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Contribution of financial institutions to economic development
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Financial Services Industry Report
Intro
With the opening of global markets financial institutions have been playing a key role in globalizations. From securities, stocks, investments, financial institutions have opened markets. For instance in Europe, financial and governmental agencies have established a currency, electronic foreign exchange trading. The World Trade Organization, (WTO) has established markets that are constantly debating ethical issues. World-wide tragedies make financial institutions a key player in relief efforts, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural and world-wide conflicts. The World Bank plays a major role in debt relief as well. There are many roles that financial institutions have on the global economy.
Technology in Foreign exchange trading and Capitalism Possible: Changes over the Next Decade
"The Internet, together with deregulation and globalization, has engendered a wave of hyper competition that includes the emergence of new exchanges, markets, and distribution channels providing opportunities for cost reduction and Strategic advantage" (Gallagher 81). The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) recently reported that the foreign exchange also known as the forex is at 1.2 trillion daily turnover(81). Capitalism continues to spread throughout the world with it's pros and cons. The con's are ethical and moral, and the pro's are economic growth for the underdeveloped. Capitalism's brute force can be socialized into something more responsible and moral. Application of a stewardship ideal to business rationality can make a difference
companies can meet their responsibilities to all stake holders"(Young 14). Wealth needs to be given to the under-developing countries as a principle. Labor relations should protect workers and help them with financial credit and investment.
Global Capital
Asia markets are one of the booms that are going to be part of major financial globalization. At the International Futures Industry conference held by the Futures Industry Association, exchange and clearing executives from all over the world discussed the global futures in the market. Asia was a big highlight of the conference which focused on regulation and international capital markets. Sharon Brown of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) states "Today, more than ever, US business sell their products and services over seas, rely upon foreign resources and access international capital markets" (Jaworski 29). It is important to establish financial institutions that bring up the standard of living in these areas of the world.
World Social Reform and Global Politics
Trade agreements that involve international financial institutions and transnational corporations, taking advantage by moving investments to cheaper labor such as third world companies, have been in debate and scrutinized by activists around the world.
John Baylis et al. (2011) comments on how $2 trillion is exchanged in the foreign market exchange every single day, this exchange goes on between transnational corporations. A transnational corporation has its headquarters in one country and operates partially or wholly owned subsidiaries in one or more other countries an example of a transnational corporation would be Google, whose main headquarters are in Mountain View California but they have multiple offices around the world such as Dublin. Huge transnational corporations (TNCs hereafter) estimated to account for one quarter to one third of all world output, 70% of all of the world’s trade and over 80% of the world’s investment. These figures given are proof that these transnational corporations are the key figure in the world’s economy that controls the location and distribution of all economic and technological resources the world provides.
Capitalism, as a system is bound to increase economic disparity. Bill Gates argues that this system would make huge progress in terms of reducing the divide between the rich and the poor (1). However, capitalism would cause disparity not only within a country but also between different countries. A free market would ensure an increase in inequality because the wages of the working class never increase proportionate to the economic growth. This happens because of “inflation, rapid economic growth, the decline in the power of unions and their influence as well as the exchange rate of the dollar” (Thompson). The owners of companies always get the benefits whereas the labor receives very little for the work it has put into the products (Hanks). In terms of disparity between countries, capitalism, while proposing free trade, emphasizes the need for specialization. This specialization increases the divide between the first world and third world. The third world consists of countries which specialize in the primary industry whereas the first world concentrates on the secondary industry. The seco...
These results change or modify political organizations to be suitable for the needs of global capital. Regions and nations are encouraged to import and export of goods from other parts of the world rather than supplying or manufacturing them in their own homeland. Thus, seeking expensive manufactured supplies or goods from third world countries to import them to the first world corporation’s injunction with the free trade zones of globalization (Ravelli and Webber, 2015). These negotiations raises new organizations, for example, the World Trade Organization (WTO) to aid and supervise both countries to for a legalized trade. However, Neoliberalism amplifies the negative aspects of globalization’s effect on the economy. For example, deregulation, decrease of government benefits, and tax modifications (Bunjun, 2014). Nevertheless, relating these negative aspects to the documentary Made in L.A. (Carracedo, 2007) which is the main issue of increased risk of employment for both the first world and third world countries. In regards to, a switch from full time stable and secure jobs to part time unstable and insecure jobs. This reduces career growth for many employees, which they recognize, and thus switch jobs – where as they may not fit as well (Bunjun, 2014). As a result, globalization causes market inefficiency via labor market segregation and exploitation, unemployment and underemployment, unequal access to employment (Bunjun,
Weiss, M.A. (2009) ‘The Global Financial Crisis: The Role of the International Monetary Fund’, CRS Report for Congress.
This paper will serve as a discussion on the topic of investment banking. In this paper the author includes various articles and thoughts that help to understand the background and principle of investment banking. This discourse will attempt to address this issue through explaining what investment banking is, introducing major investment bankers, and how investment banking affects our globally economy. Investment Banking Defined Investopedia (2008) stated this definition about investment banking, “A specific division of banking related to the creation of capital for other companies. Investment banks underwrite new debt and equity securities for all types of corporations.
The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference. Both provide assistance to countries suffering economically. While the IMF is a cooperative institution that aims to create an organized global system of payments and receipts, the World Bank is an institution that aims to help developing countries (Driscoll 1). Both play a part in the economies of struggling nations with the goal of reducing their burden and helping them to survive in the global economic system. Unfortunately, in many cases, their practices within developing nations have been seen to create more harm than good.
