Fair And Foul Is Fair Analysis

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Sami Weathersby
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Macbeth
“Fair is foul, and foul is fair”
People habitually present themselves to conceal their innermost thoughts and feelings. They hide true intentions behind facades meant to trick the outside world, consciously, subconsciously, or otherwise. The way circumstances appear frequently fluctuates from the honest truth. Thus, when three Witches appear in the opening scene of Macbeth and proclaim, “Fair is foul, and foul is fair” (1.1.12.), the situation parallels life, and Shakespeare introduces one of the most prominent themes in the piece. William Shakespeare’s Macbeth exemplifies the theme “Fair is foul, and foul is fair” through Lady Macbeth’s deceptive abilities, Macbeth’s deceitful relationship with Banquo, and Macbeth’s
The outwardly steadfast partnership, though, epitomizes circumstances appearing far from the truth. Banquo, while doubtful of the Witches’ prophecy, trusts Macbeth absolutely. Yet in an aside during the scene in which Shakespeare first introduces Macbeth and Banquo’s relationship, Macbeth utters “And nothing is but what is not” (1.3.246). Regardless, as Macbeth becomes excruciatingly over-confident, he withdraws from partnership with anyone bar his own ego and greedy ambition. Banquo displays no cognition of the personal betrayal he experiences until his last words, “O treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou mayst revenge -O slave!” (3.3.1202-1203), and even in his last moments Shakespeare leaves ambiguity in whether Banquo knew the treachery originated with Macbeth. After all, “Fair is foul, and foul is
Nevertheless his colleagues operate without complete understanding of his inner turmoil. Duncan articulates it himself, “There’s no art to find the mind’s construction in the face.” (1.4.279-280), but he fails to grasp the Macbeth’s truth. Even at the end of the play, when Macbeth appears nothing but a cold-blooded murderer, the outside world remains blind to his internal truth, including candid concern for his ailing wife, “Cure her of that. Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased, pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow, raze out the written troubles of the brain, and with some sweet oblivious antidote cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff which weighs upon her heart?” (5.3.2205-2211). Despite Macbeth’s slight, but nonetheless existent, humanity, Macduff and other characters understandably see Macbeth as a tyrant and nothing more, “Not in the legions of horrid hell can come a devil more damned in evils to top Macbeth.” (4.3.1820-1822). Clearly, Shakespeare repeats the seemingly endless chant of “Fair is foul, and foul is fair” through Macbeth’s steady

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