As a student of Saint Leo, it is our responsibility to uphold and utilize our core values. The core vale of “Excellence” states as follows, “All of us, individually and collectively, work hard to ensure that our students develop the character, learn the skills, and assimilate the knowledge essential to become morally responsible leaders” (Florida Catholic University). Using and creating opinions on data leaves one vulnerable to data fraud and other unethical qualms. In order to uphold the integrity and core value of “Excellence” we must be sure to provide accurate and honest representations of data that are provided.
When looking at the data from the following chart, one can appreciate how many different analyses can be made.
Data Set Nominal, Ordinal, Interval Discrete, Continuous Audience
Teacher Gender
Male- 6
Female- 4 Nominal Discrete Potential employees and Hiring Managers
Education Level
2 years or less- 1
2-4 years- 7
4 or more years- 2 Ordinal Discrete Human Resources Department, potential employees, and parents.
Student scores on last test
100-1
95-1
90-3
80-6
70-3
60-1
Interval Continuous Students, Parents, teachers
While the chart above provides us with a plethora of information, we can take it a step further by making it easier to distinguish factors such as percentages as well as totals. Starting with a frequency chart, one can appreciate the simplicity behind it.
Teacher Gender (Nominal, Ordinal ) Frequency
Male 6
Female 4
This chart simple allows us to be able to determine the number of males or females in the facility. This is important when potential employees are inquiring the current employee demographic. Having this information available will enable one to quickly determine whether the environ...
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... An administrator could simply inform the inquisitive parent that there are two employees that have more than four years of college level education and be correct; however that information doesn’t provide the whole story. Knowing the frequency doesn’t tell the entire story without knowing the total. In this case, two employees accounts for 20% of the facility. The parent would have a much better understanding of this information if he or she was advised the percentage. Furthermore, this chart also describes that the data presented is discrete ordinal data.
As one can see, data is very important in the education field. From the simplest form of frequency chart to relative frequency charts, the way that data is presented is vital. The extra time that it takes to calculate percentages could force a facility for miss a shipment resulting in hardships for others.
Carnevales’ main point was on the flaws of the National Bureau of Labor Statics (BLS) and how it does not give full information or data. In fact, Carnevale says that “The BLS education demand numbers, ranging from designation of college and non-college to their failure to reflect rising education
“Stat Wars” is the title of Chapter 5, and it describes the process of conflicts over such social statistics. There are debates over particular numbers, data collection, and statistics and hot-button issues. Knowing the causes of bad statistics outlined in Chapter Two will help readers in such stat wars.
Indexmundi (2013) ‘Historical Data Graphs per Year’ Indexmundi Available from http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=ei&v=21 [accessed on the 29-3-2014]
Next this information was then turned into a box and wicker plot for more in-depth interrogation of the data.
Rodney K. Smith’s mere opinion of his publication is that children with a higher level are more like to secure a job rather than those with no or little education. His view is upheld by the statistics of bureau that gives a clear statistics of the percentage of the salary earned by students with higher education and that of lower education. This makes his claim more reliable and credible because the bureau of labor and statistics is a reputable institution in the United States that deals with the percentage of people who work in United State. Smith’s own personal anecdote appeals to the feelings of the audience in which it ignites them with feelings of possibility.
Then, a scatterplot was formed with the data (Figure 3). It was a crucial graph as it helped determine the outliers in the information (see Appendix D for the outlier chart). Some of these outliers were located in towns with really low population numbers (the average population for an American city or town is around 20000)
. I decided to conduct my investigation in this way because the graphs backed up my evidence and it help me out with my argument because everything that I was arguing was proved right by the
For example, within the chapter titled “fauna” there is a pie chart which depicts the percentage of bones belonging to specific species out of the total amount of animal bones found in the tomb, thus far; the chart recounts to future researchers that the remains of Bos Taurus, or cow bones, were the most common type of animal remains found in the tomb by a margin of 40.9% (Weeks 2000: 129). Another example of data which was made more easily comprehendible via use of a table would be found within the chapter titled “pottery;” the table located on page 119 includes 3 columns which outline the chamber number, number of sherds excavated, and comments about characteristic majority from each chamber (Weeks 2000: 119). This type of data representation using graphs, charts and tables is valuable for future researchers as it creates a more readily available set of statistics on which one can draw conclusions, compare data from another site, and reference historical
Statistics and numbers get repeated so often and numbers are presented in large, whole quantities, e.g. 800,000 children younger than 18 are missing each year, or an average of 2,000 children reported missing each day in the United States. The statistics and numbers are not broken down ...
United States Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2004). The condition of education 2004. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
However on the other hand, for all advantages; there are disadvantages. In some instances when people utilize and manipulate data, they may knowingly falsify data so that it may adhere to ones beliefs or theories. In addition there are people who may deliberately tamper with information as well. When collecting information, there must be neutrality when assessing and collecting data. In addition, professional competence and integrity must be superior and finally, all research subjects or respondents must be safeguarded from potential harm and sabotage.
One of the most popular types of charts is the pie chart. The pie chart is used to visually represent the proportional value of individual parts to the whole. As the name describes, this is done by representing the numerical equivalence of each part as a piece of the whole pie, which in total equates to 100%. The Pennsylvania Department of Health (2001) says that pie charts are a good choice when a relatively small amount of parts, perhaps 3 to 7, need to be represented. With any more it becomes difficult to notice the differences in magnitude; thus, the pie chart loses its simplicity and impact. They can only be used when a total amount is known, one such example would be an election where the total of votes received by all candidates equals 100% of the votes. Or a budget where the total amount spending is divided in to categories such as labor, facilities costs, advertising, etc… which always are a part of the total. However, according to McBride (2003), the pie chart could not be used to show a change in spending through out a period. A pie chart shows data at one instance, like a snapshot and cannot be used to show change in data over time (para. 4). With the advent of computers, 3D graphs have become somewhat popular, unfortunately a negative aspect is that they add complexity to the image and can distort visual proportional value. It is recommended to stick with flat “2D” charts (para. 6).
Use appropriate tools that support data gathering (e.g. affinity diagram, brainstorming, fishbone, flowchart, force field, how-how, interrelationship digraph)
Assessments should be aligned to learning objectives. The assessment we administered was designed to measure students’ thinking about data. Common Core standard 3.MD.B3 asks students to draw a scaled graph to represent a data set with several categories. Solve one-and two-step “how many more” and “how many less” problems using information from the table (Council of Chief State School Officers, CCSS, 2010). The main purpose of this assessment was to evaluate student knowledge about graphs. We also wanted to know if students were able to compare and contrast information in the graph. We think that this is an important skill that students should be able to master. Students will encounter graphs while learning about other subjects. They must know how to collect data and use the information from gra...
Yet another educational outcome is data integrity. In the hands of students, this is a learned skill, taught early in life, and called telling the truth. Left up to the professor, an old familiar phrase comes to mind, “Inspect what you expect.” 2