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Values of religion
Values of religion
Why was religion very important in the life of ancient people
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The Value of the Body According To Felicitas and Perpetua In an attempt to deliver on the value of the body, this paper settles on the text Felicitas and Perpetua. It seeks to answer the question as to whether the narrative of Felicitas and Perpetua merely focuses on their struggles, or it essentially concerns a reinforcement of the ideas of abandoning the family for the church. In the book the writer of the story Felicitas and Perpetua, presents faithful Christians who show their devotion to Christ in several ways. Felicitas and Perpetua deny themselves the best that the daily life has to offer; the joys, duties, and the intimate family love and family life (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). In an era that nearly everybody easily …show more content…
compromises Christian faith with the ordinary family values, theirs is certainly a timely story. This narrative reinforces the subject of abandonment of family obligations for the church (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). Having fully offered their bodies to Christ, Perpetua and Felicitas have explicitly confirmed that the body can only be valuable if used as the temple for Christ. Though the narrative of Perpetua and Felicitas appears to be centered on their struggles, it basically concerns a reinforcement of the ideas of abandoning the family for the church (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). The relationship between Perpetua and the father is the greatest featured of the entire family ties she is dealing with.
This relationship is demonstrated by Perpetua’s assertion, “we were still with the persecutors, and my father, for the sake of his affection for me, was persisting in seeking to turn me away,” (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 49). Personally, Perpetua may have considered this relationship a most important one, considering how significant it is in the roman society where it is expected that daughters should care for their parents, honor them, and improve their family reputation by getting married. However, having believed that her body is the temple of Christ, Perpetua opted not to conform to the expectations of the society. Together with felicity, they defer their duties as mothers to remain devoted to Christ, and leave behind young children during their death (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas …show more content…
50). Though the narrator describes Perpetua as nobly married, at no point in the text do we meet a husband. Possible elucidations include that the husband was endeavoring to distance himself from his actions as a non-Christian, to an extent that he was not worth mentioning, or that his mentioning was ignored. Nevertheless, the nonexistence of a spouse prompts Perpetua to undertake a new family devotions as well as a new identity with respect to Christ. Her execution alongside slaves revealed the ability of Christianity to surpass social distinctions, contrary to the inequality that dominated roman religion and the entire roman society. Since Felicitas and Perpetua were equal in ritual murder despite their class disparity, they confirmed the dramatic declaration that Christianity is far much above social structure (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). Further evidence shows that Felicitas and Perpetua may have detached themselves from their partners to allow themselves enjoy lives dedicated to serving Christ. When brought to a hearing and the martyrs declare their Christian faith, Perpetua does not hesitate asserting that she is married to Christ and that her body is purely meant to serve Christ. In a second vision, she sees Dinocrates, her brother, who had died of cancer at the tender age of seven, before being baptized. Perpetua prays devotedly for him then later sees a vision of him being healthy and happy in Christ (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 52). Claiming that they had family obligations that needed some persistent attention, is an indication that these pagans would rather take part in the pagan cults. The burden of all these obligations mostly fell on young women. Similarly, being strange in being mothers and wives already when they answered the call for being martyrs, the married state of Perpetua and Felicitas is bound to bring with it a set of obligations and duties. However, due to their love and commitment to Christ, they opted to abandon their natural family and embrace the paranormal family of the church (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). Their willingness to forfeit all the parental roles and responsibilities to serve the lord makes them ideal martyrs. In keeping with the accounts of virgin martyrs, we first encounter Perpetua as a daughter and not a mother.
