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Impact of the French Revolution in Europe
Impact of the French Revolution in Europe
Impact of the French Revolution in Europe
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During the French Revolution, France initial plan was to become a better constitution. Louis XVI wanted to reform France, so he made all the three estates prepare cahiers. Some reforms people wanted were fairer taxes, freedom of the press, and regular meetings of the Estates-General. Cahiers allowed Louis XVI to know the problems that the people wanted to fix. With more knowledge of what the public wanted, there would be a bigger chance that they could be fixed. The Tennis Court Oath showed that the Third Estate wanted the chance to have a say in the government and how taxes should be lowered on ordinary items. As time passed the government did many things, like The Constitution of 1791 which set up a limited monarchy. After some time, France goes through a radical phase and violence breaks out and many people were killed. …show more content…
He believed that everyone should follow the Republic rule and if they complained, one of the secret policies could hear you. They would either execute or arrest you. During this time about 300,000 citizens were arrested and 17,000 were executed. These people once supported the Revolution and Robespierre didn’t like the people who thought that way. February 5, 1794, Robespierre gave one of his speeches he said “Hail to the Republic” or “Death to the traitors”. The Reign of Terror only lasted for a year but, during this time people were arrested or executed. During, the Reign of Terror France transformed back to the way it was before the revolution started. Robespierre changes France back to its original state, the state that everyone wanted to get out
“Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror.” The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrow him and become a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced “The Reign of Terror,” which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre.
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country. Over time, historians’ views on these questions have changed continually, leading many to question the different interpretations and theories behind the Revolutions effectiveness at shaping France and the rest of the world.
These leaders taught the French people more about what type of government would be the best option for them. One of the most radical, and extreme leaders was Maximilien Robespierre. The duration of his dictatorship was known as "Reign of Terror." He demanded a republic and soon after his demands the monarchy was overthrown. He also felt that a constitutional government would have to wait until all the enemies of the revolution had been eliminated.
The French Revolution was a period in French history that brought forth many new ideas that changed the country and guided it to its modern state.The many governments that were put in place have given guidelines that will be examples for modern countries. While the National Assembly attempted to embrace the enlightenment ideas, the committee of public safety and the napoleonic period betrayed many of the ideas put forth by people such as John Locke,Beccaria,and even Montesquieu.
In June 20, 1789 the members of National Assembly in France signed The Tennis Court Oath. The National Assembly consisted of representatives of France’s lower class - the Third Estate. In the Oath, 576 members of the Assembly swore that they would not separate until a written constitution had been established for France. This constitution would reject the doctrine of the ‘divine right’ of the King and the ideals of an absolute monarchy, stating that the power of the people resided not in the king, but in the people of the nation. As a result of this declaration, the revolutionaries gained power, political presence and the vision of a France worth fighting for.
It was estimated that 16,000 people were guillotined during the Reign of Terror. Death was immediate. Killing thousands of people was not conveniant to the society (Document F). The Reign of Terror was not beneficial for France. People were getting punishment by speaking poorly about he government was a punishment that could lead to prison and even death (Documnet E). The punishment was not really a crime and Robespierre's rule was uncessesary to the people in France and led people to die. In this regard, the Reign of Terror was not justified because the fact that the leader of the Reign of Terror was executed. Additionally, Robespiere was ruthless and would execute people by doing small
France had to declare bankruptcy after the American Revolution--war and debt helped bring down the monarchy. King, in 1787, called the Estates General, an assembly of noblemen buried since 1614. Thus the Revolution becan with an aristocratic attempt to recapture the state. "Men born and live free and equal under the law." Not democratic, but constitutional. The King was not King of France, but King of the French!!
First of all, the French Revolution is one of the reasons the Eiffel Tower was built. In 1789 the French Revolution started for many reasons. Those reasons are rising taxes, wanted a new ruler, food shortages, impoverished peasants, ravenous royals and violence. The revolution started as a dispute over tax reforms soon evolved to a movement for political reforms. Also what got the revolution started was the peasants were tired of the high taxes that was only put on them and also the high food prices. During the war they had guillotines that they first used it on one if the leaders of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre. He was sent to the guillotine by his rivals when he was in charge he had condemned many to the same fate. There were also lies, corruption, and angry town
The French Revolution started in 1787 because the country was going through financial difficulties and there was unrest between the classes of citizens in the country. The differences between the lower class citizens and higher classes, being nobles and the monarchy were great. The citizens had heard of the revolution that went on in the colonies and they also wanted freedom and independence. The real start of the French Revolution was on July 14, 1789, with the storming of the Bastille. Between 1789 1793, a constitution was written, feudalism was abolished, war had broken out, and King Louis XVI was put to death. In late 1793 and early 1794, Maximilien Robespierre became the head of the Committee of Public Safety in France. This was the new governing body in France; it could be compared to the executive branch of a government. Robespierre was a great leader, he ins...
