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Perspective of human sexual history
Freud's theory of sexuality
Freud's theory of sexuality
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"The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm" highlighted the extent to which the patriarchy has staked its place in the bedroom, forcing women to take a backseat to male pleasure. Until now, I had never acknowledged how labeling the vagina as an "orgasmic center" really only serves to benefit men as sexual partners. By ignoring all evidence which suggests that it is really clitoral stimulation that should be focused on, women were- and still are-defined by what pleases men, left to engage in activities that they had been falsely conditioned to believe should please them, as well. What is disturbing to consider is that, if a woman were to emerge from the façade and admit that, actually, this does nothing for me, she was condemned as "vaginally frigid" …show more content…
For, Freud and his band of followers promoted the notion that women were inferior, envious of men, and defined by their physical beings. If they failed to experience vaginal orgasm, as "normal" women should, then there was something psychologically wrong with them. Freud ignored the heaps of evidence that disproved his reasoning, solely basing beliefs about "frigidity" on his skewed assumptions. His widespread support left women to be sexually exploited, consumed by self-hatred, and fearful that they were inadequately female. Above all, I was shocked to discover that many supported the clitoridectomy because it not only "feminized" women, but also prevented them from straying to other partners (either male or female) in pursuit of sexual satisfaction. The fact that this was- and is- a procedure is not only disturbing, it also suggests that more was acknowledged about the true source of female pleasure than many let on. Even more, it demonstrates another way in which sex has historically been tailored to the desires of …show more content…
It was interesting to discover that medical professionals, such as Dr. Seymour Fisher, went to extensive means to disprove the ideology that blamed women's lack of sexual pleasure on their psychology. In this way, the lecture fearlessly pinned the blame for women's dissatisfaction on the failure of men to adequately satisfy their partners, a move that seems to border closely on taboo. For, accepting that "frigidity" is a man-made situation dismisses the ridiculous psychological reasons for the "condition" that were pushed by Freud and his gang of worshippers. Even more, it allowed for consideration of the legitimate issues endured by females. For example, there were women who had "deep cuts or tears" in their ligaments but, thanks to Freud, were conditioned to believe that they weren't enjoying sex because of some sort of mental issue. It seems that rejecting a dangerously misogynistic ideology that caters to the ego and desires of men was a huge step towards prioritizing the lived experiences of women. In consideration of all of this, perhaps the most striking aspect of the lecture itself was the enjoyable audacity that it demonstrated. As with the previous essay, I'm curious to hear about how this material was received by audiences (as well as who these audiences
The conversion of feminism into a binary relationship simplifies the bigger picture of the feminist debate, and thus makes it easier to read. This in turn reaches an audience that is larger than just the highly educated feminists; something that feminists have argued is needed to make the movement stronger. However, on another level, who can interpret what is real feminism and what steps are forward? At what point are we ‘genuinely’ enjoying our sexuality as women and at what point are we simply seeking attention from men? At what point are we being manipulated by our consumer culture? This is ultimately something that every woman must decide for herself.
To “be a lady” in Victorian times, women had to repress their “instincts,” meaning that they must not have sex. Lead by the “cult of true womanhood,” which dictated piety, purity and submissiveness in women, females were directed to become almost asexual. Women went into sexuality thinking that it was something not to be talked about, that women were not supposed to have a libido, and that the act of sexual intercourse was not something that they should enjoy.
In her article “Should There Be Only Two Sexes,” Anne Fausto-Sterling discusses the implications of this genital surgery. She states that infantile genital surgery “causes extensive scarring, requires multiple surgeries, and often obliterates the possibility of orgasm” (80). Fausto-Sterling explains the consequences of these surgeries in order to argue against them. She instead says that intersex individuals should be allowed to make their own decisions regarding their bodies after being well-informed about the choices they have. The individuals interviewed in the documentary confirm the consequences Fausto-Sterling discusses and her conclusion. One person discusses how doctors had removed her clitoris and performed multiple surgeries to widen her vagina during her youth; however, these surgeries have caused sex to be painful and eliminated the possibility of orgasm. Another individual talks about how multiple childhood surgeries had led to significant pain and infections, resulting in scarring. These stories are not uncommon among the interviewed individuals, and all of them express the belief that genital surgery should be a choice made by the intersex individual later in life rather than by others early in life. While they concede that some intersex individuals may feel differently,
Jordanova, Ludmilla. Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the 18th and 20th Centuries. London: Harrester Wheatsheaf, 1989.
To provide a summation, I have learned a great deal about sexuality throughout this class and have utilized some of its teachings in order to help clarify my sexuality. While I have strayed away a bit in this essay about sexuality especially on Freud, I have tried incorporate their teachings into constructing my sexuality identity such as Foucault teaching of sexuality and power and Judith Butler’s sexuality and categories. Freud was just absurd however I will take advantage of these teachings utilized in class in order to constitute a more accurate representation of my sexual
The medicalization of sex addiction demonstrates the lengths at which medical authority will go to inject another fabricated disease into the blood of society. While alleged sex addictions have existed for many years, they have only recently been accepted as valid excuses for sexual deviancy. Attitudes toward sex addiction in the past offer a stark contrast to how it is viewed today, as the constantly medicalizing society insists on putting everything under the technical microscope. Sex addiction is commonly associated with a person’s inability to control his sexual behavior, implying an abnormally high sex drive and obsession with sex which have negative effects on his personal life (MedicineNet 2007, 1). Rather than breaking down the science behind the disorder, a customary practice in today’s medicalized society, older attitudes towards sex addiction placed it under the same light as alcoholism, where a lack of control and unwillin... ...
