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Foucault femininity and modernization of patriarchal power summary
The role of women in ancient Greek society
The role of women in Greek society
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. A contemporary or modern family from a folk philosophical perspective can be seen as any family that consists of any structures that differ from a stereotypical and traditional family. This ideal of a traditional family can be linked and seen as a form of a patriarchal institution in which the structure consists of a male father, a female mother, and children. The mother in this foundation is seen as subservient to the father and the children to their parents. Hartmann describes the heroic age and Greeks’ differing beliefs in society compared to her life at home to her husband. In society, women are more respected “than in the period of civilization, but to her husband she is after all nothing but the mother of his legitimate children and …show more content…
Foucault uses the expression ‘power/knowledge’ to indicate that through accepted forms of knowledge, understanding and ‘truth’ scientifically, power is constituted. Power is what makes us what we are as human beings on a diverse level. Foucault sees that power is not just a negative, coercive, or repressive act that forces us to “conform” but it can be a necessary and productive force that is positive in society. Foucault’s ideas of power in society points to many of the ways that norms of society can be so embedded in us beyond perception and this causes us to discipline ourselves even without thinking of the wilful intimidation from …show more content…
In the article, Why Super Bowl Advertisers Are OK That the Commercials Don’t Boost Sales, by Wolff-Mann in 2016 it is shown through studies that companies are okay that these advertisements during the Super Bowl don’t automatically start selling products. However, these advertisements can boost product awareness among customers- which to companies matters the most. The article explains that, “In 2014, Ad Age reported that communications firm Communicus found that 60% of Super Bowl ads didn’t boost purchases—or even intent to purchase—though it did increase “brand awareness.””. There are viewers that tune into the Super Bowl game every year simply because of the commercials and how well known they are to bring light to the game even if you aren’t rooting for one team in particular. The simple fact of companies knowing that there are millions of people that will be watching their commercial has already increased brand awareness before it even hits the television. The idea of disciplinary power applied to this article shows that the focus and laughable parts that come with Super Bowl commercials mark a spot in every viewer’s brain. These companies are paying 5 million dollars to put their ad on television during the Super Bowl to increase their awareness to customers. When customers see the ad
The National Football League (NFL) and NASCAR thrive on sponsors and vice versa. An NFL game is by far the most watched single game event in the country and gaining popularity exponentially worldwide. Their championship, the Super Bowl, is arguably the most watched television program in that particular year. In NASCAR, the Daytona 500 is their “Super Bowl” and is a very large event in its own right. Corporations all over the world jump on these mega advertising vehicles with the hope that their name is popularized which will result in profitability. In many cases, most of those who do buy airtime during NFL games, the Super Bowl, and during the major NASCAR races are very visible names and products that we already know about. Most of the time, these companies are trying to market new products or products that have been enhanced.
According to Robert Scholes, author of On Reading a Video Text, commercials aired on television hold a dynamic power over human beings on a subconscious level. He believes that through the use of specific tools, commercials can hold the minds of an audience captive, and can control their abilities to think rationally. Visual fascination, one of the tools Scholes believes captures the minds of viewers, can take a simple video, and through the use of editing and special effects, turn it into a powerful scene which one simply cannot take his or her eyes from. Narrativity is yet another way Scholes feels commercials can take control of the thoughts of a person sitting in front of the television. Through the use of specific words, sounds, accompanying statements and or music, a television commercial can hold a viewer’s mind within its grasp, just long enough to confuse someone into buying a product for the wrong reason. The most significant power over the population held by television commercials is that of cultural reinforcement, as Scholes calls it. By offering a human relation throughout itself, a commercial can link with the masses as though it’s speaking to the individual viewer on an equal level. A commercial In his essay, Scholes analyzes a Budweiser commercial in an effort to prove his statements about the aforementioned tools.
Foucault capitalizes that power and knowledge contribute to the discourse of sex; he discusses how people in power controlled this discourse to repress sex entirely. Foucault talks about the repressive hypothesis in his book. The repressive hypothesis states that whoever holds the power, also controls the discourse on sexuality. Specifically, those in power, according to the repressive hypothesis, exercise to repress the discussion of sex. In addition, Foucault comments that knowledge represents power. Whoever has the power can dictate the language of the population, thus this causes powerful people to also regulate the knowledge of the population. Although Foucault does not agree with every aspect that the repressive hypothesis exclaims, he agrees about the timing of when people started to repress sex. With rise of the bourgeoisie in the 17th century, a rise in tighter control about sex also took place. Foucault stated that the discourse of sex remained
Advertisement is defined as a public notice, a paid announcement which is meant to attract an audience who interprets themselves with the ad. The human mind is so attractive to new things that it makes it harder for these big companies to come up with new idea to catch our attention. It’s a huge cycle that leads us to an uncontrolled opinion and gives the power to decide for us to the advertisement companies. “Peyton Manning-Gatorade Commercial” is a great way to bait young viewers’ attention into not only buying the product of Gatorade but also making them more notable to watch football.
