Future of Our Galaxy Galactic Millenium
What Does the Future Hold?
(adopted from an article by Greg Laughlin and Fred Adams, "Celebrating the Galactic Millennium", Astronomy November 2001)
Not too long ago, we were looking forward to the New Millennium. To many of us, this was an important event of our lives. On a larger scale, however, the New Millennium looks insignificant. "If we adopt an astronomical perspective, however, a much larger and more distant celebration remains on the schedule-the Galactic Millennium," write Greg Laughlin and Fred Adam in their article Celebrating the Galactic Millennium. Laughlin and Adam speculate about the proposed changes to the Universe in the future and the coming of the Galactic Millennium.
Present Day Galaxy
According to the authors, the present day galaxy is relentlessly empty and spans a tremendous scope. In a scale model of the galaxy where stars are the size of sand grains, the nearest stellar system (Alpha and Proxima Centauris) is six miles away. Our Galaxy contains approximately 100 Billion stars. In this model, the stars move through their orbits at a pace of only a few feet per terrestrial year. The sun takes nearly 100 million terrestrial years to make a full circuit of the galaxy. The last time the sun passed through our current galactic longitude was in the middle of the Cretaceous period, when the giant continent Gondwanaland was beginning to break up into African and South America and the giant Carnotaurus enjoyed its place at the top of the food chain (before the reign of T.Rex).
What Does the Future Hold?
The authors' prospected views on the future of our galaxy are rather harsh. The authors argue that a billion terrestrial years from now-in 10 galactic years-the galaxy will look much like it does now. Certain details, however, will be different. As the sun executes its next ten circuits around our galaxy's central hub, our today-familiar constellations will be scrambled one hundred times over. Many of the night stars in the sky will no longer exist. Deneb and Rigel, for example, will explode as supernovae. Sirious will swell into a red giant and puff out a planetary nebula. Alpha Centauri, currently the sun's closest neighbor, will recede from the sun, and its apparent brightness will fade below the threshold of naked-eye visibility.
As the next billion years unfold, Earth will face pressing problems because of sun's activity.
... row consisted of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, American Campaign Medal, the National Defense Service Medal and the World War II Victory Medal. The sixth row consisted of the Haitian Medaille Militaire, Korean Service Medal, Nicaraguan Cross of Valor and the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit. The seventh row consisted of the United Nations Korea Medal, the Order of Military Merit, Korean Presidential Unit Citation, Eulji Cordon Medal, and the Chinese Order of the Cloud and Banner, (Russell & Cohn, 2012).
Chesty’s dedication to serving his country made him stand out as a warrior-leader, a soldier to led by example. The military forces had to downsize after WWII, making Chesty an inactive member. He remained loyal until he was brought active again where his career was ripe with opportunity to serve. Chesty spent 27 of 37 active duty years at sea or overseas, holding the title of the most navy crosses a marine has earned f...
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The most common feature seen in diabetes is increased blood glucose levels. The main reason for this is either a decreased/ absent insulin production or resistance of the body to the action of insulin or both.
What happen to the caffeine when it is ingested, and what are its consequences? In addressing these questions, there have been many contributors spent much time to prove that caffeine has been shown to behave as an adenosine antagonist to stimulate motor activity, mood and behavior. This antagonist behavior is the basis for an increase in cholinergic and dopaminergic behavior after caffeine intake. Beside of that, the acute administration of caffeine has been reported by several laboratories to elevate brain level of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This increase of serotonin may be associated with the improvement in good mood. Recent studies also show the higher caffeine intake to a lower suicide risk. In this paper, I will investigate the caffeine at a biochemical level and relate its effects on physiological behavior of human with information from the recent research.
Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are people who view caffeine as a helpful stimulant that increases the individual’s concentration and awareness as well as many other physical traits. The important thing to remember is that caffeine’s affects vary based on the person, the amount ingested, the frequency of consumption, and individual metabolism. (http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/kopykit/caffeine.html)
The exact process by which it affects the body is unknown. It is suspected that caffeine affects the nervous system by altering the perception of effort and exciting the neurons responsible for contracting muscles. It may also be accountable for causing more fat and less...
Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas plays an important role of the metabolism of glucose by means of secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. These hormones where then secreted by Islets of Langerhans directly to the blood. Inadequate secretion of insulin results on impaired metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, proteins and fats which then result to hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Hyperglycemia is the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and is considered the etiologic source of diabetic complications both in the body and in the eye. On the other hand, glucagon is the hormone that opposes the act of insulin. It is secreted when blood glucose levels fall.
An underlying theme present throughout the series is the possibility that our existence is not the only one. According to current theories in physics, it is entirely possible that our universe is just one of many universes f...
To understand what diabetes is, you must first have an understanding of the processes that your body goes through to maintain a healthy blood sugar level. After eating a meal glucose, or simple sugar, is released into you blood. Your blood sugar level rises, which alerts your pancreas to release a hormone called insulin. Insulin is what tells your cells to take the glucose and use it for either energy or convert it to glycogen. Glycogen is the stored form of glucose, which is later broken back down to glucose as your body needs energy. When the glucose is taken up by the cells for energy or converted into storage form, your blood sugar returns to a normal level called homeostasis.
As we discussed in lecture, galaxies are constantly colliding with each other and these collisions shape the structure and evolution of galaxies. “Andromeda II provides direct evidence for the importance of mergers even for the smallest and least luminous of galaxies” (Amorisco et al, 2014, p. 3). By discovering more evidence of galactic collisions, cosmologists and astronomers will be able to determine the effect they have on the Universe. The merging of galaxies allows for them to grow bigger—small galaxies are merged to create ...
Understanding more about sunspots, their cycle, radiation, and magnetic properties will facilitate scientists to unlock the mysterious workings of the Sun. With today’s technology this understanding will come more quickly. Knowledge of sunspots may lead us to be able to predict when solar activity could affect the Earth like it did during the solar max in 1989. Information like this could eventually allow us to be able to protect ourselves from solar radiation.
In class I was looking forward learning about the Milky Way, it was something I have been interested in for some time. So in this paper I am going to expand on what we learned in class and talk a little bit more about our Milky Way. So The Milky Way is one of the cosmic galaxies that are made up of billions of stars. The solar system, which is part of Earth, is located in the galaxy. There are many legends about the name of this galaxy. The people our earth can see this galaxy and its stars on clear nights. Its stars look close despite the distance, giving a calm white color that looks like Milky way. In ancient Greek mythology said that “Heraclius wanted to suckle from Hera, but he could not.” He felt very disappointed and the
“Sheltered as we are by Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field, which deflect lethal radiation from space, we are like coddled children who have never ventured into a tough neighborhood” (Folger 2). Humans have been fascinated with space since the beginning of our time. Just like children and rough neighborhoods, we have tackled obstacle over obstacle to make it home again. In the end, we have a better knowledge and strength than before. The future of space exploration can assist us in answering the everlasting question of how the universe came to be. The more we explore the infinite galaxies, the more we can scientifically discover and create new technologies as science advances. As we continue to discover, we can create new fields and occupations for aspiring young students like myself.
The warming of the Earth is known more commonly as global warming. Maybe this subject is going to be fought over for centuries while we squander the time we have left, but even if we did stop doing the things that cause global warming, it will not bring it to a standstill. The main cause is pollution, and although scientists say that crude oil will be a thing of the past, alternatives to it will be created. Whether you consider the future to be one hundred years away or just a second, the conception of the future is always the same. There are numerous views on the future, but each one says the identical thing.
...n will look upon this star as their fatherland; its progress will be their ambition; the gratitude of others their reward. These bodies which now we: wear belong to the lower animals; our minds have already outgrown them; already we look upon them with contempt. A time will come when Science will transform them by means which we cannot conjecture, and which, even if explained to us, we could not now under stand, just as the savage cannot understand electricity, magnetism, steam. Disease will be extirpated; the causes of decay will be removed; immortality will be invented. And then, the earth being small, mankind will migrate into space, and will cross the airless Saharas which separate planet from planet, and sun from sun. The earth will become a Holy Land which will be visited by pilgrims from all the quarters of the universe. Finally, men will master the forces of Nature; they will become themselves architects of systems, manufacturers of worlds.