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Supply and demand gasoline economics
Supply and demand gasoline economics
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I do believe that gasoline is very inelastic. The reason I say that gasoline is an inelastic product is because changes in prices have small influence on its demand. For example, even if the price of gasoline triples the next day, people will still buy gasoline to get to their destination. Current prices on gasoline are likely to have a larger impact on consumer spending, and a smaller impact on the quantity of gasoline bought. Instead, gasoline prices would most likely affect other areas of spending like entertainment, electronics, vacations, and etc. In the short term, it would be difficult to reduce gas consumption. It would be much more profitable to cancel “road trips”, or buy a car with better gas mileage. However, some people aren’t …show more content…
Even though, the only substitutes for gasoline are public transportation, which isn’t always accessible, or electric cars, which is still considered a recent technology. If you’re living in a suburb in Chicago with good public transportation, you could start using these options to get to your destination, this would reduce your demand for gas by a lot. Yet, if you live in a suburban area, you would be more reliant on a vehicle, and your demand for gas would become inelastic. The short and long term demands for goods and services can vary, and this affects elasticity. For example, if the person’s gas demand was inelastic in the short-term, this could eventually become elastic in the long term. This person could buy a car that has better mileage, or buy an electric car which doesn’t require gasoline. For most products, long-term demands happen to be more elastic than short-term demands. Since gasoline is with a finite supply, it would eventually run out in the long-term. Yet, in the short-term inelasticity tends to overcome compared to the long-term. If we all drove vehicles that could go 50 mpg or greater gasoline would still be
To conclude this analysis, it can be noted that any increases in the prices of fuel will increase Australia’s economy as a whole, in other words the higher the costs of logistics will increase the price of products (Australian Competition & Consumer Commission 2014). The consumers will have to handle the burden of having higher costs of products, which would create an inflation. With the increasing price of fuel, consumers might want to alter their lifestyles, such as using public transportation or even carpooling. Vacations and travelling will also have to be cut down. Australia requires further government intervention to control the price of fuel by subsidizing so that inflation may be curbed.
Purchasing a car is one of the biggest and most important decisions that someone will make during their lifetime. Over the past several years, the prices of a vehicle have increased significantly due to the rise of inflation. Economists compare averages of vehicles to calculate and determine the cost of every vehicle that ends up on the car lot. To determine the cost they interpret all the above information and include everything from the cost of making the vehicle to the time of selling it. In the long run, the demand for vehicles is inelastic because they become a necessity for many people. However, in the short run, the demand is elastic because the purchase of a new vehicle can be put off for a while.
Currently, the most important factor in the rise of gas prices is the increasing cost of crude oil. Unfortunately, the United States has three percent of the world’s oil reserves. (Horsley) In 2009, the United States was third in crude oil production as well as the world’s largest petroleum consumer. (e. I. Administration) Such consumption required and still requires the United States to import petroleum/crude oil from other countries.
I am a husband and a father of four lovely children. We need a large vehicle to haul all of us around town. And of course I would do anything to keep them safe and I always want to provide them with the best. Therefore, after the birth of our fourth child two and a half years ago, my wife and I decided to upgrade our Ford Explorer to a Ford Expedition. We got everything from the side-curtain airbags to the TV and DVD player. What we did not know was we also purchased a rather large unleaded gas bill. The first time we filled the tank it cost us roughly $35; today it costs us right around $75 to fill the tank. Obviously the price of gas has increased significantly in the last two years. The price increase is due to a fluctuation in the supply and demand of not only gasoline but also crude oil, which is needed to manufacture gasoline. In addition, several other factors are influencing a change in the price of gasoline.
Normally, if the quantity demanded of a good is very responsive to a change in the good's price, the good is considered to be elastic (Investopedia.com, 2015). Unlike to a product, in which the quantity demanded of the good is very responsive to a change in the product's price, is an inelastic good. Goods that are inelastic show little response in the quantity demanded to a change in price (Jay Kaplan, 2002).
With a gasoline-fueled vehicle, buying gas to operate your car is a never-ending process. With the high price change of gasoline and oil, operating a gasoline-fueled vehicle tends to be very costly. While there are some types of small gasoline vehicles that get much better gas mileage than larger vehicles, even the most powerful gasoline cars will normally desire a contribution every month. According to some experts the only way a mainstream market for green vehicles wills materlize is with a pronounced and prolonged rise in fuel prices. (Buss, 4)
The article by Mike Moffatt shows the price elasticity of demand for gasoline. According to Molly Espey the average price elasticity of demand for gasoline in the short- run is-0.26 and -0.58 In the long-run, which is a 10% raise in the price of gasoline lowers quantity demanded by 2.6% in the short- run and 5.8% in the long- run.Also, there are a studies were conducted by Phil Goodwin, Joyce Dargay and Mark Hanly at review of income and price elastics in the demand for road traffic and each of them has different study. Furthermore, the realized elasticities depend on factors such as the timeframe and locations that the study covers. If the gas taxes will rise, will cause consumption to decrease.
