Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Masculinity in american society 20th c
Essays on diversity within an organization
Essays on diversity within an organization
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Masculinity in american society 20th c
Similar to a garden salad, the United States is made up of various ingredients continuously being tossed together (Lustig & Koester, 2013). Therefore, U.S. American culture, as a whole, can be difficult to identify. The blending of diverse people in the United States creates multiple perspectives of what U.S. American culture truly represents. However, although the persons of the United States are individually unique, there are central tendencies within society that outline the overall culture. Geert Hofstede has created a framework that defines culture based on six different dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence. Countries are given a score based on how much emphasis …show more content…
The United States received a relatively low score within this dimension, meaning that inequality is not very accepted. U.S. Americans tend to take the least common denominator approach by minimizing any inequalities and promoting uniformities. “Especially in the United States, the concept of freedom for every citizen is strongly connected to their attitude towards inequality, enhanced by the focus on equal rights in all parts of U.S. American society” (Boeing, 2013, p.25). Furthermore, U.S. American society emphasizes “liberty and justice for all” along with the notion of the “American Dream”. These ideals demonstrate the inclusivity society; no one person is more superior or inferior to another. Everyone has an equal opportunity. For example, within U.S. American organizations, people of power rely on their subordinates just as much as their subordinates rely on them. Communication is very informal and inclusive where all types of information are shared freely. On the other hand, in countries with a high power distance score, organizations are not concerned with cooperation and mutual participation among employees or members. Moreover, they are concerned with the power structure and employing top-down management styles. The United States is …show more content…
He examines different countries and cultures as to whether they exhibit more masculine or feminine characteristics. According to Hofstede (2003), this dimension can be defined as, “the markedness of distinction between social gender roles” (p.1). The United States scored high in this dimension, meaning that U.S. American behavior reflects masculinity. “The societal norm in a country, such as the United States, with a high score on the masculinity dimension is to have an achievement ideal, to have a ‘machismo’ ideal, to value productivity, and to try to be the best. In these countries big and fast are beautiful where citizens live in order to work” (Albers-Miller, & Gelb, 1996, p. 64). U.S. American society has a very dynamic society in which people believe there is always an opportunity to do and be better. They have a “winner takes all” mentality. For example, within most U.S. American organizations, institutions, and companies people try to climb the ladder, ultimately aiming to position themselves atop everyone else. They are constantly running after these goals not only to show off how well they have performed, but also because these people are motivated by work. Consequently, due to the working culture, the U.S. American society places a greater emphasis on material and monetary rewards. This increases their score within this dimension because masculinity is characterized by achievement and
In Kimmel’s essay “’Bros Before Hos’: The Guy Code” he argues that the influence of society on masculinity is equal to or greater than biological influences on masculinity. In the essay, Kimmel uses various surveys and interviews to validate his argument. He points to peers, coaches, and family members as the people most likely to influence the development of a man’s masculinity. When a man has his manliness questioned, he immediately makes the decision never to say or do whatever caused him to be called a wimp, or unmanly. Kimmel’s argument is somewhat effective because the readers get firsthand accounts from the interviewees but the author does not provide any statistics to support his argument.
In the essay, “The High Cost of Manliness,” writer Robert Jensen discusses the harmful effects of having male specific characteristics, such as masculinity. Jensen realizes that men’s actions and ways of living are judged based upon the characteristic of being manly. He argues that there is no valid reason to have characteristics associated with being male. Society has created the notion that masculinity is the characteristic that defines males as males.
Men are allegedly competitive, aggressive, dominant, and strong and if these attributes are not acquired a man is not a man. When other men recognize a man failing in those four areas of “manliness” they compare him to a female with negative connotation as expressed in the following quote, “The worst insult one man can hurl at another-whether its boys on the playground or CEOs in the boardroom-is the accusation that a man is like a woman.” These actions create perceptions that women are unworthy and pitiful. Jensen mentions that because of masculinity men are thought to seek control over women resulting in an increase of physical violence towards women. However, masculinity has harsh effects on men as well. Men are constantly trying to prove their dominance to each other, while competing against one another for ultimate dominance. This creates a never ending cycle of competition and unease for
In today’s society, Cultural diversity in the United States of America can be seen in all aspects of life, such as in the media, workplace, household, and schools. Cultural diversity is defined as the characteristic of diverse cultures, as contradicting to monoculture, as in a homogenization of cultures, affiliated to cultural decay. In this present stage America, most individuals inaccurately use phrases such as “American culture,” or “Western culture,” as if such common and standardized cultures exist. People, in general, neglect to acknowledge the presence of cultural diversity, and cultural differences within the American society.