His goals were to make France a constitutional republic instead of a monarchy. The new government Robespierre established, executed thousands of those who were believed to be enemies of the revolution. He had churches closed, denied the people of legal counsel, and even started drafting people to war. His original goal was peace. He stated, “In order to lay the foundations of democracy among us and and to consolidate it, in order to arrive at peaceful reign of constitutional law, we must finish the war of liberty against tyranny and safely cross through the storms of the revolution: that is the goal of the revolutionary system which you have put in order” (Document G). The only ones safe were the republicans, everyone else was due to die. Robespierre caused this anguish and even fell back on his promises. He only made the government system worse for the of
This oppression of the Third Estate along with the financial problems that fell on the common people would lead to the French Revolution. Overall, the people of France revolted against the monarchy because of the unsuccessful estate system and the inequality it led to, because of the new enlightenment ideas that inspired them, and because of the failures of the monarchy.
In 1789, the French people began to stand up to their current monarchical government in order to obtain rights and laws that they felt they deserved. The Reign of Terror followed after the Revolution and seemed to stand for the complete opposite of what the people had previously stood up for. The Reign of Terror began in 1793 and ended in 1794 due to the decapitation of Maximilien Robespierre. The Reign of Terror can be explained as a time period in France when many counter revolutionaries were killed because of their traditional beliefs. Counter revolutionaries believed in preserving the ways of the monarchy, but since the majority of people thought otherwise, these opposing beliefs led to death. The French government did not have good reason to conduct such drastic measures against those who challenged the Revolution.
“Europe cannot conceive of life without Kings and nobles; and we cannot conceive of it with them. Europe is lavishing her blood to preserve her chains, whereas we are lavishing ours to destroy them”(Maximilien Robespierre). For centuries upon centuries, the monarchal system had dominated European life. The very nature of this method of rule incited rebellious feelings, as a definite imbalance of power was present. Understandably, people under this system had risen against authority. The glorious nation of France was no exception. The eighteenth century brought about a great deal of economic and social turmoil. By the end of this one hundred year period, rebellion had been talked about by many citizens for quite some time. However, no definitive action was taken until one man stepped to the forefront; Maximilien Robespierre. Born in Arras, France about thirty years prior to the French Revolution, Robespierre was an immensely intelligent man as is seen from his ability to read and write fluently from the age of eight (the Force of 10). Robespierre rose from fairly humble origins to become a provincial lawyer, advancing further to become a representative in the Estates General, and eventually ascending to the leader of the French Revolution itself. For its sake he sent thousands to the guillotine, overthrew a monarchy, declared a new national religion, and invigorated the will of a nation. “No individual of the French Revolutionary era, with the exception of Napolean Bonaparte, has excited more passion in his time than the…dedicated provincial lawyer, Maximilien Robespierre”(Maximilien 1). During this era, Robespierre led France’s world inspiring cry for the liberation of mankind and petrified the world with its relentle...
Although, the Reign of Terror was seen as a way to let the revolution live and was well supported it was not justified. Because the internal threats propagated radicalism, the external threats raged and became stronger, and the methods became chaotic the Reign of Terror extended its stay in France until the death of the powerful leader Robespierre. The Reign of Terror was an outreach to gain rights but during this period they were taken away until the fateful day of Robespierre’s death ending the Terror.
The French Revolution is arguably the bloodiest period in French history, with men such as Maximilien Robespierre leading the country into a situation of state sponsored terror. Originally being quite a liberal thinker inspired by the works of Rousseau, Robespierre quickly gained a reputation for being a radical throughout the course of the Revolution, especially during the Terror. Early on terror was justified as a means to root out foreign and domestic enemies of the Revolution, however; once the foreign threat had been taken care of it became increasingly difficult for Robespierre to rationalize his use of terror to bring about a supposed Republic of Virtue. In his speech, the “Justification of the use of Terror” which he presented to the National Convention, he attempted to defend the actions of the Terror one last time. Unfortunately it appeared that Robespierre was going to become the very type of tyrant that he had strived to abolish along with the French Monarchy at the beginning of the Revolution. As demonstrated in the speech, Robespierre had become obsessed with ridding France of her enemies, however; his fixation with the Terror, even when it had become unnecessary, eventually caused the rest of the radicals to envision a France without him – and it cost him his life.