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The role of forensic science in investigation
The role of forensic science in investigation
The role of forensic science in investigation
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“Forensic science is a group of scientific disciplines concerned with the application of their particular scientific area of expertise to law enforcement, criminal, civil, legal, and judicial matters.” Law means evidences and evidences needs proper preservation, maintenance and presentation in court. In addition forensic expert requires giving his expert opinion regarding found evidences in court. Thus, two main wings of good prosecution are: 1. Chain of custody and 2. Expert opinion. Chain of custody: Maintaining the proper ‘chain of custody’ of evidence is one of the main concepts that are important to all forensic sciences. ‘Chain of custody’ involves producing and maintaining written documentation which accompanies the evidence and provides an uninterrupted timeline showing the secure location of the evidence from the time it was discovered until the presentation time. Maintaining this chain helps to ensure that the evidence has not been compromised in any way. Breaking of the chain may provide a potential reason for such evidence to be inadmissible in court. There are many ways that evidence may be altered between the time it is originally acquired from a source and the time of its final report. The concept of ‘chain of custody’ describes these intermediate processing steps. A chain of …show more content…
One vital question concerns the authenticity of the evidence. A crucial step in answering such questions involves having knowledge about the chain of custody though which the evidence has passed en route to the authority that is charged with assessing its relevance, credibility, and weight. Thus, establishing a chain of custody basically involves identifying the persons and devices involved in acquisition, processing, examination, interpretation, and transfer of evidence between the time the evidence is acquired and the time it is provided to the legal
The Methods of Discovery is when both parties present all the evidence that they have. Both parties have the right to interview all witnesses of all the ...
If handled with care the evidence can be the best assistance to the crime investigator and can be used as a major proof in court. To improve the investigation any detective or expert has to admit the necessity of the non-movable items observation and processing apart from the regular movable evidence collection.
Therefore, the criminal justice system relies on other nonscientific means that are not accepted or clear. Many of forensic methods have implemented in research when looking for evidence, but the methods that are not scientific and have little or anything to do with science. The result of false evidence by other means leads to false testimony by a forensic analyst. Another issue with forensic errors is that it is a challenge to find a defense expert (Giannelli, 2011). Defense experts are required to help the defense attorneys defend and breakdown all of the doubts in the prosecutors scientific findings in criminal cases. Scientific information is integral in a criminal prosecution, and a defense attorney needs to have an expert to assist he/she in discrediting the prosecution (Giannelli,
Roberson, C., Wallace, H., & Stuckey, G. B. (2013). Procedures in the justice system (1st ed.). [Vitalsource or Kaplan University]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781269223119/pages/76743177
The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types and uses the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or known samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigators use it to solve cases and convict criminals. Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics.
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
Evidence collection is a crucial part of forensics. Its reliability can be compromised by input bias from law
The amount of evidence can either help win or lose a case. Every crime scene has evidence available for officers to collect. It is important for them to know what the standard protocol is for collecting evidence and how to properly collect it without contamination.
As far back as 1832, James Marsh was the first to use forensics at trial to give evidence as a chemist in 1832. Since that time forensic science and evidence has come a long way in various ways and technology to help in determine if the suspect is guilt or not, through such things as DNA testing, blood, and fingerprints. The first forensic police crime lab was created in 1910. The contributions of Dr. Edmond Locard, a French scientist and criminologist, proposed that “everything leaves a trace”. This principle is still valid today as it was so many years ago. No matter how small, the specialized trained technicians and investigators can take these methods and go to a crime scene to get evidence. “Forensic science is the application of sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering to matters of law.” (Office of Justice, 2017) These different sciences can help achieve and assist in solving a case. Forensic science has also the ability to prove that a crime was committed, it can find the elements of the crime, it can help place the suspect at the scene and whether the suspect had any contact with the victim. However, in the last several years the techniques and with the use of technology the evidence that forensic science uncovers can also exonerate an innocent individual who has been falsely accused of the
...ditional visits to the crime scene could cause a compromise if entered into evidence at trial.
“The word ‘forensics’ means “connected with the courtroom”; so forensic science is, therefore, concerned with gathering hard evidence that can be presented in a trial” (Innes 9). Forensic science is a science that is applied specifically to legal matters, whether criminal or civil. “Few areas in the realm of science are as widespread and important as forensic science” (Hunter 12). Forensics is the one science that is most commonly used in everyday life. It is also a branch of science that incorporates other branches of science such as biology, chemistry, and etc. Since it is used almost every day “No one can dispute the importance of the contributions to society made by forensic science; the ability to solve crime is undeniably important” (Hunter 13). Forensic science has given criminal investigation a new edge. “Advances in science have opened the door for more effective evidence discovery, howev...
Forensic odontology is a discipline within forensic science that involves the management, examination, evaluation and presentation of dental evidence in criminal or civil proceedings (1). The main goal of forensic dentists/odontologists is to identify humans (1, 3). Forensic dentists have many methods that are used for dental identification. Some of these methods include bite mark analysis, labeling of dental prosthesis (dentures), rugoscopy (palatal rugae which are located on the roof of the mouth), and cheiloscopy (lip prints) (1). This paper will focus on the process that forensic dentists take to identify humans using teeth, how forensic dentists conduct bite mark comparisons, the methods/techniques that are used to do these comparisons and why forensic odontology is an important discipline in forensic science. The references cited throughout this paper were chosen as they were informative and clear. The majority of the articles cited contained multiple photos that made the information a lot easier to follow.
Chain of Custody is a procedure in the handling of evidence in a series of investigations. According to [1], chain of custody is a procedure for performing documentation to the evidence in chronological events. Meanwhile according to [2], chain of custody is an important part of the investigation process that will ensure evidence can be accepted in the court system. In this case, chain of custody will document the terms related with where, when, why, who, how in the use of evidence at any stage of the investigative process. The issues of chain of custody become very important as authenticity of evidence must be maintained in accordance with the condition when it was first discovered until later presented in the court. The scope of chain of custody includes all individuals involved in the process of acquisition, collection, analysis of evidence, time records as well as contextual information which includes case labeling, and the unit and laboratory that process evidence.
This is a very delicate situation, which should be handled with the degree of importance required since the witness might be key in unraveling the plain truth regarding a given case (Robertson et.al, 2016, 21). Thus the manner in which the witness and evidence are handled in this case is key since any missed steps would lead to tampering with evidence which will most likely render it non-admissible in a court of law. Thus, handling of witness and evidence is vital in ensuring that they are presented without any coercion or
Forensic Odontology or dentistry has been a very useful tool when it comes to identifying an unknown body. It has been used throughout history to give those thought lost back their identity and the families closure. To become a forensic odontologist one must first earn a DDS degree, then gain training in the field. Odontology can be done on the spot at a crime scene or at the autopsy. Bite mark analysis has made a huge impact in the incarceration of a criminal.