Pinxuan Lu HIST 104 4/16/2016 Frank Linderman’s Pretty-Shield: Medicine Women of the Crows The story is about Pretty-Shield’s youth which were days when a buffalo disappeared making her people adjust their way of living. They had to move to the reservations which were a sad move though nothing bad happened. Buffalo represented the stable life for the Crow people. When the Americans eliminated the Buffalo, the way of life of Crow was destroyed which crushed their spirits (Linderman, Frank. Pretty-shield 2003). Examination of the female experience within indigenous culture advanced the previous perceptions of the native culture experience in different ways. This book's nineteen parts to a great extent comprise of stories from Pretty-Shield's …show more content…
adolescence, including how the tribe that had adopted different cultural ways had created sustenance and awareness among each other, how they connected with various tribes, their religious practices and old stories, familial connections and battles with death. The most part, she encounters as a young lady amid the peak of the historical backdrop of the Crow Nation because of American development. She advises numerous stories of her childhood to Frank Linderman and she continued to discuss those occasions joyfully. A significant number of the stories themselves are just cheerful ones, ones expected to convey happiness to the audience. Different stories relate tribal practices and still others are mysterious stories, intended to educate a lesson and to learn from various indigenous cultural groups and their perception of things. Some of her stories were disastrous, however despite everything she let them know cheerfully. The stories illustrate her satisfaction as a youth. She claims again and again that her happiest days were the point at which her tribe moved over the Montana fields from season to season, from watering spot to watering place and from wild ox group to bison crowd, seldom halting, and dependable restlessly meandering. Another related subject is the pride of ladies. Pretty-shield grew up respecting her mother, her close relatives and other women of her tribe. She loved the life of a little girl and looked forward to marriage and motherhood. She was happy to be who she was and for the success of the ladies in the war. She shafts when she tells Frank that she let her help him in war, and she enthusiastically tells stories of when Crow ladies either won fights or the courage of two Crow women who were in the Little Bighorn Battle. This clearly indicates women enjoyed fighting too which made the feel reorganized in the society when allowed to participate in the battle. Women also feel proud to be involved in cultural activities and being treated in a special way by their men. There is a reason that Pretty-shield is essentially an arrangement of stories from her childhood. This is on account of the time after her childhood was uninteresting as well as discouraging as well. At the point when Frank Linderman meets with Pretty-shield, the Crow are restricted to their reservation in Southern Montana in the Montana region at Crow Agency, Montana, the central station of the Crow Nation (Grace Stone Coats2011). There were constraints to the Crow onto their reservation by the United States government.
The American agents pestered the Cow by using their assets. Due to constraints, the Crow had to interact with indigenous cultural group thus learning g from each other. United States government had on numerous occasions declined to respect its treatise and responsibilities to the Crow individuals, which reproduced severe hatred. What's more regrettable, the United States' kin had murdered off the wild ox. This was nothing shy of a mind blowing obliteration of a huge number of wild oxen slaughtered altogether in an unimaginably inefficient style. The Crow's type of life encompassed the wild ox, and when the bison vanished, the Crow type of life was devastated, and the spirits of the Crow Country were smashed, by the shield. Examination of Indian policy in Frank Linderman’s Pretty-Shield: Medicine Women of the Crows help to make sense after disappearing of Buffalo by depicting a vanishing population which sometimes is referred as vanishing Red Man. In this case, the Crow people are compared with disappearing people in that after the disappearance of the buffalo; The Crow people lost their hopes and their spirits crushed. The Crow faced constraints by the United States government. The American agents also pestered the Crow people. This made them lose their land, and their cultural practices were limited (Grace Stone
Coats2011). Pretty-shield grew up within constant skirmishes between the Crow and Lacota. The Lacota were the enemy of the Crow in her youth. The two tribes would routinely kill each other's men, sack each other's villages and capture each other's women and enslave them, along with their children. She tells numerous stories of these skirmishes later in the book. In fact, so many of these events occurred that many stories of Crow lore involve some conflict with the Lacota.
“Plenty-Coups Chief of the Crows” was authored by Frank Linderman in 1930. This book interested me because it was Plenty-Coups account of his life. Plenty-Coups couldn’t write English. So when Mr. Linderman came by asking for his account of his life, Plenty-Coups couldn’t deny. Also why this book interested me was because we were learning about the Native American’s when I picked this book. Final reason why I picked this book is because I have never read a Native’s auto biography.
It had previously been the policy of the American government to remove and relocate Indians further and further west as the American population grew, but there was only so much...
Wooster R. (1998). The Military and United States Indian policy 1865-1903 (pp. 43, 47). West
In the text “Seeing Red: American Indian Women Speaking about their Religious and Cultural Perspectives” by Inés Talamantez, the author discusses the role of ceremonies and ancestral spirituality in various Native American cultures, and elaborates on the injustices native women face because of their oppressors.
We turn back the clock as Welch draws on historical sources and Blackfeet cultural stories in order to explore the past of his ancestors. As a result, he provides a basis for a new understanding of the past and the forces that led to the deciding factor of the Plains Indian tribes. Although Fools Crow reflects the pressure to assimilate inflicted by the white colonizers on the Blackfeet tribes, it also portrays the influence of economic changes during this period. The prosperity created by the hide trade does not ultimately protect the tribe from massacre by the white soldiers. It does, however, effectively change the Blackfeet economy and women's place in their society. Thus, it sets the stage for the continued deterioration of their societal system. Although their economic value is decreased, women still represent an important cog in the economic structure. Indeed, women are central to the survival of the Blackfeet tribal community that Welch creates and in many ways this strength and centrality provide background for the strength of the women depicted in his more contemporary novels. Welch's examination of the past leads to a clearer understanding of the present Blackfeet world presented throughout his work.
