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Social construction of health
Problems with the social model of health
Health as a social construct
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Within this essay, I will be focusing on making a reference to an appropriate sociological or social theory discuss the relationship of gender and health. This is an important field of sociology of health because for many years women did not have health rights and their rights were made by their husbands or doctors. Women have come a long way to have the right they have now, but certain issues are still a problem. I believe this is an important facet of sociology of health, because society has help shaped the view of health towards women. As young woman and women of colour I have to understand the history of gender and health and what efforts it took for me to have the rights I have now. This essay will allow me to understand the feminist social …show more content…
Wade, Bourgeault, and Neiterman (2016) acknowledge sex and gender differences in health are between biological and socially constructed between men and women. The power relations are evident in gender and health, the relationship of men and women in a system of patriarchy, and gender-based inequality cause an imbalance of power. Wade et al., (2016) suggest that everyone is “doing gender”, creating difference between how men and women interact in social setting. The ideas of masculinity and femininity are socially constructed and as individuals we have be constructed into those roles. Gender is seen as a powerful social construction that shapes our behaviours, but also the social condition that we live and experience every day. Wade et al., (2016) discusses the gender differences in morbidity and mortality. Wade et al., (2016) explains the historically, women had shorter life expectancy than men because of maternal death, poor nutrition and low status of women in society. Overtime, the overall life expectancy has increase because the improvements of public health and such. Though, women live longer than men, they are getting more chronic illness and disability than men, especially depression. In terms of death, the leading cause for both men and women is cancer and heart disease; men are more likely to pass away from accidents and unintentional injuries because of risk taking and more physical …show more content…
Wade et al., (2016) suggest that women hospitalization rates are higher than men, alothougm the hospitalization is due to pregnancy and childbirth. Wade et al., (2016) acknowledges that removing pregnancy and childbirth from the analysis, actually shows that women are lower in hospitalization than men. Men are more likely to be hospitalized because of circulatory and respiratory disease, also for injury and poisoning, well women are hospitalization because of cancer, mental disorder and musculoskeletal diseases. Wade et al., (2016) discuss the contribution of feminist theories that explored the impact of sec and gender in health and illness, it shown n both macro and micro theories. Wade et al., (2016) acknowledges that some feminist explained using the macro theories to look at gender as a social construction; other took the micro theories and look at how gender impacts our everyday lives. The common theme in both macro and micro theories when discussing sex and gender in health is the understanding that gender is a social construct and it creates difference in morbidity, mortality, access to health care serviced and experiences in the healthcare
The feminist movement raises political campaigns for the rectification of rights that should be permitted to women in the public, workplace and most importantly in one’s home. Women’s movement turn out to be a significant role as time advanced, diminutive ideas were anticipated at first, minor alterations occur but not much was being done for the privileges of a woman therefore making the women’s movement more hostile. It can be proposed that women are far too emotional to have equal rights as men due to the hormones that occur while a woman is pregnant or on her menstrual cycle, although the women’s movement has been more beneficial than crucial. Women have helped enhance the economy drastically, improve the family time in homes, as well as
Sick Woman refers to any person who is subjugated or oppressed by the capitalist system. Johanna Hedva’s article Sick Woman Theory, concentrates on the marginalized people, suffering from chronic or mental illness, asking for a change on both social and political relations. “Sick Woman Theory” states that the idea of wellness and of being normal is a capitalist idea, being well means being able to go to work, and must be rejected. The way the patriarchal system has set the standards is for anyone not meeting the social norm not to be capable of survival. If a disability holds someone captive in their own body and unable to actively protest, then they must find an alternative
They incorporate intersectionality theory, complexity theory, and the social determinants of health techniques to embody the individual’s encounters and then to reason to the wider social location demonstrated by the means of the individual, which assists to accepting healthcare access and procedures in the region of women’s health inequities. McGibbon and McPherson argue that a center foundation of the perception of feminist intersectionality is the focal point on the debriefing of power in society and the structural precursors of oppression. (McGibbon and McPherson, Pg.61). This pretty much is one of the highest essential capacity contributions of the intersectionality principle to health care is the prevailing of power. The sort of the essential aspect on diversity could have a number of advantages. Initially, it'd counter the impulse to cut the patients to biological entities and as a substitute centralize on the person in a social relational context. It isn't that biology is irrelevant; since one of the disputes associated with the concept of intersectionality is how to incorporate biology. A more state of the art evaluation of power relations afforded by thinking about intersecting social areas may prevent the intricate prioritization of some differences over others, for
The characteristics and behaviors associated with men and women are called gender roles. Gender can also be interpreted as the social, psychological, and cultural interpretation of biological sex. Gender as a social construct has been a term throughout history that explains the social distinction between men and women and is reinforced in social interactions. The crisis of the global economy brings about gender dimensions and different meanings for men and women in society. Men and women have been hierarchy organized and valued. Throughout the 19th century, women’s contributions to society were regarded as less significant than those of men. Stereotypes were put on genders, which included assertive, strong, and competitive for masculinity and submissive, weak, and emotional for femininity. Gender inequality arose as economic crisis took place throughout the 19th century. The changing conditions of work in the global state impacted the roles for men and women and many feminists started to challenge the idea that “biology is destiny”. With post-Fordism, a new gender order emerged, and Women occupied a broader place in the work force. However, sexism is still prevalent in society to some extent whether it’s unconscious or conscious and affects the lives of many women.
