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Pros and cons of cost benefit analysis
Essay on cost benefit analysis
Pros and cons of cost benefit analysis
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For this simulation, out of the four types of hydrologic hazards, I selected the flood disaster. According to McEntire (2014) floods are the most prevalent of any hazard including natural or otherwise. Floods are also among the most costly. Since a disaster as flood tends to occur from an inability for the soil to absorb water that has fallen to the ground. Before starting the simulation, my objective was to use the mitigation in which includes risk reduction, loss minimization, and the alleviation of potential negative impacts associated with the flood. Through careful planning, I decided it would be wise to safeguard everyone in the high-risk zone (risk 4) by making improvements in building design and construction by elevating them above flood level, installing drainage, covering the wells, and planting trees and mangroves. Also, ensuring that important appliances, such as heating and electrical systems are raised high above flood level. Those considered at risk were evacuated. However, I quickly learned that the given budget for the town and time constraint resulted in me recreating the plan set forth.
In the first attempt, I received a silver medal, while in the last two attempts, I received gold medals. To be completely honest, the results surprised me because I felt that I did not do so
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While the result worked in my favor, a lot more people were injured, and the death toll increased. The cost of damages was $16,900 with 127 people injured and 11 people dead. The cost of damages was 24% or $3,300 higher than the previous attempt. Unlike the first attempt where I sheltered 0% of the town from the disaster, this time I sheltered 42% of the town. The damages could have been less if I speed up my pace. This round ended with a remaining budget of $9,490, and I passed with a score of 53,700. I failed to protect wetlands and flood
Floods can be a very dangerous natural disaster because a flood has the power to move cars, buildings, and cause massive damage to life and property. Even the small floods that are only 30 centimetres or so can do massive damage to houses and if the
A major flood on any river is both a long-term and a short-term event, particularly any river basin where human influence has exerted "control" over the ri...
The Midwestern United States has experienced flooding for a long time now, but recently the annual precipitation has been far greater than before. Precipitation has increased 37 percent since 1958 (Jeff Spross). However a few major floods have been recorded dating back to 1913. In 1913 torrential rainfall hit Indiana and Ohio. The ground was greatly damaged from the flood causing difficult agricultural years for many years after the flood. Another flood hit a large portion of the Midwest region including the eastern Dakotas, Wisconsin, Kansas, and Indiana in 1993. Recovery costs for the Great Flood exceeded $4.2 billion. Like the flood in 1913 agriculture was affected for many years hurting the economy of the Midwest. A more recent disastrous flood hit mainly Iowa in 2008. After the flood in 2008 agriculture again took a hard hit and since the government ...
Hundreds of people died that day. A good portion of the women who worked at the factory died from the fire, while the others decided to jump out of the building to their death. At the end of the day, the families who had suffered a loss due to the fire received at most $75 as compensation. The corporation learned nothing from the disaster. However, this was an eye opener for some of the journalists who wanted to make a change.
.... The lessons learned from the many events will provide an extensive knowledge base and benchmark that all emergency managers can draw from to better position citizens for survival of large scale evacuations and sheltering events.
Hurricane Katrina was considered as the worst hurricane in the history of United States. The winds and the rain were shattering people’s homes which collapsed and flooded. Thousands of people were suffering and dying. People were starving, and becoming dehydrated. Many people were left on the street and became homeless. After the hurricane, so many questions were left regarding the widespread damage and loss of loved ones. This devastating disaster destroyed the city of New Orleans and nearby cities and was estimated to cost $80 billion dollars in damage. State and local emergency in the affected area were struggling to perform urgent response missions such as emergency medical services, search and rescue, firefighting, giving food and water,
Gene understands that the story does not end with just the damages but also what it contributes to the future. It has brought with it new measures in structural development, social relationships and insurance holding. It is a major step to the lessening of the impact of future disasters.
Hazards pose risk to everyone. Our acceptance of the risks associated with hazards dictates where and how we live. As humans, we accept a certain amount of risk when choosing to live our daily lives. From time to time, a hazard becomes an emergent situation. Tornadoes in the Midwest, hurricanes along the Gulf Coast or earthquakes in California are all hazards that residents in those regions accept and live with. This paper will examine one hazard that caused a disaster requiring a response from emergency management personnel. Specifically, the hazard more closely examined here is an earthquake. With the recent twenty year anniversary covered by many media outlets, the January 17, 1994, Northridge, California earthquake to date is the most expensive earthquake in American history.
