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Sedimentary rock ____
Sedimentary rock ____
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I. The Edvidence of Fossils
A. (28-1) The Formation of Fossils
1. Fossil: The actual remains or any trace of an organism that lived at some time in the past.
2. Petrifaction: The process by which the body of a dead organism is slowly replaced by dissolved minerals.
3. Mold: A rock as a hollow form; Cast: A copy of the external form of the original organism.
4. Imprint: A type of fossil formed when an impression made in mud by a living thing is preserved when the mud is transformed into rock.
B. (28-2) Sedimentary rocks:
1. Sedimentary Rock: A type of rock formed from layers of particles that is settled to the bottom of a body of water, often containing fossils. 2. Water flowing into these bodys of water carry fine particles of rock called sediments.
3. The size and mineral composition of sediments being deposited by the rivers will usually change from time to time. Therefore, the sedimentary rock acquires a layered structure.
4. Geologists have concluded that the crust of the earth is constantly changing and shifting.
C. (28-3) Hormones
1. Relative Dating: Any method of determining the order in which events occured.
2. Correlation: The process of matching by which geologists determine the relative ages of rock layers
3. A study of fossils from many regions have shown that certain types of organisms seem to appeared, flourished for a time over wide regions of the earth, and then disappeared.
4. Transitional forms: Missing links
D. (28-4) Absolute Dating
1. Relative dating allows us to say that one type of organism lived earlier than another, but it does not tell us how much earlier.
2. Absolute dating: Any method that does enable us to find out how long ago an event occured.
3. Thecrate at which a radioactive element decays is fixed and unchangeable. 4. Radioactive dating methods cannot be applied to sedimentary rocks. E. (28-5) The Geologic Time Scale
1. Through a combination of absolute and relative dating of rocks, geologists have constructed a timetable of earth’s history, which is known as the geologic time scale.
2. Each era is subdivided into periods and eboch.
3. Radioactivty: The property of emitting radiation.
4. Igneus Rocks: rocks that formed when molten material in the crust cooled and harden.
II. Other Evidence of Evolution
A. (28-6) Evidence from Comparative Anatomy
1. Comparative Anatomy: Is the study of structural similarities and differences among living things.
2. Homologous structures: Parts of different organisms that have similar structures and similar embryonic development, but different forms and functions. 3. Analogus structures: Structures that have similar external forms and functions but quite different internal structure.
4. Vestigal Structures: A nonfunctional structure in an organism that is a
Dinosaur fossils are one of the few ways in which scientists can study the history of life on earth millions of years ago. Each new discovery is unique in its own way and provides valuable information about the past. No two finds are exactly identical; therefore, when dinosaur remains are uncovered, the possibility and excitement of new information or even a new species exists. Until the year 2000, no dinosaur has ever been found with a fossilized heart. Scientists at North Carolina State University and the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences discovered a sixty-six million year old Thescelosaurus with a heart.
Jurassic Park is the story of how one man’s idea puts many lives in danger. With lots of experimentation, scientists who worked for him were able to extract blood from prehistoric mosquitoes and other biting insects caught in amber then examine it for foreign blood cells. After that, they would extract them. Doing that, they could obtain DNA of extinct animals; dinosaurs who have been extinct for millions of years. Through a long process, they could recreate dinosaurs. Jurassic Park is a book full of suspense and horrifying murders. I wouldn’t recommend this book to everyone, but just people who enjoy science fiction and suspense. I also recommend not read Dennis Nedry’s death multiple times because it’s gross and...just gross. But other than that, I would give this five dinosaurs out of five dinosaurs!
5. The amount of calcium carbonate. 6. The form of calcium carbonate. (It is available in three forms powder, small stones or large stones) 7.
So what killed the dinosaurs? Without having any background education in science it is hard for the general public to comprehend such matters and they rely on the knowledge of the scientists in this field. Although there has been much research on the subject nobody has come up with a conclusive answer. And we are left to read the countless articles, all having their own opinions as to the mass extinction. One such theory is that a shift in the solar system could have caused the mass destruction. According to an article published in Nature magazine,
A whole lot of hypotheses have been used to explain the quick expansion of animal species in the early Cambrian period about from about 541.0 million to about 485.4 million years ago. The most modern explanations for the Cambrian explosion takes pieces of a lot of these hypotheses and melds them together; incorporating genetic, ecologic, abiotic conditions that set the evolutionary wheel in motion. The current state of understanding the Cambrian explosion still remains a topic of open and exciting debate. The processes in the hypotheses can be stand-alone or very tightly interconnected and mutually supporting of another. One can say the complexity of modern Animalia can be attributed to the complexity of the processes that happened during the rapid diversification attributed from an interaction of biotic and abiotic processes in the Cambrian period.
In the past few decades, the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs has been widely accepted by many scientists because of fossil evidence. Now scientists are looking for ways to prove the origin of flight through extensive research of newly found fossils. The origin of flight has been debated between scientists for years, but without strong evidence, they have yet to come to a conclusion on the issue. The disagreement between the two sides is whether flight arose from creatures that lived in the trees or ones on the ground. A new discovery in western Liaoning, China shed some light on the debate and many scientists now conclude that flight evolved from creatures living in the trees.
