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Importance of forensic science in investigation
Role of forensic science
Forensic science future in criminal justice
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Annotated Bibliography
Mennell, J. & Shaw, I. (14 March 2006). The Future of Forensic and Crime Scene Science: Part 1. A UK Forensic Science User and Provider Perspective. Forensic Science International. S7-S12. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
This article analysis’s the future of the forensic science fields by two experienced forensics’ investigators. Mennell is a currently the Dean of Northumbria University’s school of applied sciences and holds a chair in the forensic Science education group in the UK. The co-author professor Ian Shaw, a former forensic scientist, designed the forensic science program at Central Lancashire University. Together they highlight the changing and emerging field of forensic science and
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the impact of new techniques for the future. By highlighting these advancements Shaw and Mennel are able to implement new and preferred protocol in investigation. Although the article is focused primarily on the expansion of the DNA Field. Palmbach, T. (2013). Education and Accreditation in Forensic Science. Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. 171-174. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.newhaven.edu/forensicscience-facpubs/17 Palmbach is a professor at the University of New Haven, CT, renowned for its forensic science programs.
He is actively involved with the research and development of new crime scene investigation technologies. In this article Palmbach uses his exposure to increasing technologies and its influence in expanding the field. With new divisions and technologies emerging he argues that regulation and standards in educational programs for Forensic science is necessary. In order to propel the field in a positive direction, Palmbach suggests that education should be focused in all aspects of forensic science but still able to adapt curriculum with changing technologies. This would be an ideal practice that would allow new forensic investigators exposure to the latest concepts but with as fast as technology is changing the field, it may be impractical for education programs to keep …show more content…
up. Kassin, S. and Dror, I.E. (March 2013). The Forensic Confirmation Bias: Problems, Perspectives and Proposed Solutions. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 42-52. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii Kassin is a graduate of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, although no specific field of criminal justice was attached, Kassin has authored and co-authored several articles focusing on misconceptions within the forensics field and witness evidence. His co-author Dr. Dror is member of the University college of London research team with a focus on psychology and decision making. While many articles on forensic science are based in technology and scientific aspect’s Kassin and Dror’s article is the implication of error from misinterpretation of evidence. They argue that there is a component of person’s perception that can interfere with the analysis of the evidence. The authors of this article use examples of mistaken results or witness testimony in court cases. The article is finalized by through plans to reduce the bias in context evidence with confirmation analysis and control processes. This article is relevant to the field however, does not follow the topic or direction of the other sources. Cooper, S. (14 April 2016) Forensic Science Identification Evidence: Tensions Between Law and Science. Journal of Philosophy, Science and Law. 1-35 Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com Cooper is a criminal Lawyer conducting research at the centre of American Legal Studies, and is a Ph.D in legal process theory. In her article she highlights the relationship between forensic science and the court room. Addressing specific types of individualizing evidence and its ideal usage among the justice system, comparative to how it is actually used. While highlighting the benefits of the evidence and advancing techniques, she also addresses the inability of the courts to adapt. The tension, she suggests rises from disconnection of scientific reasoning with a social context. Throughout her article Cooper addresses the misunderstanding of identifying evidence, claiming that the law doesn’t know how to incorporate science. She recommends reforming both systems to allow for a reliable form of justice. The implication of a change justice system will ultimately change the future or direction of the Forensic Field however, if disconnect continues between the fields, it become irrelevant. Stoney, D. and Stoney, P (12 November 2014) Critical Review of Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis and the Need for a New Approach. Forensic Science International. 159-170 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037907381 The Stoney’s own their own forensic company called Stoney Forensics located in Chantilly Virginia.
They argue that analysis of trace evidence has limitations and new technologies fail to address these issues. Instead they insist that a new approach is needed to provide accurate analysis of trace evidence. The Stoney’s outline the historical developments in trace evidence. Although the article specifies new technology is failing to improve on limitations, they address some technologies which do impact the effectiveness. Overall this article does address the need for change in keeping up with technology, or creating forensic technology but I would gather the primary cause for the Stoney’s article is to promote the processes of their
company. Bull, S. (2015) Televisual Forensics on the Edge of Chaos: Postgenomic Complexity in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. Oxford Journals Arts & Humanities. 64-80 Retrieved from http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/64.short. Sofia Bull is a journalist that specializes writing on the film and television show analysis. This is an essay about the effect of the popular genre of crime scene television, specifically CSI series, Quincy M.E and the Silent Witness. She addresses the misconception that science presents straightforward answers in this field. She also does brief overviews of scientific practices and the equivalent depiction of the television show. There is also a resolution in the show’s which is not always possible in real life. This article addresses the misconceptions of the forensic discipline through glorification and unrealistic expectations of the media.
Preservation of Crime Scenes and Evidence. (2013, November 18). Retrieved from Correctional Service Canada: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/politiques-et-lois/568-4-cd-eng.shtml
Other evidence located within the grave consisted of a generic watch, two cigarette butts, a button, a washer and a shell casing. All of these could be analysed for finger prints and DNA. The cigarette butts would also show a serial number indicating the brand (shown in Figure 3), which can be useful if it is found a victim or offender smokes a particular type of cigarette.