Types of goods will help us determine whether demand for cars is elastic or inelastic. If a good is considered to be a luxury rather than a necessity, the greater is the price elasticity of demand (McConnell & Brue, 2004). Cars can be deemed as necessary due to a need for transportation. Other types of cars can be classified as luxury. A person who needs to be able to get from one place to another will have the need for a car. An old vehicle may suffice. In such a scenario, buying a brand new car is more likely to be a luxury rather than a necessity. If car prices go up, people are more inclined to just keep driving their old vehicles. In essence, the cars already on the road would serve as substitutes for new cars. However, over a longer period of time, old cars tend to wear out and the elasticity of demand for vehicles is less.
Finally, many car companies make more efficient cars and hybrid cars. Companies trying to boost their sales through efficient cars and lower gas cost for the consumer. Because of the higher prices of gas consumers are looking for more efficient cars. Gas prices left big companies like Ford, Toyota, and Dodge slow which it had a direct effect in the economy and the workforce. Many people lost their jobs over the passed six months because of the effect of the slow economy.
For any consumer who owns a vehicle and has to commute daily, the rise and fall of gas prices can be difficult to comprehend. In order to understand the variances for gas and oil prices, one must evaluate the core reasons for the fluctuation. According to recent research, the quick changes in oil and gas prices can be directly associated to several factors, which include supply and demand, market speculation, taxes and the expense of refining crude oil into gasoline (Herbert, 2008). These factors affect the price of oil and gas in independent ways, but also are related. Supply and demand has a direct affect on the price of crude oil and when supply is high, usually the price of oil decreases. When supply is low, the price of oil increases. In terms of demand for example, an oil price increase is seen as reducing aggregate demand because of a reduction in spending on goods and services (Olatubi & No, 2003). In terms of supply, this increase will likely produce even more widespread effects and oil price increases will cause overall production costs to rise, shifting the aggregate supply curve to the left (Olatubi & No, 2003). According to research, growing economies globally have increased the demand for crude oil while the supply has remained fairly constant. According to the Associated Press (2013), the average price for regular unleaded gasoline, which is $3.25 per gallon, is the lowest since December 26, 2012. In September 2013, AAA Mid-Atlantic said that the average price of a gallon of regular gas in the D.C. metro area was $3.55, compared to $3.56 the prior week (AP, 2013). Market speculators play a role because oil is a product to them that can be bought and sold based on instability of prices. Speculators try to forecast world events that could impact supply and demand. They buy contracts for oil to protect themselves from sudden increases in the price of oil and when prices rise, they can then sell their contracts that were purchased at a cheaper price for a significant profit (Herbert, 2008). Taxes also effect the variances in prices around the country. Refining oil to gas and transporting it to the marketplace also has a significant impact on the price of gas. A portion of the cost of gasoline goes to turning crude oil into fuel, moving it to gas stations, and retail markup.
1. A. Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the degree of responsiveness or sensitive of consumers to a change in price. The first determinant of price elasticity of demand is substituted for the product, which is the more substitutes, the more elastic the demand. Another determinant of price elasticity of demand is the proportion of price relative to income, generally the larger the expenditure relative to one’s budget, the more elastic the
Gas exchange is defined as the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells (Giddens page 161). Gas exchange in the human body occurs in the lungs and as the primary function of the respiratory system it exchanges two gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The process of gas exchange happens as we breath through ventilation, transport and perfusion. As you inhale oxygen, the oxygen travels deep into the lungs until it reaches the alveoli. Here in the alveoli oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Oxygen is able to enter into the blood while carbon dioxide is leaving the blood as waste to be exhaled from the lungs and out of the body. This oxygenated blood is then
The process of gas exchange is very important in living things as it allows the production of energy which is required in body cells in order for life process such as reproduction to take place. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the main gases involved in this process. Gas exchange is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the cells. It is essential for respiration to occur. A carbon dioxide build up in the body is extremely dangerous so this must be removed from the body. Respiration is a process which is required for living things as it removes carbon dioxide from the body and replaces it with oxygen, this being a requirement for survival.
Every year in the summer and winter gas supply changes. This is better known as the seasonal gasoline transition, and depending on what time of the year it is, gas stations change on the type of gas that
Petrol prices generally go up, rarely coming down even when global fuel prices go down. This is an ongoing expense too, a car is useless without fuel. Picking a car with a smaller engine can save fuel and modern cars also have been designed with better fuel economy, but as I have already mentioned modern cars cost more money upfront.