Flange joint is one of the methods of pipe joints. Pipe flanges are used at places where piping, instruments, valves, equipment etc. are required to be dismantle for maintenance. Flange joint is an assembly of three different components: Flanges, Gaskets & Bolting brought together in a proper method by some external source. Special measures shall be considered in selection and application of each component of the joint to achieve acceptable leak tightness. The flanges are normally made of forging only in few cases it can be fabricated from plates.
TYPES OF FLANGES
The most used flange types in Petro and chemical industry are:
1. Welding Neck Flange
2. Slip On Flange
3. Socket Weld Flange
4. Lap Joint Flange
5. Threaded Flange
6. Blind Flange
…show more content…
SPECIAL FLANGES
Except the flanges, which are mentioned above, there are still a number of special flanges such as:
1. Orifice Flanges
2. Spectacle Blinds (part of flange connection)
3. Spades and Ring Spacers (part of flange connection)
4. Long Welding Neck Flanges
5. Weldo-flange / Nipo-flange
6. Expander Flange
7. Reducing
…show more content…
The connection with the pipe is done with 2 fillet welds, at the outside and at the inside of the flange. This space is necessary, to not to damage the flange face, during the welding process. A disadvantage of the flange is, that always first a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting. A combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is not possible.
Socket Weld FLANGE
Socket Weld flanges were firstly developed for use on small-size high pressure piping. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% more than double-welded Slip On flanges. The connection with the pipe is done with only 1 fillet weld, at the outside of the flange. But before welding, a space must be created between flange or fitting and pipe. The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a socket weld is usually to minimise the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal. The disadvantage of this flange is the gap, that must be made. By corrosive products, and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can have corrosion
They’re where a lot of purposed recommendations from the commission to help ensure that any future shuttle missions would not experience the same catastrophic O-ring failure like the challenger shuttle. The first recommendation was to redesign the O-ring by improving “structural capability, seal redundancy, and thermal protection” (NASA, n/d). This change would also redesign the tang and clevis of the mating points of the rocket. The redesign not only used a third O-ring seal but also a newly redesigned “O-ring seals are designed to not leak under structural deflection of twice the expected values” (NASA, n/d)
The center column had two thick silicone pipes each connected to an elbow joint, the elbow joints were each then connected to a small nipple, the two nipples connected to a t-shaped joint. The t-shaped joint was connected to a nipple that was later connected to a union. The union had a small nipple attached, the nipple was then also attached to an elbow joint, the elbow joint connected with a long copper rod. The copper rod was attached to an elbow joint, the elbow joint was attached to a nipple, which was attached to another elbow joint, to a nipple that was attached to the top of water packed column.
Pivot Joint This type of joint is also known as a rotary joint and allows only one type of movement, rotational movement which occurs when bone rotates on or around another bone, an example of this type of joint includes the joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move back and forth, the joint in the wrist which allows the palm to be turned facing upwards and facing downwards, this type of joint is incredibly important because it allows the bones to move freely while rotating, without this type of joint we wouldn’t be able move our head or our hands and wrists. The bones in a pivot joint are connected by ligaments to allow flexible side to side movement. Different types of bones are connected in a joint, for example, irregular bones like the vertebra and the skull is connected in a pivot joint. Hinge Joint
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
The theme death has always played a crucial role in literature. Death surrounds us and our everyday life, something that we must adapt and accept. Whether it's on television or newspaper, you'll probably hear about the death of an individual or even a group. Most people have their own ideas and attitude towards it, but many consider this to be a tragic event due to many reasons. For those who suffered greatly from despair, living their life miserably and hopelessly, it could actually be a relief to them. Death affects not only you, but also those around you, while some people may stay unaffected depending on how they perceive it.
Pressure valves may be classified into two main categories namely reclosing and non-reclosing. Reclosing devices are the more common of these two groups. They are designed in such a manner that they reclose securely once safe pressure levels have been restored. The second type, the non-reclosing pressure valve, does not reclose nor vent all the fluid built up, for example fusible plugs.
Positionality as a concept is believed to be the general aspects that positions people within their immediate environments. This concept is aimed at viewing the way people see the world based on their different embodied locations. In general, positionality comprises of many dimensions of social identity, which has been instrumental in shaping our personalities within our immediate environment. Some of these dimensions of social identity which we are going to analyze in this paper include the following race, skin color, ethnicity, nationality, first language, gender, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, religious or spiritual belief system, ability, disability, and sense of place.
"Welding Processes, Welding Faults, Defects & Discontinuities For NDT Technicians Part 3." Hera.org. Hera, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. .
One main category of welding is arc welding. Arc welding uses a current sent from an electrode, through the base metal, and back into the ground clamp on your welder. This arc creates a tiny spot of immense heat that melts the metal around it, thus creating a weld puddle, or the puddle of molten metal. Within arc welding there are MIG, TIG, and stick welding.
There is different types of rods and different types of ways to weld. You need a lot of training for it. There are many schools and colleges you can go to receive welding education. The most common welding processes are Gas Metal Arc Welding, Flux Core Arc Welding, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Shielded Metal Arc Welding. The easiest of these is the Gas Metal Arc Welding. Welding options are stick, flux core, tig, and mig. The pipeline tig and stick welds a lot more than the other .The pipeline use many types of techniques but, the most common on the pipeline is downhill root pass and the up hill pass. The median annual wage of welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers is
introduced all have large holes in them. Many do not take into account all of
Miazga, Mike. "Changing with the Times." Plumbing & Mechanical June 2012: 34. Home Improvement Collection. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
“One choice can transform you” (Roth). Every choice made affects the future. Every choice results in consequences. Every choice can change everything. Divergent, a dystopian society novel by Veronica Roth, is about a girl named Tris and her superior Four who conquer the challenges of being involved with a utopian society gone wrong. The society is divided into five factions: Dauntless, Erudite, Abnegation, Candor, and Amity. The factions are made up of the people of the society. Everyone has one faction they belong in, unless they are Divergent. Divergent means tending to be different or to develop in different directions. Tris and Four are both Divergent, along with just a handful of others. Tris and Four make fate altering decisions such as selecting their actions in the aptitude test, choosing to let each other know their secrets, and standing up for each other.
Welding is an art, science, and high paying career all in one. Welding is the most effective way to join two pieces of metal, it is the only way to join them so they act as one. Numerous things in our daily lives has been welded from coffeepots to skyscrapers. Welding can be done almost anywhere outdoors, indoors, underwater, and even space (“Welding Basics”). It is practically
The pieces of puddle iron were later brought to the construction site and held together using rivets.3