“The ‘CSI Effect’; Forensic Science.” The Economist. 24 April 2010: 77 (US). Student Resources In
Hundreds across the nation watch forensic shows every day. From fictional shows similar to Criminal Minds and CSI, to nonfictional shows such as The First 48 and Forensic Files. However, these shows have something in common. Criminological programs continuously show how the crime happened, what it takes to crack the case, how investigators accumulate evidence, a...
Forensic psychology is a continually adapting sphere. It is hard to have one solid definition for the field, as there are so many aspects that interlock. Within each attribute of the forensic psychology has roles and responsibilities to sustain. The rapid growth and emerging importance of this field volumes of information will be developed in the next decade.
The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types and uses the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or known samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigators use it to solve cases and convict criminals. Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics.
The criminal justice system has changed a lot since the good old days of the Wild West when pretty much anything was legal. Criminals were dealt with in any fashion the law enforcement saw fit. The science of catching criminals has evolved since these days. We are better at catching criminals than ever and we owe this advancement to forensic science. The development of forensic science has given us the important techniques of fingerprinting and DNA analysis. We can use these techniques to catch criminals, prove people's innocence, and keep track of inmates after they have been paroled. There are many different ways of solving crimes using forensic evidence. One of these ways is using blood spatter analysis; this is where the distribution and pattern of bloodstains is studied to find the nature of the event that caused the blood spatter. Many things go into the determination of the cause including: the effects of various types of physical forces on blood, the interaction between blood and the surfaces on which it falls, the location of the person shedding the blood, the location and actions of the assailant, and the movement of them both during the incident. Another common type of forensic evidence is trace evidence. This is commonly recovered from any number of items at a crime scene. These items can include carpet fibers, clothing fibers, or hair found in or around the crime scene. Hairs recovered from crime scenes can be used as an important source of DNA. Examination of material recovered from a victim's or suspect's clothing can allow association to be made between the victim and other people, places, or things involved in the investigation. DNA analysis is the most important part of forensic science. DNA evidence can come in many forms at the crime scene. Some of these forms include hair; bodily fluids recovered at the crime scene or on the victim's body, skin under the victim's fingernails, blood, and many others. This DNA can be the basis of someone's guilt or innocence; it has decided many cases in the twentieth century. As the times continue to change and the criminals get smarter we will always need to find new ways to catch them. Forensic science is the most advanced method yet, but is only the beginning. As the field of science grows so will the abilities of the
Forensic Science has contributed to our world a great deal. People often misunderstand Forensic Science and believe it is much more capable than it really is. As a matter of fact what you see on T.V. is around 80% false or over exaggerated in some way. To Start of, Criminal Investigation is the largest and most known form of Forensic Science. Some of the more known areas include; Fingerprinting, Ballistics, DNA Identification, Fiber Samples, Computer Animation, Documentation analysis, etc. To get this out of the way in the beginning, what you saw on last night’s law and order is far from the truth. Things they do in a matter of hours take months at a time, and most of the time aren’t even plausible concepts.
Forensic psychology is such a complex sub-discipline of psychology, and this complexity makes it difficult to define. The simplest way to define forensic psychology would have to be: sub-di...
In today’s time, modern Crime Scene Investigation has increased rapidly. From throughout the late 1900’s and in the early 2000’s (Taylor 1). For all of the evidence that they find, a solid foundation has formed over the thousands of years of Crime Scene
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
Forensic evidence can provide just outcomes in criminal matters. However, it is not yet an exact science as it can be flawed. It can be misrepresented through the reliability of the evidence, through nonstandard guidelines, and through public perception. Forensic science can be dangerously faulty without focus on the ‘science’ aspect. It can at times be just matching patterns based on an individual’s interpretations. This can lead to a miscarriage of justice and forever alter a person’s life due to a perceived “grey area” (Merritt C, 2010) resulting in a loss of confidence in the reliability of forensic evidence.
Forensic science has now been recognized as an important part of the law enforcement team to help solve crimes and cold cases. The advances in technology are being used each day and we must continue to strive to develop better advances in this field. The recent discovery of using DNA in criminal cases has helped not only positively identify the suspect, but it has helped exonerate hundreds of innocent individuals. “With new advances in police technology and computer science, crime scene investigation and forensic science will only become more precise as we head into the future.” (Roufa, 2017) Forensic science and evidence helps law enforcement officials solve crimes through the collection, preservation and analysis of evidence. By having a mobile crime laboratory, the scene gets processed quicker and more efficiently. Forensic science will only grow in the future to be a benefit for the criminal justice
Gaensslen, R. E., Harris, H A., & Lee, H. (2008). Introduction to Forensic Science and Criminalistics. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. .
“The word ‘forensics’ means “connected with the courtroom”; so forensic science is, therefore, concerned with gathering hard evidence that can be presented in a trial” (Innes 9). Forensic science is a science that is applied specifically to legal matters, whether criminal or civil. “Few areas in the realm of science are as widespread and important as forensic science” (Hunter 12). Forensics is the one science that is most commonly used in everyday life. It is also a branch of science that incorporates other branches of science such as biology, chemistry, and etc. Since it is used almost every day “No one can dispute the importance of the contributions to society made by forensic science; the ability to solve crime is undeniably important” (Hunter 13). Forensic science has given criminal investigation a new edge. “Advances in science have opened the door for more effective evidence discovery, howev...