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Merites of digital evidence
Issues in preserving digital evidence and forensic investigation
Digital evidence and its importance
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There are six stages of examination of data in Forensics: Readiness, Evaluation, Collection, Analysis, Presentation and Review. The first stage is Forensic Readiness and it contains effective level of digital evidence so that could be used in any legal matters or in court law. This stage helps discovering electronic evidence quickly and can be send to examiner when requested. This stage is really important since it will helps to figure out as much as evidences are out. Evaluation stage includes describing of instructions which are unclear. Collection stage involves the collecting information from the site. It also involves labeling as well as bagging some of the items from the site. The main part of this stage is acquisition and if that is carried out on site then this stage would also involve …show more content…
This stage is based on specifics of each job. In this stage the examiner provides some feedback and the analysis should be thorough and accurate in order to lead the case into right direction. Next stage is Presentation which involves the examiner to produce reports on the findings and also provide instructions. Also it would involve other investigating information. The reports are expected to be written and the examiner needs to be prepared to participate in certain meetings and conferences to discuss everything in more detail. The last and final step is the Review step which is mostly overlooked. However, I personally think that this is the most important stage because this is where a careful examination can be conducted which can help the examiner save a lot of money as well as raise the quality. The review step is often very simple and quick. It involves examination of the above stages and see what went wrong. Above six stages are really important in computer forensics examination to direct the case to right direction. If one of those stage is not accurate then the case directions will change easily to wrong
Other evidence located within the grave consisted of a generic watch, two cigarette butts, a button, a washer and a shell casing. All of these could be analysed for finger prints and DNA. The cigarette butts would also show a serial number indicating the brand (shown in Figure 3), which can be useful if it is found a victim or offender smokes a particular type of cigarette.
From a trial strategy point of view, you always start with the piece(s) of evidence you believe are most damaging to the client's case and work backwards looking for an exploitable flaw in the search and seizure procedure that would make that or those item(s) inadmissible. The further back in the series of events you can argue a fatal flaw, the more likely that the evidence and any additional materials which flowed from that particular item of evidence will be excluded. This is the practical analysis of all the times we see or hear of law enforcement arguing that there was some technical item which drew their attention and suspicion and justifies their hunch that criminal activity is afoot.
Digital Forensic is the process of uncovering and interpreting electronic data that can be used in a court of law. It requires a set of standards to show how the information that is gathered, preserve, and analyzed is strictly followed. The analysts need to understand the evolution of the current technology and how it will impact how they gather their information. The investigator is able to uncover evidence and analyze it to gain the understanding of the motives, crime, and the criminal’s identity to help solve the crime. As computers and technology continue to become a part of our everyday lives, the cyber realm contains a growing realm for evince in all types of criminal investigations (Cummings, 2008) Digital forensics is a way to connect information security and law enforcement. It ensures that the digital evidence is collected in a way that it can make it into the courts in an unhampered or uncontaminated way (Dlamini, M., Eloff, J. & Eloff, M., 2009).
The psychological effects on perception, from contextual information, can dramatically hinder the forensic experts, in such a way, that they come to a completely inaccurate conclusion of any forensic evidence. According to Bernstein et al (2013), perception is the process of taking sensations from the environment, and interpreting them using information and experience to understand the world. In regards to contextual information, perception can be altered or influenced by information that is received from the outside world (Holt et al. 2015). The effects of contextual information alter the perceptual capabilities of a forensic investigator; it is a phenomenon known as figure-ground discrimination (or perceptual discrimination). When perceptual
Organise dates and times with team meetings so standardisation actions can be considered. Ensuring assessors have experience and knowledge in the area of their subject. Information from the assessor as to what is to be monitored from which candidate and when. Therefore, Identifying the criteria that is to be assessed and IQA from the qualification using various methods e.g. Observations, written evidence, questioning, and R.P.L. Assessors will be observed with their decisions of the outcomes and sampled by the IQA. On an on-going basis, identifying as to what can be amended with constructive feedback. When completing in a summative stage, you would be checking the full assessment process with signatures and dates on all documents, maintaining accurate records throughout the IQA
