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Essay on women, crime, and violence
Essay on women, crime, and violence
Essay on Crime and violence against women
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3. Feminist Theory- According to Meda Chesney-Lind, women commit crime because of objectification and victimization they are forced to endure as a result from a deep rooted social patriarchy. Women are reduced to criminal behavior because it they depend on it to survive (Clifford, Agnew, and Wilcox, 2014).
4. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) - Intimate Partner Violence is categorized under a form of domestic abuse, however, it focuses mainly on the long-term effects it has on the victims (McHugh and Frieze, 2006).
5. Recidivism- According to the National Institute of Justice, recidivism is the, “person’s relapse into criminal behavior,” that is measure by “rearrests, reconviction, or return to prison with or without a new sentence during a three-year period following the prisoner’s release,” (Recidivism, 2014)
6. Rehabilitation- in the context of crime, is the act of a criminal person re-integrating into society and accepting the social norms as a part of their own.
Review of Literature
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Viewing literature works singularly will help distinguish between the proposed dependent and independent variables in the research. In explanation, the independent variable consists of domestic violence and intimate partner violence because it is one of the main reasons of sexual objectification and victimization among women. The dependent variable is the increased crime rates among women due to the victimization and abuse they endure. However, they both stand-alone since the study main focus is to research how domestic abuse rates have increased as well as how crime rates have increased over the
Rehabilitation is another objective of sentencing. Rehabilitation is different from incapacitation and deterrence in that it does not always involve getting put behind bars. An offender may receive a sentence of rehabilitation where they are released back into society to complete a community based sentence (Goff, 2014 p.296).
The most notable discovery or key concept behind intimate partner violence with women as victims, would be that the overall rates have seen a general decrease. As found in the National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide report, "Spousal homicide rates for both women and men have declined between 1974 and 2000" (Bunge, 2002). Many of the authors discussed present different perspecti...
The hypothesis for this research will be 'Have the new stricter policies on domestic violence among intimate partners led to a decrease in repeat offenders? '
Wormith, J. S., Althouse, R., Simpson, M., Reitzel, L. R., Fagan, T. J., & Morgan, R. D. (2007). The rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders: The current landscape and some future directions for correctional psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(7), 879-892.
“…reintegration requires a connection to the community through employment, education, stable housing, involvement with community- based organizations, and no additional contact with the criminal justice system” (Travis, 2005). However, reintegration becomes difficult when people are locked away from society during a long period of time and are not taught the necessary skills to succeed in a community, “...barriers to reintegration include limited educational attainment and employment opportunities; unstable housing; substance abuse; physical and mental health concerns; family difficulties; and previous criminal history (Iwamoto et al., 2012;
Feminist criminology is the study of crime in terms of gender for example why men commit more crime than women, why women do more petty crimes, like shop lifting, than violent crime, sexism in the court system, and female victimization. Feminist criminology contains many branches. Liberal, radical, Marxist, and socialist feminism are widely recognized, although other "strands" exist such as postmodernism and ecofeminism. Most feminist criminology involves critiques about how women offenders have been ignored, distorted, or stereotyped within traditional criminology, but there is no shortage of separate theories and modifications of existing theories.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of abuse that occurs between people who are involved in a close relationship. “Intimate partner” is a term that is used to include both current and former spouses as well as dating partners. IPV exists along a continuum that ranges from a single episode of violence through ongoing battering.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003).
Introduction to Intimate Partner Violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a tremendously serious social and public health problem. Progression of intimate partner violence can lead to morbidity or mortality and affect various types of relationships. An intimate partner is one that is described by frequent contact, identifying as a couple, emotional bonding, and regular physical and/or sexual contact. A few examples of intimate partners include dating partners, spouses, girlfriends or boyfriends, and sexual partners. Violence within these intimate relationships can be psychological, physical, or sexual and present in heterosexual relationships, homosexual relationships, and to disabled partners in relationships.
The word violence has many different meanings and has many ways of impacting people. It can beat someone down not just physically, but emotionally. Unfortunately, violence and abuse is not uncommon within families and intimate relationships. Webster 's Online Dictionary says that violence is "the use of physical force to harm someone, to damage e property, etc., great destructive force or energy" (Websters,2014) It includes abusive words, actions and criminal acts that seek to degrade, humiliate or harm a woman or child.. Often, the term violence is used to refer to specific, usually physical, acts, while the word abuse is used to refer to a pattern of behavior that a person uses to gain or maintain power and control over another. This essay
Recidivism refers to the tendency of reversion to criminal activities of the released inmates. It is measured by the frequency with which released offenders return to incarceration for new crimes. The rates reflect on the effectiveness of instituted programs that focus on integrating the released offenders into the society (Schmalleger, 2007). When the rates are healthy, it means that the programs in place are doing well in helping the offender restrain from criminal activities. The importance of correctional programs cannot be downplayed for any reason. The programs whether in the prison or out are effective in saving the nation a huge amount in providing public safety and taxes (Pollock, 2004).
Over the past 30 years, the criminal justice systems sentencing and corrections practices have changed immensely. Going from a rehabilitative approach in the early twentieth century, to the current uniform approach of the justice model in the 1970s (Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2001). These changes have had an immense impact on probationary practices and terms. Under the rehabilitative models, probations goal was to focus on individualize treatment that would work to better the offender, help make him/her a productive individual and community member. A focus was placed on the criminal, rather than the crime. However, with the increase in crime rates during the 1960s, the rehabilitative approach to crime quickly ...
The term "intimate partner violence" describes physical violence, sexual violence, stalking and psychological aggression (including coercive acts) by a current or former intimate partner. Examples of intimate partners include current or former spouses, boyfriends or girlfriends, dating partners, or sexual partners. IPV can occur between heterosexual or same-sex couples and does not require sexual intimacy.
Prison sentences are intended, in part, to force an individual to pay his debt to society. This debt was incurred through the crime committed, and the sentence for that crime is imposed as a means of punishment for the individual. After they are released from prison, they have paid their debt to society. Sometimes the release is supervised, and specific conditions are set by the court system. Under other circumstances, an individual has served their entire sentence, including time under supervised release. It is in this case that a convict should be able to reenter civilian life, with the help of the “correctional system,” as a productive member of society. The rehabilitative goals of corrections provide that a felon will have the means
Feminism has not changed today, but its focus has changed. Many women today have good education and employment opportunities just like men, as the early feminist fought for them. Now, after getting all these, men are now discriminating them and at times abusing them in order to undermine their hard work and potentiality. Men are doing all they can to undermine the success women have been able to acquired, however, today’s feminism is struggling to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and rape as well as discrimination.