Much as we later learn that she is a mother, she purposefully abandoned all that makes her a mother and assumes the position of a girl (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). This further demonstrates that all she wants to invest her energy on, is Christ. Upon being baptized, Perpetua is sent to prison together with other several Christian companions and her infant so (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 49). Here, we are able to infer that her relationship with the family is ambiguous and complex. This strained relationship is evident in the way Perpetua presents her own father, whom she views as a devil (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). However, by receiving comfort from the brother and mother, she distinguishes herself as a lady who is up to embrace only those who grant her support to serve Christ. By being tormented even by taking care of her son, Perpetua gives the image of a devoted Christian who is ready to devote her whole time, life, and body to Christ (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). This implies that she is not ready to take the naturally ties lightly. Also, based on the first half of her story that builds up to the vivid public break with her family roles as a mother and a daughter, Perpetua stands out as a real martyr ready to sacrifice anything for the sake of serving
Christ (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). Perpetua’s staunch belief in Christ is also depicted by her conduct during her approaching trial. Her refusal to obey her father’s plea to abandon her faith upon learning of her approaching trial, is a proof that she was a true martyr (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). She goes ahead to defend her stand by simply responding that she is a Christian and that her body is Christ’s. Even after being fated to the beast, Perpetua awaits execution, and is merely worried about her son’s fate and not her own death (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 51). Felicitas was worried in regards to her unborn child because “for she had been pregnant when she was apprehended,” (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 55). It is for this reason that upon learning of her son’s development, she infers this development to the will of God and now believes that she will not be tortured by failing to care for her son. This further confirms that Perpetua faced her death free from every family obligation. The narrative of Perpetua and Felicitas is not just a narrative of their struggles, but a reinforcement of the ideas of abandoning the family for the church (Martydon of Perpetua and Felicitas 50). Felicitas have explicitly confirmed that the body can only be valuable if used as the temple for Christ. By being faithful to Christ to an extent of denying themselves the best of their normal daily life, they explicitly reveal that Christian faith can never be compromised with the ordinary family values.
Doña Guadalupe is a woman of great strength and power, power and strength which she draws from her devout faith and her deep and loving compassion for her family, and power and strength which is passed down to her children. “‘Well, then, come in,’ she said, deciding that she could be handle this innocent-girl-stealing coyote inside. On going into the long tent, Salvador felt like he’d entered the web of a spider, the old woman was eyeing him so deliberately” (360). Doña Guadalupe is a very protective woman, which is extremely speculative when it comes to her children, this is especially true when it comes to boys, because she has not gone this far only for all of her hard work to be ruined by a no good boy. This shows how protective she is, she loves her family, and especially her kids so much that they themselves must pass her test before being able to pass on to her children. “The newborns were moving, squirming, reaching out for life. It was truly a sign from God” (58). Doña Guadalupe is also a very devout and faithful person. She sees God in everything and in everyone and by that fact, what she sees and who she sees is true, and she tries to be a model of clairvoyance for the family. “Doña Guadalupe put the baby’s little feet in a bowel of warm water, and the child clinging to his mother. He never cried, listening to her heartbeat, the same music that he’d heard from inside the womb” (57). Finally, Doña Guadalupe is very passionate which allows for a great model upon which her children follow. This further shows how she is clearly th...
Although Patria is concerned with the regime she isn’t on board with the revolution yet, unlike her sisters Minerva and Mate. While on the church retreat Patria watches a boy get shot in the back by guards. She is so stricken by his death that she feels like she has lost another child, “My stillborn of thirteen years ago. My murdered son of a few hours ago.” (162). Patria is so devastated by the loss of her “son” that she decides for herself that it is time to take action. The unforeseen murder prompts Patria to begin another metamorphosis. Because Patria is so pious and protective over her family it is not expected of her to take part in such a risky movement, but it is those same characteristics that give her the courage to resist the regime. The concern for the well being of her family and the involvement of the church in the revolution bring Patria to form her new conclusion: “Amen to the revolution” (164). Patria wants a better life for her family and she now sees that the only way to achieve this is through the revolution; she must make a sudden change which is similar to the quick transition of a caterpillar to a butterfly. After some convincing, Patria is able to persuade her husband Pedrito to allow revolutionaries to meet in their backyard and eventually turn their home into a rebel control center. Patria evolves from an innocent bystander to a
Initially, Patria had always strongly believed in God which made her ignore the prejudices which occurred during Trujillo’s reign, for example people being killed by the dictator (53). Patria had a still born baby and the pain of losing a loved one made her relate to families who had lost their relatives due to Trujillo’s injustices (53). Suffering from the pain of her loss, made her lose faith which resulted in Patria’s beliefs evolving from a God centered view towards a people centered faith. The evolution of her faith is aided by her experience during the pilgrimage, when she heard Mary tell her to turn around her religious views towards needy people. This is because all her life she had been focusing on God and not serving
A woman’s self-worth and self-esteem are vital to experiencing happiness in a marriage. In addition, low self-esteem can cause a woman to feel abandoned because she is not getting enough emotional support from her husband. Cisneros demonstrates this through the character of Cleofilas in the story. For example, Cleofilas often reminds ...