The criminal justice system has changed a lot since the good old days of the Wild West when pretty much anything was legal. Criminals were dealt with in any fashion the law enforcement saw fit. The science of catching criminals has evolved since these days. We are better at catching criminals than ever and we owe this advancement to forensic science. The development of forensic science has given us the important techniques of fingerprinting and DNA analysis. We can use these techniques to catch criminals, prove people's innocence, and keep track of inmates after they have been paroled. There are many different ways of solving crimes using forensic evidence. One of these ways is using blood spatter analysis; this is where the distribution and pattern of bloodstains is studied to find the nature of the event that caused the blood spatter. Many things go into the determination of the cause including: the effects of various types of physical forces on blood, the interaction between blood and the surfaces on which it falls, the location of the person shedding the blood, the location and actions of the assailant, and the movement of them both during the incident. Another common type of forensic evidence is trace evidence. This is commonly recovered from any number of items at a crime scene. These items can include carpet fibers, clothing fibers, or hair found in or around the crime scene. Hairs recovered from crime scenes can be used as an important source of DNA. Examination of material recovered from a victim's or suspect's clothing can allow association to be made between the victim and other people, places, or things involved in the investigation. DNA analysis is the most important part of forensic science. DNA evidence can come in many forms at the crime scene. Some of these forms include hair; bodily fluids recovered at the crime scene or on the victim's body, skin under the victim's fingernails, blood, and many others. This DNA can be the basis of someone's guilt or innocence; it has decided many cases in the twentieth century. As the times continue to change and the criminals get smarter we will always need to find new ways to catch them. Forensic science is the most advanced method yet, but is only the beginning. As the field of science grows so will the abilities of the
The Forensic interview technique is a result of the increasing awareness of child abuse and neglect cases in the United States in the last quarter of the 20th century (Newlin et al, 2015). Forensic interviewing has come a long way from when it was first being developed and has continuously evolved to have the best outcome for children. The purpose of Forensic interviewing is to be more child friendly, to consider the age and development of the child, and to be cognizant of a child’s trauma which is specified in the “Purpose of the Child Forensic Interview” and “Considerations Regarding the Child” sections of the Newlin article. Forensic interviewing has become more specialized and developed since it first began to be utilized. It has developed
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
The transitional growth in the forensic science sector has not been without challenges. Though the world has experienced increased capabilities and scientific knowledge, which has led to faster investigations and results, many forensic experts have argued that forensic laboratory testing, in the light of 21st century technological advancements, is yet to meet the expected rate in quick available testing and analysis (Mennell & Shaw, 2006). This is with respect to the growing rate of crime and the high demand of quick crime scene testing and analysis. In the science of crime scene, analysis and interpretation of evidence is majorly dependent on forensic science, highlighting the change in the role of forensic sciences (Tjin-A-Tsoi, 2013). In the business of forensic science, time is beginning to play important role in the evidence testing and analysis which is becoming crucial in reducing ...
Collection of evidence is usually a term designated to refer to the collection of physical evidence, government agencies such as police or environmental protection departments will have their own methods for the collection, storage and conservation of physical evidence and it is the responsibility of forensic personnel to adhere to these set guidelines. General principles which are shared amongst various agencies include, the creation of contemporaneous notes, recording the collection of evidence via photographing, videotaping and/or audiotapes, preserving the crime scene by sealing off the location and only allowing designated personnel to enter, avoiding contamination of the crime scene by investigators through the use of full body covering and also preventing cross-contamination with the scene and any suspects.
The data a computer forensics acquisition tool collects is stored as an image file in one of three formats. Two formats are open source and the third is proprietary. Each vendor has unique features, so several different proprietary formats are available. Depending on the ...
There are several steps that need to be taken in order to process a crime scene. Some of the steps include: securing the scene, a detailed search, documenting the crime scene, collecting and preserving evidence, and finally releasing the scene. All of the following steps are crucial to avoid any possible contamination or otherwise compromise the scene before it can be released. Few, if any additional opportunities exist when processing a crime scene, so the first time is most pertinent.
Clinical and Forensic Evaluations Although the two terms are widely used in psychology, they differ in terms of application in interviewing, discussion of informed consent, and role in the treatment, diagnosis, or assessment of human behavior and functioning. Clinical psychological evaluations are broad and usually range from diagnosis of depression with cognitive-behavior treatment in an outpatient clinic to evaluating a kid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a school to developing a behavior plan for a person with schizophrenia in a psychiatric infirmary. However, forensic evaluations are classically a division of clinical phycological assessments (Rogers, 2008). Forensic evaluations are the intersection between law and psychology.
The advancement of technology and innovation has given rise to the field of forensic psychology, which is a mixture of law and psychology in the judicial and the legal system of a country. The importance of this field cannot be ignored, a reason why more people are opting to join this field. There is a crucial need to make sure that there is adequate information available to enable the potential entrants in the field to make wise decisions. Description of the Educational Levels Required/Recommended There are two distinct educational levels recommended and required for anybody who may opt to join this field.
Crime today seems as if it keeps getting worse and worse, but without forensic science would we have been able to figure out some of the main details in some cases? Forensic science is any science used to help solve a case/mystery, which is very vital when it comes to criminal investigation research. While researching my project I discovered all the many tasks and difficulties that come with forensics.