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The Project Management field is mostly dominated by males, but females nowadays are trying to penetrate this area of expertise. According to Gale and Cartwright (1995, cited in Jaafar M. & Othman N., 2013), women are underrepresented in the past in traditional project-based industries such as engineering and construction. Despite these circumstances, modern females believe that they are equally capable with males in managing a project. This paper aims to determine if females are given less opportunity to become project managers despite having the same educational background, leadership skills and professional experience as their male counterparts. In fact, even if there are already several women who have successfully acquired managerial positions, it has been observed that they need to exert more effort to get a promotion. (Shanmugam et al., cited in Jaafar M. & Othman N., 2013). The succeeding parts of this essay will enumerate the probable factors on the unfair treatment to female project managers. …show more content…
& Othman N., 2013). It implies that given the amount of time needed to complete a project, females can devote lesser time in accomplishing it. A study involving male and female project managers was conducted in Hungary by Beata Nagy and Lilla Vicsek from the Institute of Sociology and Social Policy of Corvinus University of Budapest in 2007. They conclude that women executives need to struggle to meet and exceed the expectations of their job and fulfill their domestic responsibilities at the same time. This also includes the circumstance of pregnancy wherein females can file maternity leave up to six (6) months, depending on the implemented labor law of a country. These are facts, but they do not justify that a woman’s management and leadership effectiveness is
Unfortunately, even today, women are still trying to prove themselves equal to men in many ways. The “glass ceiling” is perhaps one of the most familiar and evocative metaphors to surface from the 20th century. This expression has been used widely in the popular media as well as in official government reports. The image suggest that although it may be the case now that women are able to get through the front door professional hierarchies, at some point they hit an invisible barrier that blocks any further upward movement. “Below this barrier, women are able to get promoted; beyond this barrier, they are not”. Such a situation can be considered a limiting case for a more general phenomenon: situations in which the disadvantages women face relative to men strengthen as they move up executive hierarches. “Traditional approaches to recruitment, organization and job design, performance management and promotions are often designed in ways that are more suited to men than to women. This is what creates the glass ceiling”. Beyond the limit of job titles, the glass ceiling also creates a pay difference between men and women performing the same work requirements.
Powell, G., Butterfield, D., and Bartol, K. (2008). Leader evaluations: A new female advantage? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23, 156-174.
Also, the majority of women have been able to secure employment from traditionally female occupations such as teaching compared to male-dominated careers like engineering. Moreover, democratic country like the United States of America has recognized gender inequality as a fundamental issue and espouse equal right between men and women in contributing to social, economic and cultural life. Despite this improvement, gender inequality persists as women are not represented and treated equally in the workplace (Michialidis, Morphitou, & Theophylatou, 2012). The increasing number of women in the workplace has not provided equal opportunity for career advancement for females due to the way women are treated in an organization and the society. Also, attaining an executive position seem impossible for women due to the glass ceiling effects which defines the invisible and artificial barrier created by attitudinal and organizational prejudices, which inhibit women from attaining top executive positions (Wirth
Women are underrepresented in managerial (Adler 451) and executive level positions within organizations in the United States even today. Although females embody almost fifty percent of the workforce (Adler 451, they occupy only about thirty percent of all salaried positions, twenty percent of middle manager positions, and about five percent of executive level positions (Bell 65). At the current rate of increase in executive women, it will take until 2466 or over 450 years to reach equality with executive men.
Project managers come from a wide range of backgrounds and often begin their careers as specialists in their chosen profession; gradually moving into project management roles. Considering many p...
Women have faced great difficulty in the past to gain equal rights as men in the workplace. Currently, in the twenty-first century may seem that women have made substantial leeway in obtaining the equal rights and treatment in the workplace as men. Women still face inequalities that are barriers preventing them from advancing in their careers. Gender inequality is not the only barrier in the workplace. Race, social class and perceived gender roles are barriers as well. Inequality in the workplace has negatively affected women to advancing in their careers. The purpose of this paper is critically analyzing the factors that have negatively affected women in their ability to achieve higher positions and salaries in the workplace. This paper will contain an analysis of discrimination among women in the workplace by their social class and race, how perceived gender roles have influenced perceptions of employers and the consequences of gender inequality has all contributed to the barriers of women to move ahead in the workplace.