More than five thousand people attended the funeral. Hundreds of lawsuits were filed and many of them were won. The explosion damaged one hundred million dollars worth of buildings, parks, hospitals, and many other things. Congress granted Texas City seventeen million dollars to repair the town and start to rebuild. And another way that people helped out was by doing fundraisers for the city.
The Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment need the whole community to pass on information, account for population-specific factors, and acknowledge the effects of a threat or hazard. Communities have to be educated and updated on threats and hazards that they may specifically face in order to accurately plan and prepare. All situations are usually handled starting at the lowest level, however, they will also have to discuss on how the federal government will assist if needed. “By providing the necessary knowledge and skills, we seek to enable the whole community to contribute to and benefit from national preparedness.” (FEMA, 2015). Local communities recognize their risks and conclude on how they will handle the significant amount of risks. Local governments discover and address their greatest risks by finishing the Threat and Hazard
A Flood Hydrograph and the Factors That Affect its Form A flood hydrograph is a graph of two axis, 'discharge' and 'time'. Plotted on the graph is the amount of discharge over a period of time. By looking at a hydrograph, a lot of information and data can be gathered about the river, the precipitation, the surrounding area and vegetation etc. The gradient, height and length of a line can tell you a lot of this information. There are many different factors that can affect the appearance and shape of a hydrograph.
As a non-structural measure, flood forecasting (such as discharge, water level, or flow volume) is a crucial part of flow regulation and water resources management. Worldwide, flood disasters account for about one-third of all natural disasters in terms of number and economic losses (Berz 2000). As stated by Dutta and Herath (2004), out of the total number of flood events in the world during the past 30 years, 40% occurred in Asia and Southeast Asia countries stand for the second worst region in Asia. ASEAN Disaster Risk Management Initiative (2010) reported that a catastrophic 200-year flood (0.5 percent annual probability of exceedance) would have a major impact on the economies of the Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, which are already fragile. The process of floods is basically complex, uncertain and unpredictable, due to its nonlinear dependency on meteorological and topographic parameters (Thirumalaiah and Deo 1998). While distributed hydrological modeling involves multidisciplinary and complex issues, simple, robust and sustainable approaches in flood forecasting system are needed, without much effort in continuous updating such models. For flood forecasting to be effective, it must provide flood warnings with a reasonable lead time. Furthermore, for real time operation, the authorities may require to access the gauges of significant predictors (Corani and Guariso 2005), thus saving considerable costs, a critical issue in developing countries.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss potential disasters that could affect a community and cause mass casualties. Further discussion will include who is responsible for the management preparedness, what barriers must be considered and finally this paper will discuss the health care facilities role in emergency supplies and care of the patient in a disaster situation. The Community Communities throughout the country and the world are susceptible to disasters. The environment and location of a community often predisposes a greater susceptibility to the type of disaster. For example, Central Pennsylvania would not be susceptible to an avalanche, however, communities in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado would have increased vulnerability.
The least violent type of natural disasters is the flood; it is one of the most frequent hazards. A flood can affect local areas or a very large area affecting entire river deltas. Not all foods are alike, some of them develop slowly over a period days and some of them occur in a matter of minutes. The floods that develop quickly are known as flash floods; flash floods have a dangerous wall of thunderous water that carries rocks, mud and other different debris. If you live in a low-lying area near water you more prone to flooding, the smallest streams, gullies, creeks, and streambeds can cause a flood. Floods are often not a common thought when you think of a natural disaster, but they can be fatal, destroy homes, businesses, and roads, happen when you least expect, and happen when you are not prepared (FEMA:Flood). An extreme example of this type of natural disaster is the flood in eastern Australia last month; the flood, which lasted for weeks, caused thirty dea...
Taher, R. (2011). General recommendations for improved building practices in earthquake and hurricane prone areas. San Francisco, CA: Architecture for Humanity Retrieved from