Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Contrasting viewpoints of the crusades
World history 02.03 the crusades
The first crusade
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto with his nephew, Tancred. Less than a year after Pope Urban II’s call, these groups departed for Byzantium in August 1096. A less organised band of knights known as the People’s Crusade left before the others under the command of a popular preacher known as Peter the Hermit.
Peter’s army crossed the Bosporus in early August, disobeying Alexius’ command to wait for the rest of the Crusaders. Because of this, the first major battle between the Crusaders and Muslims, the Turkish forces came out on top and defeated the invading Europeans at Cibotus. Another group of Crusaders led by Count Emicho led many massacres of Jews in different towns in the Rhineland in 1096. This caused massive outrage across Europe and the Holy Land and broke anything left of the Jewish-Christian relations.
…show more content…
One of the leaders, Bohemond refused to take the oath. The Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked Nidea, the Seljuk capital in Anatolia and forced the city to surrender in late
The First Crusade was propelled in 1095 by Pope Urban II to recover control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Christian Holy Land from Muslims.
Now, in 1198, in order to raise the papacy rather than take the Holy Land, Pope Innocent III, called for another crusade. This crusade is mostly being led by French Knights and instead attempting to capture Jerusalem, they end up sacking the Christian city of Constantinople! After the fourth Crusade, the other crusades were disorganized efforts that accomplished little to
The First Crusade was called in 1096 by Pope Urban II. The reasons for the First Crusade was to help obtain Jerusalem known as the holy land. During this time period the Muslims were occupying Jerusalem. First Crusade contained peasants and knights’ whose ethnicities consist of Franks, Latin’s, and Celts which were all from the western part of Europe. To get peasants and knights to join Pope Urban II objectives in return of a spiritual reward called “remission of all their sins” which was to be redeemed of any sins the individual has committed. When sins are redeemed Crusaders believed that they will escape the torment of hell. When lords and knights joined the crusade they were known as military elites. Crusaders were known as soldiers of Christ.
The First Crusade is often cited as one of the most damnable consequences of religious fanaticism. A careful inspection of the circumstances and outcomes, however, will reveal a resultant political restructuring of Europe under the banner of Christendom. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate Pope Urban II’s motives in initiating the First Crusade, with a particular focus on the consolidation of the Western Church’s influence in Europe. Among the primary sources that will be consulted are the letter sent by Patriach Alexios of Constantinople to Urban, and an account of Urban’s speech at Clermont. Relevant excerpts from both of these primary sources, as well as contextual evidence and a wide array of historiography, will be taken
Jerusalem was the main and last goal for the crusaders, the city was protected only by an army of a thousand soldiers, so the city fell raver quickly. On the 7th of July 1099 the knights reached the city, but on the 15th they already captured it. The whole Jewish diaspora was killed as well, they all gathered in the big synagogue, where crusaders burned them with the church itself. Nearly 10 thousand Muslims were killed in the Dome of Rock. The murders were sometimes stopped with prayers, than the crusaders continued their "holy" slaughter.
In the year 1095 the First Crusade was just beginning. Pope Urban II called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors. He promised indulgences and the gift of eternal life in the Kingdom of Heaven for fighting in the holy war. Those that answered the call were peasants, beggars, the poor looking for riches and the unknown looking for glory. What started out as a pilgrimage to help fellow Christians secure their borders and repel foreign invaders soon became the first of many Holy Wars for the Kingdom of God.
How did the Crusades affect the Christians, Muslims, and Jews? The crusades impacted them all greatly for they were all a key part of the Crusades. Occasionally A religion may get a positive consequence but most of the time it was a negative one. Why did they all want Jerusalem? They all wanted it because it had a religious value to them. For the Jews, it was their spiritual city where the great temple once stood. For the Christians, it was where Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead. Last but not least for the Muslims it was where Muhammad rose to heaven during the night journey.