140). Hegemonic masculinity alludes to the stratification and interpretations of masculinity and, progressive systems of force, power, and acknowledgement among men, and amongst men and women (Connell, 1993). “International research has strongly confirmed the initial insight that gender orders construct multiple masculinities” (Connell, & Messerschmidt, 2005, p. 835). At any point in time, one type of masculinity can be socially elevated and more prominent in social settings (Connell, 1993). Hegemonic masculinity is the arrangement of gender stereotypes that encapsulates the current acknowledged response to the issue of the authenticity of patriarchy—which ensures the predominant position of men and the subordination of women (Connell, 1997). Furthermore, a considerable body of research shows that masculinities are not simply different but also subject to change” (Connell, & Messerschmidt, 2005, p. 835). “Hegemonic gender norms set expectations about what is “appropriate” for men and women” (Friedman, 2015, p. 147). For example, in our neoliberal capitalist culture men and women are bombarded with marketing that supports hegemonic masculinity and defines what being a man or woman should look like. “Hegemonic masculinity was understood as the pattern of practice (i.e., things done, not just a set of role expectations or an identity) that
hold these values then it would be any other country. But these values are the characteristics of
In one of our class discussions on hegemonic masculinity, we attempted to define a general list of characteristics or behaviors that one should have in order to attain this ideal. However, there was no consensus on these qualities. Frequently, the qualities that we would suggest would be those that were the opposite of qualities associated with women. For example, if we would categorize being emotional as a trait assigned to women, we would assign the trait of being impassive to men. This would also occur when we considered which behaviors would be considered masculine. While we assumed women would perform work inside of the house, we assigned men to work outside of the house, doing activities such as maintaining the yard or fixing the car. Most of, if not all of, the qualities and behaviors we assigned as being a part of hegemonic masculinity perpetuated the idea of gender inequality. When we assumed that those characteristics would be considered aspects of hegemonic masculinity, we restricted them to only being assigned to men because if a woman could possess those characteristics, it wouldn’t be considered a masculine aspect. This also explains how hegemonic masculinity can perpetuate
... E Glenn, and Nancy B Sherrod. The psychology of men and masculinity:Research status and future directions. New York: John Wiley and sons, 2001.
Before we get into how we aren’t the greatest country, what classifies a country to be the greatest in the world? According to OECD, (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), they classify what it takes to be a great nations on a few values where we aren’t doing so well in. This organization only has records and statistics for 34 participating countries. Nevertheless, we only do best between them all in one category. We place second in the category of money and wealth, behind Luxembourg. The other three categories are: Land of Opportunity, where we placed twelfth, Joy of Life, where we placed sixteenth, and Safety, where we placed twenty-eighth. (4) To make a country great, it takes a combination of things and the hard work of that nation. A few major things a growing country would need to become great, are: a solid economy, a sound society, good leadership, and the will of the people, to name a few. Each of these things that are needed have many finer points below them that all work towards their main goal.
In the views of Micheal Kimmel “hegemonic masculinity” is a socially constructed process where men are pressured by social norms of masculine ideals to perform behaviors of a “true man” and its influence on young male’s growth. It is the ideology that being a man with power and expressing control over women is a dominant factor of being a biological male. The structure of masculinity was developed within the 18th to 19th century, as men who owned property and provided for his family with strength related work environments was the perfect example of being a generic “American man.” Kimmel introduces Marketplace Manhood and its relation to American men. He states, “Marketplace Masculinity describes the normative definition of American masculinity.
America is one of the wealthiest nations on earth with having a high inequality than other industrialized country. Inequality exists in income, wealth, power and education. Persons who are legally and socially poor in the United states tend to stay in a cycle through life, not always by choice but because they are given fewer opportunities, education and tools to achieve success. Poverty class has a much larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is lessens through opportunity and is shown through statistics.
Culture can simply be defined as ‘way of life’ of a group of people. It is about the way groups do things. There can be several ways of thinking about and studying culture. Gail McDonald studied the culture of America through four concepts that include “big, rich, new and free”. (McDonald)For this essay, I would like to define and analyze the American culture in terms of ‘freedom’. I selected this dimension because it has been one of the most distinct dimensions of American culture and it has contributed a lot in making what America is today. It will be interesting to analyze how this cultural dimension has contributed shaping the culture of the United States through the course of time.
It represents the distribution of emotional roles between the genders. Masculine cultures are valued as competitiveness, assertiveness, materialism, ambition and power. In contrast, femininity cultures are inclined to relationships and quality of life. Masculinity culture is more obvious in larger organization as the management is more decisive and aggressive, thus, it shows a relatively lower share of working women in professional jobs. In femininity organization, the employees work in order to live and prefer leisure time than money. The resolution of conflict in masculinity is letting the strongest win but in femininity, the employees solve conflict in a harmonious way by compromising and