Shangquan, Gao. “Economic Globalization: Trends, Risks, and Risk Prevention.” Development. United Nations, 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. .
First of all globalization has led to exploitation of labor. We can’t ignore the fact that ethical aspects of international business deserve special attention. Corruption and engaging in illegal practice to make greater profit is a source of continuing controversy. Sometimes companies go international and move their production to foreign countries so they could employ workers for long hours, at low wages and in poor working conditions (sweat shops). They are also using child labor, the employment of children to a full time work that can be otherwise done by adults all that so they could get out of their responsibility towards their workers by avoiding paying them national insurance …When these multinational firms go abroad they forget all about principles and about human beings and their rights, according to Kent, J., Kinetz, E. & Whehrfritz, G. (2008/March24). Newsweek. Bottom of the barrel. “The dark side of globalization: a vast work force trapped in conditions that verge on slavery”, David, P. Falling of The Edge, Travels through the Dark Heart of Globalization..Nov 2008. (p62) also agrees with them when he explained his concerns about Chinese and Indians t...
... policies. People will continue to suffer in silence because of the world’s greed. So, while we enjoy our cheaply made goods and over consume the planet into demise, we never know of choose not to know the pain that went into the productions of those goods. Globalization may be championed as a gateway to financial growth for all nations, but only certain nations benefit from it. Global trading and integration has a negative effect on undeveloped nations and developed nations in many ways including; political systems, sovereignty, economy, way of life and much more. Earlier in the essay I asked ‘do the pros outweigh the cons when it comes to globalization’ and from my research I don’t see any real benefit. I don’t believe we should eliminate global business, but better the already lacking regulations and probably increase the standard of living equally for the world.
As a conclusion international business best described as a Globalization. A globalizing business sector advertises viability through rivalry and the division of the work it permits individuals and economies to keep tabs on what they specialize in. It also allows people to go globally. Globalization has stretched the assets, items, administrations and markets accessible to individuals. The increasing set of reliant connections around individuals from distinctive parts of a world that happens to be separated into countries
Offshoring has become a big factor in the global economy. Many companies have opened customer service centers in different countries due to the savings. Clothing companies moved their manufacturing plants to other countries due to the cost of labor. Major stores in the US, for example, Wal-Mart, brings in most of their products from other countries to save money and pass that savings onto the consumer. Capitalism in the US has recently helped the global economy, the benefits of the Americans in the world’s marketplace is seen in the return of money to the rest of the world.
Never have I ever climbed a mountain peak. As a child, I imagined myself conducting expeditions in deep-frozen pathways, leading amateur explorers to the top of the world, and instructing rookies in surviving harsh blizzards. Even though slightly altered, my childhood dream has been achieved. I led a team of fellow classmates, in my Strategic Management course, to the success summit of a financial competition. Over the course of a semester, I and my teammates were supposed to create and manage a company of the IT industry, in a computer-simulated environment, along with other four rival teams. I dealt with strategy and financial matters of our virtual enterprise, while my colleagues were working on marketing and manufacturing. During the four months of the exercise, I have experienced finance from various aspects: capital budgeting, through selecting favorable investment for upcoming quarters; debt management, by assessing the necessary amount and efficiency of loans; profitability analysis and dividend policy, which had been used to compile the company’s general performance index. Working in a multinational team, which included an American, a Norwegian and a Moldovan, strengthen my negotiations skills, as well as flexibility and cooperation. But above all, this experience intensified my passion for finance. Of course, a pleasant bonus was the fact that, in the end, our company’s financial performance was six times the performance of second-best team.
Globalization is a term that is difficult to define, as it covers many broad topics in the global arena. However, it can typically be attributed to the advancement of economic, social, and cultural interactions among the companies, citizens, organizations, and governments of nations; globalization also focuses on the interactions and integration of countries (The Levin Institute 2012). Many in the Western world promote globalization as a positive concept that allows growth and participation in a global community. Conversely, the negative aspects rarely receive the same level of attention. Globalization appears to be advantageous for the privileged few, but the benefits are unevenly distributed. For example, the three richest people in the world possess assets that exceed the Gross National Product of all of the least developed countries and their 600 million citizens combined (Shawki and D’Amato 2000). Although globalization can provide positive results to some, it can also be a high price to pay for others. Furthermore, for all of those who profit or advance from the actions related to globalization, there are countless others who endure severe adverse effects.
Asian financial crisis in 1997 is a good example to demonstrate the globalisation as a single issue in one country will motivate a domino effect on other countries. Since the crisis stared in Thailand because of the fail in banking system, a political upheaval was triggered in South Korea and Indonesia. At the same time, financial centres in New York, London, Hong Kong and Tokyo were also affected in this crisis. During the crisis, global news agencies utilised the Internet and telegraph updating news to their home countries. Such as the Economist, Reuters and the Financial Times which ar...
Globalization’s history is extremely diversified and began during the beginning of civilization. Now we live in a world that is constantly evolving, demanding people to use resources in locations that are very difficult to obtain certain resources. This could make it completely impossible to operate in these specific parts of the world. However, globalization allows people across the world to acquire much needed resources. Globalization creates the opportunity for businesses to take advantage and exploit the ability to take part of their business to a different country. Nevertheless, globalization is part of today’s society and will be involved in virtually all situations.