In the Hymn to Demeter, the rape of Persephone starts with her picking flowers and she comes across the hundred headed narcissus which "Gaia made grow as a trick for the blushing maiden" (HHDem. 8-9). This trick is set into motion by Zeus, but since Gaia plays the role of protecting the youngest generation, this is a foreshadowing that Persephone's ordeal will be for a good cause. Hades moves in to take Persephone when the grounds gapes open and she begins to cry aloud. Demeter hears her daughters screams but she is powerless against Hades, hence the separation of distance between them. The grief stricken Demeter goes through an experience which plays out the role of a symbolic death. this is because the relationship between the mother and daughter ends at a wedding.
For the author, the fact that Perpetua is a woman strengthens her sacrifice for her faith. This is due to the societal norms and customs she disobeys and overcomes to become a martyr. In ancient Rome, they lived in a patriarchal society. This will make her disobedience of her father more noteworthy as it violates the cultural custom. In her writing, Perpetua talks of her father coming to her in the prison. She says “He came up to me to cast down my faith saying: Have pity, daughter, on my grey hairs; have pity on your father, if I am worthy to be called father by you” (The Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas 5). Multiple times, her father comes to her in prison, begging that she say she is not a Christian so she may live. Through this interaction with her father, we can see his fatherly love as he tries to prevent her death. We also see a sort of disgrace that comes from a daughter’s disobedience, she writes that her father says “give me not over to the reproach of men” (The Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas 5). This show of direct disobedience of her father portrays Perpetua as a stronger martyr. She is not only giving her life for her faith, but going against society and customs, saying her beliefs are more important than both. This is a strong example to encourage conversion to Christianity. When Perpetua is in prison, her father tells her to “look upon your son, who will not endure to live after you” (The Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas 5). This leads to another point concerning Perpetua as a woman. If she dies for her faith, she will abandon her child and give up being a mother. In ancient times, much of a women’s identity was in her ability to be a good mother. With her martyrdom, Perpetua will choose faith over this key part of her life and legacy. This, yet again, shows why, by being a woman, Perpetua is a strong example in the author’s purpose to convert
Often times in literature the body becomes a symbolic part of the story. The body may come to define the character, emphasize a certain motif of the story, or symbolize the author’s or society’s mindset. The representation of the body becomes significant for the story. In the representation of their body in the works of Marie de France’s lais “Lanval” and “Yonec,” the body is represented in opposing views. In “Lanval,” France clearly emphasizes the pure beauty of the body and the power the ideal beauty holds, which Lanval’s Fairy Queen portrays. In France’s “Yonec,” she diverts the reader’s attention from the image of the ideal body and emphasizes a body without a specific form and fluidity between the forms. “Yonec” focuses on a love not based on the body. Although the representations of the body contradict one another, France uses both representation to emphasize the private and, in a way, unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained by the human world. In both lais, the love shared between the protagonists is something that is required to be kept in private and goes beyond a single world into another world.
The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity The document, “The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity,” shows just how mighty and fearless the faith of the martyrs were in Rome around 203 A.D. in which our story takes place. During the rule of Diocletian, Christianity was not the religion of popular belief. Many of Romans practiced polytheism. As a result, numerous Christian believers were persecuted for their divine faith in God.