...that actually experienced it. The author gives a good background of the relationship white settlement and Indian cultures had, which supported by the life experience. An author depicts all the emotions of struggle and happiness at the times when it is hard to imagine it. And it actually not the author who is persuasive, but the Black Elk himself, because he is the one that actually can convey the exact feeling and images to the reader.
O'Neill, Laurie A.. Chapter 9: Final Defeat of the Plains Indians. The Millbrook Press, 1993. eLibrary.
Talking Back to Civilization , edited by Frederick E. Hoxie, is a compilation of excerpts from speeches, articles, and texts written by various American Indian authors and scholars from the 1890s to the 1920s. As a whole, the pieces provide a rough testimony of the American Indian during a period when conflict over land and resources, cultural stereotypes, and national policies caused tensions between Native American Indians and Euro-American reformers. This paper will attempt to sum up the plight of the American Indian during this period in American history.
Lakota Woman Essay In Lakota Woman, Mary Crow Dog argues that in the 1970’s, the American Indian Movement used protests and militancy to improve their visibility in mainstream Anglo American society in an effort to secure sovereignty for all "full blood" American Indians in spite of generational gender, power, and financial conflicts on the reservations. When reading this book, one can see that this is indeed the case. The struggles these people underwent in their daily lives on the reservation eventually became too much, and the American Indian Movement was born. AIM, as we will see through several examples, made their case known to the people of the United States, and militancy ultimately became necessary in order to do so.
The Indian Removal Act drove thousands of natives off their tribal lands and forced them west to new reservations. Then again, there are those who defend Jackson's decision stating that Indian removal was necessary for the advancement of the United States. However, the cost and way of removing the natives was brutal and cruel. The opposition fails to recognize the fact that Jackson’s removal act had promised the natives payment, food, and protection for their cooperation, but Jackson fails to deliver any of these promises. Furthermore, in “Indian removal,” an article from the Public Broadcasting Service, a description of the removal of the Cherokee nation is given.
Kugel, Rebecca, and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy. Native women's history in eastern North America before 1900: a guide to research and writing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
With hope that they could even out an agreement with the Government during the progressive era Indian continued to practice their religious beliefs and peacefully protest while waiting for their propositions to be respected. During Roosevelt’s presidency, a tribe leader who went by as No Shirt traveled to the capital to confront them about the mistreatment government had been doing to his people. Roosevelt refused to see him but instead wrote a letter implying his philosophical theory on the approach the natives should take “if the red people would prosper, they must follow the mode of life which has made the white people so strong, and that is only right that the white people should show the red people what to do and how to live right”.1 Roosevelt continued to dismiss his policies with the Indians and encouraged them to just conform into the white’s life style. The destruction of their acres of land kept being taken over by the whites, which also meant the destruction of their cultural backgrounds. Natives attempted to strain from the white’s ideology of living, they continued to attempt with the idea of making acts with the government to protect their land however they never seemed successfully. As their land later became white’s new territory, Indians were “forced to accept an ‘agreement’” by complying to change their approach on life style.2 Oklahoma was one of last places Natives had still identity of their own, it wasn’t shortly after that they were taken over and “broken by whites”, the union at the time didn’t see the destruction of Indian tribes as a “product of broken promises but as a triumph for American civilization”.3 The anger and disrespect that Native tribes felt has yet been forgotten, white supremacy was growing during the time of their invasion and the governments corruption only aid their ego doing absolutely nothing for the Indians.
The U.S. Government sponsored solution to the “Indian Problem” started in the early nineteenth century among the southern s...
Native Americans in particular were abused by white people in the States. From the 16th century and on, European nations rushed into the “New World,” claiming terrain that Native Americans had lived on for hundreds of years. Treaties were repeatedly made with the United States government and Native American ethnic groups. These treaties generally brutally kicked the “Indians” out of their land and pushed them farther and farther west. The Indian Removal act of 1830 encompassed more than five tribes and pressing all of them out of the southern United States. While some Natives fought back, many were forced to comply in order to save themselves from the Americans’ wrath. Eventually the white people themselves went so far west that there was no longer anywhere to put the Native Americans. In order to deal with this conundrum, the American army forced most tribes to abide on reservations in hopes that they would gradually become civilized and assimilate to the American culture. These reservations were often iniquitous and atrocious places. It was almost unfeasible for the Indians to hunt the w...
For decades, the United States practiced policies of removal to gain valuable land for itself. The policies of removal, assimilation, and concentration caused the deaths of thousands of Natives. The song Indian Reservation by Paul Revere and the Midnight Raiders is a reminder of the Trail of Tears, which killed a ¼ of the Indians that marched. The government removed the Indians from Georgia to benefit the plantation owners in the south, at the expense of the Native people in the area. Even the Supreme Court of the United States agreed that removal of the Indians from that land would be illegal, but President Jackson went ahead and did it anyways. The Indians marched over a thousand miles until they were west of the Mississippi River. It also gives a general overview of how the whites put the Indians on reservations and tried to assimilate them. “The beads we made by hand are nowadays made in Japan,” shows how the whites took over the Indian’s culture and commercialized it. Another situation in which the government practiced assimilation and concentration was with Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce. Joseph’s tribes were cooperative and sold their land to the whites as long as they got to live in their valley, but eventually the whites wanted all their land. The Indians fled and tried to make it to Canada, but 30 miles from the border they were caught and rounded up. They were sent to live on reservations, and most died of white diseases or starvation. By the year 1890, all Indians were on reservations. The Blackhawk war, which happened over land disputes in Wisconsin and Illinois, also led to the death and relocation of numerous Indians. This disrespect towards the Indians was typical of the time period.