Many writers have addressed the popular question of women and the relationship between gender and leadership. These vary from women not possessing the quality and traits necessary for managerial work to the negative stereotypes attached with women striving to succeed in a male dominant quarter. 3% of CEO’s in the Fortune 500 companies are women [10], therefore this gap in leadership means that there are many obstacles barricading women in senior positions to make that leap through the glass ceiling that is holding them back. In this essay, I will be explaining a few obstacles women in leadership face and what can be done to address them.
As explained by Leimon, et al., (2010) the biggest concern of the diversity, the gender can be considered. It hits more of the population than any other sort of diversity in all societies. Bajdo & Dickson, (2001) found, one of the organizational cultural practices of gender equality was found to be the most important predictor of the percentage of women in management. Gender equality in Employment Law is an important milestone in the development of women workers’ rights. Somehow, the implementation of same has been severely criticised by some Asian countries (Rowley & Yukongdi, 2009). Klenke, (2011) defined, gender is one theoretical lens through which gender has been abstracted in the leadership and management literature. Moreover, today’s women want all, like their male colleagues. But few are succeeding. In the last 50 years, women have made astonishing gains, smashing gender barriers in all aspects of life. More young women have selected careers in usually male-dominated fields and they no longer have to choose between marriage and family (Home Wood Health, 2015).
“Management Women and the New Facts of Life” written by Felice N. Schwartz, is an article that created major controversy when published in a Harvard Business Review. In the article, Schwartz, addresses the topic of women in the workplace and the impact that having a family can have on their career and development; A challenge that has yet to be solved then and now throughout corporate America. She also examines the difficult challenges women face in the workplace. Providing readers with a conclusion of a proper solution, suggesting women be willing to omit their sense of privacy as they seek a more fitting work environment and equality.
In the globalized economy, Successful project managers are in much demand across many industries. Organizations strongly need experienced project managers to lead their staff to accomplish their business goals and deliver successful projects. In an increasingly complex environment, project managers need to turn into many roles and have all kinds of responsibilities at each level of management within an organization. Good project managers are not born. They need to be trained. They develop their skills through study, practise and experience. They become better project managers after they finish a successful project each time. They learn new techniques and apply them on their projects. They learn their lessons from failed projects and then improve to be better project managers in the future.
The low rate of women managing companies is due to different factors such as sexual harassment, and the excess of personal and social
Over the course of my professional life, I have become increasingly involved in project management roles. Doing so has made me aware of the many varied challenges that can face projects and the project managers who are charged with bringing them through to completion. The success or failure of projects, in whatever economic, political or social field, rests not just on the quality of the project’s goals, but also on the abilities of those involved in the project – and above all those who are managing it – to bring it to successful completion. To do this, project managers need to be equipped with a very wide range of skills, many of which are unrelated to the type of project itself. So, for example, a project manager of an engineering project must not only have engineering
Gender inequality is present in all aspects of human society, from culture, politics, and economic stand point to personal relationships. Gender inequality can be viewed as a major problem especially within the business world (Corporation, 2016). In the past, men are seen as leaders in all aspects. For example, men could work without any criticisms, they could participate in political issues and were given higher education. Women on the other hand, were given no political participation, criticized for working outside the household as they were responsible for chores such as takes care of their children, cooking or cleaning and given limited education compared to men. Although there are claims rights equality of women in 21st century and much has been written about it in the field of business (Player, 2013), but there is still a gap between male and female. This essay aims to explore the impact of gender inequality in business and will analyze the details in terms of the men are given high pay and specific jobs over women.
Through qualitative and interview research she concludes "lack of role models and mentors, male-centric attitudes about what constitutes leadership, and family responsibilities that tend to fall most heavily on women." She even attempts to generalize across all women professions, which you cannot do nor draw conclusions from these types of researches. Nevertheless, furnished opinions do not foster cause and effect even though a propensity
It can be concluded that women are treated in terms of stereotyped impressions of being the lowest class and greater evidence can be found that there are large disparities between the women and the men 's class. It can be seen that women are more likely to play casual roles as they are most likely to take seasonal and part time work so that they can work according to their needs. They are hampered from progressing upward into the organizations as they face problems like lack of health insurance, sexual harassments, lower wage rates, gender biases and attitudes of negative behavior. However, this wouldn’t have hampered the participation of the women in the work force and they continue to increase their efforts which is highly evident in the occupational and job ratios of females in the industry.