Sigmund Freud is an excellent example of male authority taking charge of a subject that he does not understand. Although Freud is largely recognized as a prestigious man of psychoanalysis, he had many outlandish ideas towards women, and he admitted to not understanding the complexities surrounding women. He clung to gender stereotypes and depicted the female as an inferior being, eternally jealous of men (Lax 394). The weak and incapable portrayal of female in Freud’s psychoanalytical theories treated the ability of women ever entering this new study of psychology. Freud’s arrival to America in 1909 began America’s fascination with psychoanalysis. The American Psychoanalytic Association was formed shortly after Freud’s visit and upheld a strict no women policy for fifteen years (McGovern). Freud was kind enough to share psychoanalysis with America, expect he made it a boys’ club with a no girls allowed rule and then decided to share his theories of female hysteria and penis envy (Lax). Sigmund Freud’s visit to America brought dangerous ideas and reinforced women’s role as inferior; however, the women of twentieth century America had had years of experience with controlling men and still found ways to infiltrate the American Psychoanalytic
Masters and Johnson were a pioneering team in the field of human sexuality, both in the domains of research and therapy. William Howell Masters, a gynecologist, was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1915. Virginia Eshelman Johnson, a psychologist, was born in Springfield, Montana in 1925. To fully appreciate their contribution, it is necessary to see their work in historic context. In 1948, Alfred C. Kinsey and his co-workers, responding to a request by female students at Indiana University for more information on human sexual behavior, published the book Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. They followed this five years later with Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. These books began a revolution in social awareness of and public attention given to human sexuality. At the time, public morality severely restricted open discussion of sexuality as a human characteristic, and specific sexual practices, especially sexual behaviors that did not lead to procreation. Kinsey's books, which among other things reported findings on the frequency of various sexual practices including homosexuality, caused a furor. Some people felt that the study of sexual behavior would undermine the family structure and damage American society. It was in this climate - one of incipient efforts to break through the denial of human sexuality and considerable resistance to these efforts - that Masters and Johnson began their work. Their primary contribution has been to help define sexuality as a healthy human trait and the experience of great pleasure and deep intimacy during sex as socially acceptable goals. As a physician interested in the nature of sexuality and the sexual experience, William Masters wanted to conduct research that would lead to an objective understanding of these topics. In 1957, he hired Virgina Johnson as a research assistant to begin this research issue. Together they developed polygraph-like instruments that were designed to measure human sexual response. Using these tools, Masters and Johnson initiated a project that ultimately included direct laboratory observation and measurement of 700 men and women while they were having intercourse or masturbating. Based on the data collected in this study, they co-authored the book Human Sexual Response in 1966. In this book, they identify and describe four phases in the human sexual response cycle : excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. By this point in time, the generally repressive attitude toward sexuality was beginning to lift and the book found a ready audience.
In "The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman", Freud discusses a case of a young woman brought to him by her parents for treatment as a homosexual. Although he states that Psychoanalysis is not truly a tool for curing homosexuality, but one to help those with inner conflict in one particular area or another, he attempts to study the girl to see if Psychoanalysis could be of any help to her. Once he realized that the girl had a deep rooted bitterness towards men, he called off his study of her and told her parents that if they were to seek more psychoanalysis for her it should be sought from a woman. Prior to this discovery he found a few things of interest that may have attributed to her choice of sexual object.
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. New York: Vintage Books.
In the year A.F. 632 no pleasure is denied to the populous. Hypnopaedia is used as a device to form the moral education of children. What is taught through this method is not true ethics, but warped actions trained by words. An illustration of this is in the teaching of Elementary Sex to children. The society that Huxley created was one where having sex often and with many people was a positive course of action. Anyone who did not have multiple partners, such as Lenina or Bernard, were considered a blight to society. Society as a whole uses the act of having sex as relief from pain and emotions. A person does not have to lust for someone they merely set up a time and place for them to meet and have sex, and it is completely accepted by everyone. When sex is not enough to relieve a person from pain or loneliness they take soma, a drug that stimulates them into happiness. Unlike the drugs of present day there is no set backs from taking soma, no headaches after use, and after all “One cubic centimetre cure ten gloomy,” (60). Finally, there is the concept of feelies, movies that you can feel what the actors are doing. These feelies are nothing more than glamorized porn movies giving the participants quick orgasmic feelings without effort. All these materialistic pleasures are used to substitute an individuals basic emotional needs and to give them a false sense of happiness. Huxley used this warped view on what today’s society deems morally right and wrong to reveal how shallow the citizens of the brave new world truly are.
For Freud, psychosexual theory occurred when personality arises, as it tries to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and the societal demands to suppress these impulses. In general, psychoanalytic theorists are permeated with notions of human development, and how the child changes during the course of his maturation in an explicit and implicit perspective.
The ideals that shape the world today are largely based on the theory that individuals have dangerous repressed sexual desires. Along with that, the individual represses these emotions in order to function in society and fit in. Freud was one to distance
Luce Irigaray, ’ article, “This Sex Which is Not one,” can be succinctly summarized by the following key points. First, the author mentions the way women are seen in the western philosophical discourse and in psychoanalytic theory. She also talks about the women’s sexuality in many ways. ”Female sexuality has always been concepualtized on the basis of masculine parameters.” Women are seen in qualitatively rather than quantitatively. “Must this multiplicity of female desire and female language be understood as shards, scattered remnants of a violated sexuality? A sexually denied?” Freud mentions that the clitoris is a small penis. The female parts are always seen as a commodity for men. Women don’t need men’s object to pleasure themselves