In 1993, Universal Studios released an epic movie known as Jurassic Park. Based on the novel by Michael Crichton, Steven Spielberg and his incredible cast took the viewers on an adventure that brought dinosaurs back from the dead and set the bar for how people would expect special effects in a movie should be. The movie was critically acclaimed and won many awards for special effects and sound. Jurassic Park is one of the greatest movies of all time because it brought dinosaurs to life on screen in a way that had never been attempted before plus leading edge audio/video special effects turned the world on its head with their stunning realism and lifelike sound.
The Jurassic period was the second segment of the Mesozoic Era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 millions years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period. During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. Laurentia, the northern half, made up what would eventually form North America and Eurasia. The creation of these opened basins for the central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The southern half, Gondwana, drifted into an eastern segment that now forms Antarctica, Madagascar, India, and Australia, and a western portion that forms the present Africa and South America. This rifting, along with generally warmer global temperatures, allowed for diversification and dominance of the reptiles known as dinosaurs. Along with dinosaurs, several different types of life and rock formations emerged during the Jurassic period.
The debate of whether dinosaurs were cold blooded or warm blooded has been ongoing since the beginning of the century. At the turn of the century scientists believed that dinosaurs had long limbs and were fairly slim, supporting the idea of a cold blooded reptile. Recently, however, the bone structure, number or predators to prey, and limb position have suggested a warm blooded species. In addition, the recent discovery of a fossilized dinosaur heart has supported the idea that dinosaurs were a warm blooded species. In this essay, I am going to give supporting evidence of dinosaurs being both warm and cold blooded. I will provide background information on the dinosaur that was discovered and what information it provides scientists.
When I started this paper, I had many questions. I wanted to know what all the main theories of dinosaur extinction are and how many there are. I also wanted to know what factors in each theory would have killed these massive beasts. Other questions I had are: had dinosaurs been dying out before the event? Did any dinosaurs survive the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) event? What religious beliefs contradict the dinosaurs’ very existence? The last question I wanted to address was whether or not an event such as this one could happen to us? After five papers and hours of research, some of the new questions I have are: what happened after the Cretaceous/Tertiary event? I would also now like to know if one of these theories could happen to us and how we would be able to handle it. I came up with these questions because I wanted to know we are living with this present danger. Whether a huge ice age could eradicate an entire population of humans is mind-boggling and would be extremely interesting to research. To come up with these new questions, I let my brain wander. I was joking a...
B. SUBPOINT: Its casing stones was stripped off to use in rebuilding palaces and bridges.
According to scientists, one of the most extraordinary bursts of evolution ever known was the Cambrian Explosion. For most of the nearly 4 billion years that life has existed on Earth, evolution produced little beyond bacteria, plankton, and multi-celled algae. Then, about between 570 and 530 million years ago, another burst of diversification occurred. This stunning period is termed the "Cambrian explosion," taking the name of the geological age in which the earlier part occurred. A recent study revealed that life evolved during the Cambrian Period at a rate about five times faster than today. But it was certainly not as rapid as an explosion; the changes seems to have taken around 30 million years, and some stages took 5 to 10 million years. The Cambrian explosion was a period of time where life evolved into numerous multifaceted organisms that developed into the vertebrates and human life as we know today.
When a paleontologist makes a discovery about Dinosaurs it is usually a celebrated event and will appear on all sorts of covers of magazines and even newspapers, with good reason. These discoveries are often quite exciting for a few reasons. The whole experience of finding a fossil that is hundreds of millions of years old is quite an adrenaline rush, but the fact that each discovery has the ability to answer questions in relation to evolution is quite amazing. Each finding of Dinosaur remains can help answer questions of how that certain species evolved from another. If our species can fully understand how Dinosaurs evolved, maybe in the future we can learn something about our evolution. Without discoveries from the past how is our society supposed to persevere and learn from mistakes that may lead to our own extinction, and who to learn better from than perhaps the dinosaurs that have gone through many stages of evolution and have faced extinction.
The remains of these dinosaurs were found on every continent except Antarctica thus proving that they were very widespread. Sauropods had the most long lived life span when compared to other animals. Their existence expanded up to 100 million years. This was a very long time, especially for such a large animal to maintain itself (Klein, 2011). However, after many years, they began to die one by one due to the challenges that presented themselves in the wild. For example, vegetation became scarce. They began to starve and became an easier prey to predators. Eventually, this led to
The upper paleolithic era brought us many social and cultural innovations. From the development of art, to the continued development of useful tools and weapons, the people existing in this time were the true forbears of modern human civilization. The advances made in self-awareness are extremely apparent as well, with significant new trends in social networks and personal adornment leading to what would be the foundation of society as we know it. These things combined make the upper paleolithic one of the most important periods of human development.