Throughout history women have suffered from inequalities that differentiate from men, including the right to vote among many others. When New Zealand granted women the right to vote it empowered women from other countries to fight for the vote, where Europe and the Unites States then fought for women’s rights changing them forever. Many suffrage groups were formed, throughout the U.S and Europe, to fight for women’s rights. Two major events, Seneca Falls, and a parade led by Alice Paul, created a turning point for women’s rights.
There is so much controversy in the society that we live in, it has resulted in an absolute mess. Certain topics as in gender or men and women’s bodies, is so controversial to the point that it has caused a misrepresentation of both men and women. Both Jean Kilbourne and Allan G. Johnson form their own opinions in their articles “Two Ways A Woman Can Get Hurt” and “Why Do We Make So Much of Gender” that comment on society as a whole, while expanding on the concept of why gender is so important for a fully functioning society. Although, both Kilbourne and Johnson have differentiating opinions to gender, they both come to the conclusion that gender is a key factor to explain our society and the social change in it. We live in a society where
In a society where equality is constantly fought over, there are bound to be disputes. Feminism, the movement to create empowerment and equal rights for women, has been criticized by those who argue who, what, and how feminism should be fought with. Many conservative feminists believe that succumbing to men’s pleasure is never the answer, whereas “lipstick” feminists believe that they should be able to use all of their essence in order to establish equality. However, society needs both women and men equally. Feminism shouldn’t focus on how women reach that equality, but rather to reach that point of equality in the first place; with anything they got.
Being a feminist today has altered from a political position to a more general position. Contemporary feminist is shaped by the past, but now is integrated in popular culture by popular figures. The definition of feminism is the belief of social, political, and economic rights, especially with regards of equality of the sexes. There are many dimensions to being a feminist and we have a tremendous number of people supporting the feminist movement. The need for feminist movements is because gender inequality still exist. Gender inequality is very broad and complex topic. Both men and women are unequal in various ways. However, the big question is why? The purpose of this paper is to understand gender inequality in the sociological framework of
The critical rank for reducing gender inequalities should be education, labor force participation, and lastly, wages. There are obvious differences between men and women whether it’s anatomically, financially, and so forth. The gender inequalities women face compared to men is alarming and saddening. Gender stereotypes reinforce gender inequalities because stereotypes can often be internalized which results in biases against either sex. These biases against a person can result in negative results. Gender inequality has been within our society for a long time especially amongst women.
Broom, D., 1988, `Gender and Health', in Second Opinion: An Introduction to Health Sociology, ed.J. Germov, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Riska, E. (1993). Gender, Work, and Medicine: Women and the Medical Division of Labour. London: Sage Publications.
In the operation of the healthcare system, gender plays a central role. Gender discrimination in the healthcare exists either in the field of education, workplace or while attending to the patients. Interestingly, as opposed to other areas where discrimination lies heavily to a particular gender; gender inequality in health happens to both women and men. Gender inequality in the health care service negatively affects the quality of care given and perpetuates patient biases to a gender. Also, the gender disparities in the field of health assists researchers and practitioners to study conditions and their probable manifestations within both sexes.
Gender inequality exists in any given society. In spite of the fact that gender is not as elementary as it may seem. Gender becomes an integral factor alongside various diverse angles, for example, sex, and sexual orientation and gender roles. Each of these points has a basic impact when discussing the particular social issues experienced by men and women. Gender is the socially learned practices that are connected to the genders, which make Gender Roles.
The gender issues in today’s society are issues to discuss because they are tainting the lives of people from an early age. This is important because girls and boys are showing increasing levels of insecurities that are arising due to fundamental gender issues in society. The masculine stereotype is one the most prevailing causes of gender issues in society, especially the issue of sexism. Our society must address this issue because the cycle of sexism only feeds into peoples’ insecurities. Men should not feel obligated to objectify women to feel masculine and women should not feel like they must be sensual and beautiful to have value. The stereotypes that are being placed on men and young boys effect the attitudes of the women around them and creates a cycle of hypersexualization and sexism, leaving the relationships between genders tainted and women feeling less confident in themselves. By changing the way people think men and women are supposed to be, we can change the way our society values one another and in turn, become a more equal and respectful society.
Empowerment is the advancement of individual to control the thing that affect its life and make them more aware about the surrounding for healthy participation in decision making related to real life issues. Empowerment of Gender is used to calculate inequality among the gender. Inequality among the gender across the countries is measure by estimating relative participation of women in economic, income, political power and its status in society. It is defined, how much men and women actively contribute in decision making regarding economic and political life. It is more about to strength to do work rather than well being of women and