated and treated unfairly and looked at as unequal. I can only hope that one day the whole population of the world can do the right thing and look at everyone as equals.
Our daily lives are affected by race, whether we are aware of it or not. How we live different aspects of our lives depends on the colour of our skin. From the types of jobs we have, the income we earn, where we live, etc. In societies fundamentally structured by race, it is important that we do not abandon the notion of race, but instead pioneer a revolution in the way that races are understood. In this paper, I will examine how the dominant groups in society define race in terms of biology, which leads to the notion of white privilege, which is their advantaged position in society, at the expense of other racial groups.
In society, race clearly affects one’s life chances. These are the chances of getting opportunities and gaining experience for progression. The social construction of race is based on privileges and availability of resources. Looking at society and the formation of race in a historical context, whites have always held some sort of delusional belief of a “white-skin privilege.” This advantage grants whites an advantage in society whether one desires it or not. This notion is often commonly referred to as reality.
Social Construction Race Race has been one of the most outstanding events in the United States all the way from the 1500s up until now. The concept of race has been socially constructed in a way that is broad and difficult to understand. Social construction can be defined as the set of rules determined by society’s urges and trends. The rules created by society play a huge role in racialization, as the U.S. creates laws to separate the English or whites from the nonwhites. Europeans, Indigenous People, and Africans were all racialized and victimized for various reasons.
Race as a “…social and historical idea, not biological” (Palaita, Lecture 1/25/18), only works because according to Social Construction Theory, “…these categories work because our complacency allows us to presume that the identities are natural and a group’s social status relies on biology, rather than social/cultural circumstances” (Palaita, Lecture 1/25/18). Our unwillingness to challenge these identities has allowed these categories to be used to determine who will be on the advantageous side of the inequality we face here in the United States. If we no longer accepted these conditions, and change the way social groups are viewed and treated, we may create a new norm and close the inequality gap between social
The concept of race is an ancient construction through which a single society models all of mankind around the ideal man. This idealism evolved from prejudice and ignorance of another culture and the inability to view another human as equal. The establishment of race and racism can be seen from as early as the Middle Ages through the present. The social construction of racism and the feeling of superiority to people of other ethnicities, have been distinguishably present in European societies as well as America throughout the last several centuries.
However, Cashmore goes on to argue that the terminology of race has been used to reflect changes in the understanding of physical and cultural differences (1988:235). Cornell and Hartman argue the characteristics that constitute a definition for the concept of race are complex. The authors claim that race can be categorised in social and physical terms. Race is a “human group defined by itself or others as distinct by virtue of perceived common physical
The “hetero-normative, middleclass, white” standards of both masculine and feminine ideals—and the figures or types of figures celebrated as a result—have existed in the United States since its inception, having stemmed from the European powers wherefrom this county finds its roots. Such traditions or worldviews can be attributed to both cultural and structural bases of power as established on a larger scale, whether within governmental, religious, or even educational systems. Additionally, they can
Reflecting directly on the cultural attitudes and sociocultural messages explained throughout this course, it is clear that race, gender, and sexuality are all socially constructed in one way or another. Contrary to popular belief, race is actually almost completely socially constructed, it is not biological. Further, a human’s DNA does not differentiate at all to create any specific race. However, society has categorized certain things, such as skin color, to determine the race of individuals. In simpler terms, there are not specific genes that parents pass on to their offspring that determine their race; society categorizes people into specific races when they are born based on their
Social Construction of Gender Today’s society plays a very important role in the construction of gender. Gender is a type of issue that has raised many questions over the years in defining and debating if both male and female are equal. Today, gender is constructed in four different ways. The The first way gender is defined is by the family in which a child is raised.
Gender is such a ubiquitous notion that humans assume gender is biological. However, gender is a notion that is made up in order to organize human life. It is created and recreated giving power to the dominant gender, creating an inferior gender and producing gender roles. There are many questionable perspectives such as how two genders are learned, how humans learn their own gender and others genders, how they learn to appropriately perform their gender and how gender roles are produced. In order to understand these perspectives, we must view gender as a social institution. Society bases gender on sex and applies a sex category to people in daily life by recognizing gender markers. Sex is the foundation to which gender is created. We must understand the difference between anatomical sex and gender in order to grasp the development of gender. First, I will be assessing existing perspectives on the social construction of gender. Next, I will analyze three case studies and explain how gender construction is applied in order to provide a clearer understanding of gender construction. Lastly, I will develop my own case study by analyzing the movie Mrs. Doubtfire and apply gender construction.