The intent of existing investigation was to formulate nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/high density polyethylene blends (HDPE) blends using industrial waste (MW) and compatibilized by Chloroprene rubber (CR). Results indicated that the minimum and maximum torque increased with increasing HDPE amount in the blends, whereas scorch, and cure time showed the decreasing trend. Increment in HDPE increased the tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness and crosslink density. % tensile strain, % compression set and abrasion loss of NBR/HDPE blends revealed the decreased trend with increasing HDPE level. MW filled blends based on CR provided the most encouraging balance values of overall properties.
Keywords: Blends; NBR; HDPE; mechanical properties; cure characteristics; Thermal Ageing
Introduction (15-12-2013)
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) is well-known unsaturated copolymers for concerning five decays [1-2]. It has been used in many industrial required purposes as hoses, o-ring seals, insulation base product and other many packaging materials []. The main components of technically related NBR comprise of 24-30 wt% of acrylonitrile and include some benefits in contrast to other elastomer like polymers. Such as, good processability, resistance to oils as well as hydrocarbons, especially resistance to hydrocarbons and oils, NBR has wide region of service temperature (from -35 oC up to 100 oC) [1-2].
High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a semi-crystalline with outstanding chemical resistance as well as simple processability.Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is a simply processable, tough, and flexible rubber.
The knowledge of thermoplastic elastomers (TP)from blends of NBR and HDPE has occurred as a valuable implement in tai...
... middle of paper ...
...ps and hence decreases the swelling percentage [16]. It was noticed that, the toluene immersion of NBR/HDPE blends compounds, the solvent molecules must enter in the NBR phase and depart more or less around the HDPE phase. The HDPE phase could escorted to very circuitous path for toluene molecules going through the NBR/HDPE blend.
The equilibrium swelling in toluene of the NBR/HDPE vulcanizates were determined in order to evaluate the extent of cross- linking. The Crosslink density values are also given in Table 4. One can see, as the equilibrium swelling values decrease, the degree of crosslinking increase. It is also clear that the accumulation of HDPE inplace to NBR obviously decreases the values of equilibrium swelling. In order to investigate the effect of HDPE on the crosslink density of the NBR/HDPE vulcanizates, considering the HDPE as additional filler.
The protective packaging industry can be segmented three ways by use: positioning, block, and bracing; flexible wraps; and void fill. Coated (e.g., AirCap) and uncoated air bubble products serve the flexible wrap and void fill markets (refer to Glossary). The flexible wrap market, which dwarfs void fill as measured by annual sales, is of primary concern to Sealed Air and will thus constitute the focus of this report.
However, low HLB surfactants may also be an important component of oral lipid-based formulation by behaving as a coupling agent for the high HLB surfactants and the lipophilic solvent components, as well as contributing to solubilization by remaining associated with the lipophilic solvent post-dispersion. Moreover, using a blend of high and low HLB surfactants may also lead to more rapid dispersion and finer emulsion droplet size upon addition to an aqueous phase [36, 48, 49, 51–55]. Thus, in this study, we decided to mix Tween 80 (high HLB value) with Carbitol (low HLB value) to identify the most effective combination emulsifying with three chosen oils. The size of the emulsion droplets decreased as the HLB value of surfactant mixture reached the required HLB (Table 2). In the case of soybean oil, the smallest size was 277 ± 2.49 nm obtained at 20:80 (v/v) ratio of Tween 80:Carbitol). In the cases of ethyl oleate (Tween 80:Carbitol, 90:10, v/v) and IPM (Tween 80:Carbitol, 60:40), the smallest droplet sizes were 2.9 ± 0.170 and 10.5 ± 0.596 nm, respectively. These results show that the combination of Tween 80 and Carbitol had extremely good emulsifying ability, resulting in a fine emulsion in the cases of using ethyl oleate and IPM oil. The results of the visual test (Fig. 1) are parallel to the results of droplet size measurements. The combinations that had a smaller droplet size of 100
It was found that ATH can help to improve the flammability of HDPE composites in decreasing of heat release rate, total heat release and mass loss rate. With addition of inorganic flame retardants including RP and EG, the ATH flame retarded HDPE composites show obvious synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy [72].
The most common form of polyethylene is petroleum based or olefins based; as before mentioned polyethylene compounds have a wide commercial applicability and are made from non-renewable resources (Harding, Dennis, von Blottnitz, Harrison, & S.T.L., 2007). Its manufacturing processes are regarded as energy intensive and release significant amount of CO2 and heat into the atmosphere (Broderick, 2008). Next a little more detailed description of polyethylene’s production processes will be presented, with a focus on the way the material inputs are extracted and synthesized.
Stiffness The effect that this additive has on the polymer in terms of stiffness is that the fillers are very useful because it makes the polymers very strong and stiff. This makes it hard to break.
The Crystallinity of Kevlar Polymer strands, contributes to the unique strength and stiffness of the material. Kevlar is very similar to other common synthetic polymers, including Nylon, Teflon and Lycra. In all Polated to strength. Aromatic refers to the Carbon atoms attached in a ring, and Amides refers to a group of Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen atoms. Kevlar fiber is therefore a “Polyaromatic amide”, as it has a high breaking strength.
Methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, toluene, and hexanes were tested for their miscibility with water. Methanol and acetone were found to be miscible with water, and dichloromethane, toluene, and hexanes were immiscible. Two layers—one organic and one aqueous—were observed each time an immiscible solvent was combined with water. Dichloromethane was observed as the bottom layer, and toluene and hexanes were observed as the top layers when added to test tubes of water. In Table 1 below, density, boiling point, and miscibility with water are shown for the organic solvents used in this experiment.1
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
Polymer-Polyethylene is partially crystalline as well as amorphous because it has crystalline and amorphous regions. Also it has linear chains so this is the simplest structure compared to a branched or network chain. This can be of an advantage to it over other types of materials as its good toughness and elongation makes it very significant in the engineering industry as it can be moulded or extruded into shape...
It has a chemical formula of (C2H4)n(C4H6O2)m. Depending upon the weight percent of vinyl acetate, we get different polymers such as vinyl acetate modified polymer (4% VA), thermoplastic ethylene vinyl acetate (4 - 40% VA) and ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (>40% VA) with the remainder being ethylene. Properties such as toughness,
chains instead of hydrogen atoms. Cross-linking is another way in which the polymer can be made stronger. This involves ultraviolet radiation that bombards the polymer with electrons and formulates bonds between the molecular chains of the polymers. This is like linear polyethylene but different in that it is more impact resistant, and it has a much higher density. This allows it to be stored or be used with different chemicals that would normally cause the polymer to desolve.3 This can start to become a problem because as the polymer continues to become chemically enhanced. So the ways of dissolving and recycling the polymer become more difficult.
This active sulphurating agent reacts at the allylic sites of the rubber polymer unsaturations to form a rubber bound intermediate, which reacts with another rubber bound intermediate or with another polymer chain to generate a crosslink. The exact activator role of ZnO is highly dependent on the type of accelerator present in the initial vulcanisation system.
Waxes are used in the rubber industry for the production of rubber hoses, conveyor belts, rubber toys, fitting gloves, tires, gaskets and many other similar rubber applications.
The third commercial plastic is called Plas-ti-Dip, made by Plasti-Dip International, 1458 West Country Road C, St. Paul, Minn. 55113. This product was designed for coating tool handles and is
These materials covered the area of 1970s to 2000. As long as they posses the biocompatibility and biofunctionality some new and important characters were also introduced as wel...