The Tarsometatarsal joint or call the Lifranc joint consists of the base of all five Metatarsal bones, the three Cuneiforms bones, Navicular bone, and the Cuboid bone. Together, they are binds by a series of ligaments that grants the joint limited movements while given great stability to the joints. In addition to the ligaments, multiple muscles and tendons surround the area also give great assists to give the joint the stability it has and the natural transverse arches.
The formation of the bones line up to creates three columns: the median column, the central column, and the lateral column. The medial column consists of the first or medium cuneiform lining up with the first metatarsal bone. The central or middle column consists of the
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Of the possible hundreds, approximately twenty muscles work together to give the joint it stability and motion. Of the twenty, five major groups of muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, eversion, inversion, adduction, and abduction. From the dorsal view, the following muscles are responsible for mostly dorsiflexion movement: The Extensor Digitorum Longus run from the lateral condyle to the distal of the second to fifth digit. The Extensor Hallicus Longus run from the shaft of the tibia to the great toes. The Tibialis Anterior travel from lateral condyle to the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone. The Peroneus Brevis run from the distal portion of the fibia shaft to the fifth metatarsal and is responsible for eversion of the foot. The Peroneus Longus run from distal portion of the tibia and lateral condyle of the tibia to the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone. Lastly, the Extensor Digitorum Brevis run from the calcaneus anteriorly to the first fourth proximal part of the phalanges. The plantar side consists of the following: Tibialis Anterior that run from both the fibula and tibia and connect to all three of the cuneiform, the navicular, and the calcaneus. The Flexor Hallicus Longus run from the distal part of the fibula and travel all the way down to the great toes. The Flexor Digitorum Brevis run from the tibia travel down to the four-distance digit. The Lumbricales began from the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus and end at the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus on the second to the fifth toes. The Flexor Digitorum Brevis began at the calcaneus and end at the center phalanges of the second to the fifth toes. The Flexor Hallicus Brevis began from the cuboid and the cuneiform and end at phalanges of the great
As the matrix hardens, it forms lamella, a tube of the solidified bone matrix, which forms the lamellar bone. Essentially, lamellar bone is lamellae with collagen fibers surrounding each lamella. It is important to know that collagen fibers on one layer, run parallel to the collagen fibers on another layer. For this reason, lamellar bone is very tough. The lamellar bone is located on both sides of the spongy bone and thickens around the trabeculae. The blood vessels are still situated within the spongy bone and form the red marrow. If a lamellae form around a blood vessel, it creates an osteon with a central canal where the blood vessel is
In the frontal plane, the movement shows the depression of scapula. The joint involved in this part of the pirouette is the scapulothoracic joint. This motion can be analyzed in the frontal plane or the sagittal due to the movements of the shoulders with the trunk (Hall, 2011). In the transverse plane it is the external rotation of the hip that helps form a pirouette. The muscles used to perform the rotation are the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (Hall, 2011). These muscles are used to help the leg move to the correct position for a pirouette.
The bony collar of long bones is the one that is designed to help support the weight of the body and withstand compressive stress.
The gluteus maximus originates from both the ilium and the sacrum and inserts on the femur. The gluteus minimus abducts and rotates the thigh outward. The biceps femoris originates from the tuberosity of the ischium and is responsible for abducting the thigh and flexing the hindlimb or in humans the thigh/leg. The gastrognemius originates from the lateral sesamoid bone of the femur and extends the hindfoot in minks and the calves in humans (Scott).
Therapeutic stretches of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. If the ligament are weakened, cross fiber friction them to try to regain some of the integrity of the ankle back.
The surfaces of the joint are organised to allow only back and forth motion such as bending and straightening. This type of joint can be found between your upper arm and your lower arm, in the elbow. This type of joint is incredibly important as it allows an up and down movement, without this type of joint, we wouldn’t be able to move our arm up and down. Muscles are attached to this type of joint by tendons to allow it to contract and relax and be able to move the bone within this joint. Ligaments attach the bones in a hinge joint together, for example, the humerus and the tibia are joined by ligaments but they also have antagonist muscle pairs attached to them by tendons which allow the bone to move by contraction and relaxation of the muscles. This type of joint mainly includes long bones as it’s necessary for movement in the skeletal
The coccyx is a triangular-shaped bone located in the axial skeleton at the end of the spine and is inferior to the sacrum. This bone is really a set of small of bones (usually four, but could be three or five) that fuse during development. Since it is shaped like a tail, it is generally referred to as the tailbone. I found it fascinating that genetic research found that the same genes that produce the tails of mice also are responsible for the development of the coccyx. If ever there is a point to be made for evolution, the coccyx is it. I bet we were some awesome-looking creatures in ancient times – moving around, twitching our little tails!
Pivot joints are found in your neck and your elbow and only allows rotation whereas a hinge joint can be found in your elbow, knee and ankle and allows flexion and extension. Both joints are uni-axial but are made up of different bones, pivot joints being made up of irregular bones and hinge joints are made up of long bones. They are both different to look at for example, a pivot joint is a ring around a peg where as a hinge joint is a cylinder in a troth. Both joints can be used I sport for example a pivot joint can be used when turning your head to breath in swimming and a hinge joint can be used for kicking a ball in football this shows us that hinge joints allow larger ranges of movement whereas pivot joints only allow small movements like turning your head.
The soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior contract isometrically to keep the ankle stable at 90 degrees (Teachpe.com n.d.) (The previous reference was used to identify key joint types and muscles throughout my analysis). The knee joint is extended when in the standing position, to stabilize this joint the biceps femoris, semi-mebranosus, semi-tendonosus (hamstrings) and the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus transcriptis and vastus medialis (quadriceps) co-contract isometrically. The vertebral column of the body remains stable due to the isometric co-contraction of the erector spinae, rectus abdominus and the external and internal obliques.... ...
Some joints have two axes of rotation, permitting motion in two planes that are at right angles to one another. These biplanar joints include a category of synovial joints known as condyloid joints, formed by the rounded, widened ends (condyles) of the two articulating bones. Condyloid joints allow full motion in one plane and have limited range of motion in a second plane. The knee (tibiofemoral), the joints of the hand and fingers (metacarpal-phalangeal), and the joints of the foot and the toes (metatarsal-phalangeal joints) are all examples of condyloid joints (Fig given
To protect different sections of the body there are 5 types of bones that serve a specific function for the system. The first type is long bone. Long bones are hard bones that provide strength, structure and mobility. (Medicine Net) These bones are longer than they are wide and they are mainly located in the appendicular skeleton. They also consist of several sections which are Diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysic, and epiphyseal plates. The diaphysis is the long central shaft. Next, Epiphysis forms into the large ends of long bones while the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis is also known as metaphysis. Lastly, epiphyseal plates are plates of cartilage that allow growth to take place during childhood years. Cartilage cell production stops when the human body stops growing and the plates eventually become replaced by bone. Flat
Twenty-eight bones make up the skull. Eight of these bones are interlocking plates. These plates form the cranium.
The Axial skeleton gives the human body posture; it’s made up from 80 bones, consisting of the Skull, Sternum, Vertebrae and the Ribs. (In red)
The Ankle Joint, otherwise known as the Talocrural Articulation, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal tibiofibular joint to the upper surface of the body of the talus. Owing its strength to the shape of the articulating bones as well as the ligaments and tendons attached to it, the ankle joint is relatively stable in the neutral position.
There is two divisions of the bones, the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones which include the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. The skull considts of 22 bones. The cranium which cover the brain are made up of 8 bones and the facial is made up of 14 bones.