Over long periods of time change is often inevitable. One such instance of change throughout history is that of family members and their role in not only the family, but also in society as a whole. Although changes can be seen in the roles of every family member, it can be argued that the role of women in the family, especially that of mothers, changed the most. Between the sixteenth century and the twentieth century, the role that mothers played in the family and in society changed greatly.
Athenian Women: Just as a mother nurses a child, Athenian society, nurtured and cultivated a submissive role for women. In Athens, women endured many difficulties and hardships in multiple areas including marriage, wealth, and social life. All three elements shaped and formed the mold of the submissive female. In Athens, women had no legal personhood and were assumed to be part of a household headed by a male. Until marriage, women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative, once married the husband became the woman’s guardian. Marriage, a modern romanticized idea of being united with a lifelong partner by love was the furthest thought from the mind of a woman living in ancient Greece. When a young woman was to marry, she was given in marriage by her male relatives. The woman’s voice had no bearing on the matter legally or otherwise. Marriage was seen as an exchange making it a practical business arrangement, not a love match.
The Super Bowl is a game that has been and will continue to be watched and celebrated by almost every American. Friends and families gather to enjoy typical tailgating snacks, while watching the national football leagues. However, the game is not the only aspect of the Super Bowl that grabs society’s attention. Super Bowl commercials draw viewers in by using tactics that are never seen in an average commercial. As time increases and technology further develops, do Super Bowl commercials such as Kia’s “Hero’s Journey” use different tactics to try to grab America’s attention or do they waste their time and money as Bruce Horovitz believes?
(Flynn 1996, 28) One important aspect of his analysis that distinguishes him from the predecessors is about power. According to Foucault, power is not one-centered, and one-sided which refers to a top to bottom imposition caused by political hierarchy. On the contrary, power is diffusive, which is assumed to be operate in micro-physics, should not be taken as a pejorative sense; contrarily it is a positive one as ‘every exercise of power is accompanied by or gives rise to resistance opens a space for possibility and freedom in any content’. (Flynn 1996, 35) Moreover, Foucault does not describe the power relation as one between the oppressor or the oppressed, rather he says that these power relations are interchangeable in different discourses. These power relations are infinite; therefore we cannot claim that there is an absolute oppressor or an absolute oppressed in these power relations.
Pierre Bourdieu was a highly influential theorist. He provides a unique and fascinating definition or understanding of power as well as an explanation and analysis into how power works. This work serves to outline what is this specific concept of power means and contains, how it is created, what are the various forms it takes on and in general, how power works. Power is a difficult concept to define conclusively or definitively however, Bourdieu explains power to be a symbolic construct that is perpetuated through every day actions and behaviours of a society, that manipulate power relations to create, maintain and force the conforming of peoples to the given habitus of that society (Bourdieu, 1977). Power, is a force created through the social conventions of a specific community that dictate what is expected or accepted by the people while also determining how they understand the world in which they live (Bourdieu, 1977).
In Foucault’s analysis, the concept of Panopticon is developed based on the manipulation of knowledge and power as two coexisting events. He believes that knowledge is obtained through the process of observation and examination in a system of panopticon. This knowledge is then used to regulate the behaviors and conduct of others, creating an imbalance in power and authority. Not only can knowledge create power, power can also be used to define knowledge where the authority can create “truth”. This unbalance of knowledge and power then marks a loss of power for the ends being watched, resulting in an unconditional acceptance of regulations and normalization.
Problems with Foucault: Historical accuracy (empiricism vs. Structuralism)-- Thought and discourse as reality? Can we derive intentions from the consequences of behavior? Is a society without social control possible?
Theory: Michel Foucault argues a number of points in relation to power and offers definitions that are directly opposed to more traditional liberal and Marxist theories of power. Foucault believed that power is never in any one person's hands, it does not show itself in any obvious manner but rather as something that works its way into our imaginations and serves to constrain how we act.... ... middle of paper ... ... Giddons, A. (2007). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'.
They are not only its inert or consenting target; they are always also the elements of its articulation” (Foucault, “Two Lectures” 34). Power may take various forms, all of which are employed and exercised by individualsand unto individuals in the institutions of society. In all institutions, there is political and judicial power, as certain individuals claim the right to give orders, establish rules, and so forth as well as the right to punish and award. For example, in school, the professor not only teaches, but also dictates, evaluates, as well as punishes and rewards.
“Power is exercised only over free subjects, and only insofar as they are free. By this we mean individual or collective subjects who are faced with a field of possibilities in which several ways of behaving, several reactions and diverse compartments may be realized.” (Foucault)
To thoroughly elaborate on the institution of family we most look at the family as it was before and how much it has changed over time. Throughout the years we are recognizing that the family is slowly being replaced by other agents of socialization. Families in the past consisted of a mother and a father and most times children. We are, as many societies a patriarchal society; men are usually the head of the households. This has always been considered the norm.