Thomas Madden’s Crusades is an exposition of the crusades, which occurred during the Middle Ages. The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a religious character. They remain a very important movement in human history, and are hard to understand, as they include several themes and they lasted for a long time (about two hundred years, and the author covers a period of about eight centuries in his chronological work). Religion is, of course, the most recurrent theme we think about the Crusades, but is it the only factor to explain them? How does Madden, considered as one of the most foremost historian of the Crusades, expose them in his book? Is his work effective to understand this period of History? Madden has the ambition to relate the Crusades from the Middle Ages to today events, such as the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. For him, it is a recall of what happened in the past, and what can still happen today: making wars for religion. Madden wants to intrigue readers with this concise book so they go further to discover more about the Crusades.
The First Crusade was established in 1095 in a council of the Church in Clermont. Alexius I Commenus, emperor of Byzantium, wanted to control Asia Minor and Northern Syria after losing to the Turks. He needed more Western troops and looked towards Pope
In 1095, Pope Urban II called the first crusade. Happening between 1096 and 1099, the first crusade was both a military expedition and a mass movement of people with the simple goal of reclaiming the Holy Lands taken by the Muslims in their conquests of the Levant. The crusade ended with the capture of Jerusalem in July 1099. However, there has been much debate about whether the First Crusade can be considered an ‘armed pilgrimage’ or whether it has to be considered as a holy war. This view is complicated due to the ways in which the Crusade was presented and how the penitential nature of it changed throughout the course of the Crusade.
A main cause of the Crusades was the treatment of Christian pilgrims. They were robbed, beaten, and then sold. The main group of Turks, the Seljuk Turks, were threatening and growing in power. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexus I, began to become worried and sent out an urgent plea to Pope Urban II, in Rome. He requested for Christian knights to help him fight the Turks. Pope Urban II did agree to his appeal although Byzantine Emperors and Roman Popes were longtime rivals. He also did agree with Alexus I, in fearing that the Turks were expanding. Pope Urban encouraged French and German Bishops and Nobles to also take part in this. “ An accused race has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and had depopulated them by pillage and fire.” This is when Pope Urban II called for a crusade to free the Holy Land. Urban did agree to this having some of his own motives in mind. He was hoping his power would grow in ...
It’s 1095, and the Seljuk Turks, a Muslim empire, have control of the Holy City of Jerusalem. Not only that, but they are terrorizing Christians that wish to pilgrimage to where Jesus Christ had lived. The Byzantine Empire, home of the Eastern Christians, start to fear the worst. Their Emperor, Emperor Alexius, calls for help in the West where Pope Urban II is leader. Urban makes a speech to his people, explaining how they must take back the Holy Land, for their brethren, and for their Lord. So the crusaders left, driven by religious devotion.
In the eleventh century, Jerusalem was taken over by the Turks. This sparked the Crusades; the Crusades ended up lasting 200 years. The third crusade was deemed unsuccessful because Jerusalem was still in Muslim hands. In 1198, Pope Innocent issued the need for a Fourth Crusade. Excitement was stirred up by Priest Faulk of Neuilly after he preached at a knight tournament (Williams 103).
With the mission seemingly completed after the First Crusade, the armies demobilized and many of the Crusaders departed Jerusalem. The remaining Crusaders divided the conquered lands into four territories for governance: Jerusalem, Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli. In time, the Muslims countered with their own holy war (jihad) against the Christians with the goal or regaining control over Jerusalem. In 1144, the Seljuks recaptured Edessa. This development led to other Crusades. Since the military battles are not the major focus of this research effort, I will only briefly describe the remaining Crusades.
After Crusaders accomplished their goal in a short period of time, many of them returned home to their families. Those that stayed established Crusader States in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, and Tripoli. Castle guarded the Crusader States so that they could have the upper hand in the region until 1130. Muslims continued to gain land in their Holy War against other Christians. They called the Christians “Franks”. In 1144, Edessa was captured by the governor of Mosul, Zangi. The news of the capture traveled throughout Europe, and they were flabbergasted about it. Authorities called for another Crusade which were led by King Louis VII, from France, and King Conrad III, from Germany. The Turks hit Conrad’s army in Dorylaeum. The kings then reassembled their armies in Jerusalem and attacked the Syrian base in Damascus. They had the largest Crusader force with numbers reaching 50,000. The ruler of Damascus had to call Nur al-Din, Zangi’s successor, for aid in the battle. Even though their armies were combined, the Muslims still fell short of a victory over the Crusaders. This battle ended the Second