To the Vicario family, Angela’s virginity is more than a delicate flower that should only blossom to the right seed; it is a symbol of the family’s honor. As the youngest child and the last to be married, Angela must be protected at all costs so that the family’s honor is not shamed. Marriage is God’s approval for sex in the Roman Catholic religion; the only way for the family’s honor to not be shamed is if Angela marries a respectable man and has sex with this man. However, Angela loses her virginity prior to sex. Her virginity was taken unlawfully so the family’s honor was stolen in the process. The only way to redeem the family honor was to seek vengeance on the man that stole Angela’s virginity, Santiago Nasar.
Catholicism glorifies and represents mothers as the main foundation of the family through the example of the passive and unconditional loving Mary, the mother of Jesus Crist. This idea of the mother as unconditional lover beings has been passed on and reproduced in the Chicana/o community. Gil Cuadros and Reyna Grande through their autobiographical work testify against this predominate idea of the mothers being caring and loving persons. Even though most mothers fall into the norm of a normal mother, normality is subjective, therefore Cuadros and Grande’s work represent the complexities of reality. Grande’s The Distance Between Us and Cuadro’s City of God are autobiographical narratives that incorporate reality as a form of testimonial of existence, an act of healing and resilience. Given that these author’s life experiences can be
In a society in which social position was vital for having a successful family, the Greek and Roman families internally struggled with one another. This constant conflict stems from the father’s desire for control and the society’s high placement of power. In the Greek myth Demeter and Persephone, Zeus’s interest for his selfish gains prompts him to “ ( give ) Persephone to the Lord of Dead to become his queen “ ( Rosenberg Demeter 96). Zeus does not ask Persephone nor Demeter, his beloved wife, presenting that he does not show any opinions on their feelings. Although Zeus in reality just wanted to have a powerful family with the addition of Hades, his love for power overrode his love for his family and created a tension between the other members and him. In another Greek myth, Jason and the Golden Fleece, shows man’s love for supremacy through ...
It interesting to note the interchangeability of the word life (vita) and the Vitio, which is, translate above. Peter the Chanter uses the similarity of these two words throughout his poem to emphasize the fact that life of a sodomite life is corrupt. This deliberate play on word is reminiscent, and in some sentences it is impossible to tell whether Peter the Chanter talking about life or corruption.
Paul’s infatuation with Agnes seems to have caught his mother by complete surprise. Their seven years in the village seemed to only strengthen her belief that Paul was a great man worthy of the praise and admiration that others bestowed upon him. It seemed the perfect fit for both of them “for they were so happy in the little village that seemed to her the most beautiful in all the world, because her Paul was its saviour and its king” (Deledda 31). If not for the mother’s need to protect Paul, his affair with Agnes may have continued on longer. Her devotion to her son and to God could not go on silenced however. Paul’s feelings of guilt forced him to see his error and to quite seeing Agnes in order to serve only God. “He was a priest, he believed in God, he had wedded the church, and was vowed to chastity” (Deledda 57). His love toward Agnes did not dissipate however and he sought to find ways to forget about her.
“Today I appeal to the whole Church community to be willing to foster feminine participation in every way in its internal life. This is certainly not a new commitment, since it is inspired by the example of Christ himself….nevertheless, he also involved women in the cause of his kingdom; indeed he wanted them to be the first witnesses and heralds of his resurrection. In fact, there are many women who have distinguished themselves in the Church’s history by their holiness and hardworking ingenuity.”
The most attractive woman are found in books, posters, on tv, and on advertisement boards to send out the message of what an ideal woman should look like. No matter how much times goes by, there will always be that ideal woman that every man wants. Thus, we make sculptures and images to represent the kind of woman we want and what every woman should look like. Over the ages, there have been different sculptures formed of the perfect woman, such as overweight and short then transitioning to tall and thin. This paper will discuss one of the most ideal woman sculptures are the “Venus of Willendorf” and over the time the ideal woman transitioned to “Peplos Kore.” Also, it will be about these two sculptures have an significant turning point in social