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Case of LIFO & FIFO
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Hi LaTonya,
Your discussion provides an excellent approach to LIFO and FIFO methods. During this week's review; we reviewed each method and discovered how they operate. Also, we were tasked to discuss our thoughts on if a company is better off if it switches from a LIFO method to a FIFO method. Initially, I thought LIFO would be the better move for a company. However, after continued research and further review, I would say a company would be better off changing to the FIFO method. Operating under this method comes with the good and bad depending on the sale of the goods. Take, for example, the cost of goods first purchases would have been less when the products were first bought, and as time went on price probably increased as more merchandise was purchased. Therefore, the cost of goods sold under FIFO will have a higher profit since the older items are sold first. Another plus is with restrictions which are less likely to be imposed under this method. What your thoughts on if a company is better off on LIFO or FIFO?
Hi Maurius,
Your discussion provides an impressive view of this week’s discussion on LIFO and FIFO methods. I appreciate your detail to great
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FIFO (first in first out method); is reported by taking the first purchases bought based on the number of units sold multiplied by the price unit. In this situation the items acquired first are cheaper and then the cost continues to rise for price per unit. Thus, the ending inventory is what is left over which has a higher cost of price per unit.
On the other hand, LIFO (last in, first out method); is reported by taking the last purchases bought based on the number of units sold multiplied by the price per unit. Furthermore, the items acquired last are more expensive and have a decrease in price per unit. Thus, the ending inventory has a lower value of left over since the cost of price per unit has decreased.
Lisa
EITF, 86-13 Discussion ?? option 28 requires inventory be written to lower of cost or market unless (1) substantial evidence exists that market prices will recover before the inventory is sold?Write down is generally required unless the decline is due to seasonal pricing fluctuation.?
As a retailer and a supplier, Sobeys has an extremely large balance in their inventory account. During 2015, the inventories are more than 50% of the total current assets, and 13% of the total assets. We will compare the inventory accounts of 100 randomly chosen locations out of the 258 locations, as well as the 3 Cash & Carry stores. The company’s main portion of the total inventories would be food related, and they have certain shelf lives. If the unsold inventories are sitting in the warehouse for too long, then the inventory will be unable to sell, and this brings risk to future revenues. So the company should monitor the entire food related inventory, and strictly follow the FIFO rule. We need to compare the average inventory on hand ratio to other competitors in the same industry to find out if the inventory control has serious issues. Also, inquire inventory evaluation at the warehouses and possibly observe a test count done by
2) Knowing the selling price of the item. And from the first two pieces of data Bean is then able to calculate the profit margin generated from each individual item. Thus, profit margin = selling price – cost of item also relates to the costs of under stocking. 3) Knowing the liquidation cost of an item to calculate the costs of overstocking. With these calculations, Bean can use these methods mentioned in Q1 to decide what the final amount of items to stock are. Furthermore, Bean will need to compare the costs associated with under stocking relative to the sum of under stocking plus overstocking inventory. However, the costs of under stocking should not only include short terms losses, i.e. loss of sale for that item at that time, but also the loss of future business due to customer dissatisfaction. Bean must also consider that if a particular item is not in stock that entire purchase order may be cancelled. Costs of overstocking should include costs to hold inventory and consider that these might change if the salvage value of a product leftover is depended upon the number of units remaining at the end of the season. If there is a lot of product leftover, then the liquidation value might decrease and items will be transferred to next
For many officer cadets at RMC the First Year Orientation Programme (FYOP), is often the greatest challenge they will face both in their lives at the college and in their military careers in general. For First Years, the challenge comes from having to function in a stressful environment marked by daily inspections, demanding physical activity, frequent punishments, and limited time to connect with loved ones through either phone calls or email. Meanwhile, for the third and fourth years in charge of them, the challenge comes from making sure that their assigned ‘flights’, which range in size from eighteen to twenty individuals, successfully learn, often through the use of strict discipline, the skills they will need to effectively integrate
Police are investigating the murder of a Point Fortin man whose body was found under his home this morning.
The Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program was created under the 1996 welfare reform law known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (Falk, 2014). TANF is funded by a $16.5 billion-per-year basic federal block grant. Each state is also required to contribute at least $10.4 billion under a maintenance-of-effort (MOE) requirement (Schott, 2012). TANF’s primary purpose is to fund a wide range of benefits and services for low-income families with children. These services include cash assistance, child care, and services for children who have been or are at risk of being abused or neglected
In the second year of business at Golf Challenge Corporation the company is struggling. The cost of their inventory is rising, and they are in grave danger of losing their bank loan (their prime source of financing) due to not meeting the required financial ratios agreed and set forth by the bank at the time the loan was given. The owner comes up with a solution, and figures that instead of using Last in-First out (LIFO) the company can use First in-First Out inventory cost system (FIFO) and meet their required financial ratios set forth by the bank. Ultimately, Golf Challenge Corporation should not submit documents to the bank using FIFO as opposed to their previous system LIFO in order to meet the bank requirements
It was the year 1987 when the Gartner Group popularized the form of full cost accounting named Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)(author, Gartner Total Cost of Ownership). Originally TCO was mainly used in the IT business sector. This changed in the 1980’s when it became clear to many organizations that there is a distinct difference between purchase price and full costs of a products ownership. This brings us towards the main strength of conducting a TCO analysis, besides taking the purchase costs into account, which consist of the amount a money an organization pays for the required service, product or capital outlay. It also considers 1. Acquisition costs; these can consist of sourcing, administration, freight, and taxes. 2. Usage costs, which consists of the costs associated with converting the given product or service into a finished product. And finally 3. End of life cycle costs; the costs or profits incurred when disposing of a product. TCO can be seen as a form of full cost accounting; it systematically collects and presents all the data for each proposed alternative.
Signode Industries Inc. - Providing Packaging Solutions Executive Summary SIGNODE INDUSTRY: DILEMMA AT HAND: Mr. Gary Reed, President of Signode Industries packaging division, is in a dilemma as what he should be his course of action to meet the 6.8% increase in price of cold rolled steel- the raw material used in manufacture of Signode’s primary product, steel strapping. There are few options given in the case: Increase Signode’s strapping prices to offset the increased price of cold – rolled steel. Maintain Signode’s current book prices as increasing prices would affect sales force morale. Introduce price-flex model as proposed by Jack Davis i.e. a kind of selective discounting or premium charging for customized services. Recommendations Reason: (All data in accordance to 1983) In accordance to Exhibit 1: Sales of Packaging Division of the company = $285,950 In accordance to Table A: Sales of Apex = 33.3% of $285,950 Sales of BBM = 26.8% of $285,950 Sales of HDM = 33.4% of $285,950 Sales of Customized Products = 6.5% of $285,950 In accordance to Exhibit 4: Similarly, For Apex: As it has a capacity utilization of 71% now, Suppose a sale is $100. Then contribution is $39.15 Therefore variable cost is $60.85. Now if we increase the capacity utilization to 100%, Sales becomes $ 141 since production increases by [(100-71)/71] * 100 = 41% Variable Cost = 141% of 60.85 = $85.8 Fixed Cost = 69.38% * 12.3 = $8.53 Total Cost = 85.8+8.53 = $94.33 EBIT = Sales – Variable cost – Fixed Cost = $46.67 % of EBIT = [(46.67/141) * 100] = 33.09% Suppose the company sales 100x units, the total cost was 69.38. Thus per unit cost was .6938. Now the company sells 141x units, the total cost...
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Activity-based costing is mostly used for internal decision making and managing activities while traditional costing method is used to provide data for external financial reports. Most organization uses activity-based costing as an addition system for using traditional absorption costing as sometimes the traditional cost system misleads the product’s profitability. In a company, there are many products on sale, if one product is sold at a high price with low product margin and a product with high product margin at a low price, it may result in a loss. In addition, due to the reason that cost drivers and enterprises business may change, activity-based costing analysis also needs to be revised periodically. This amendment should be prompted to change pricing, product, customer focus and market share strategy to improve corporate profitability.
In order for a retail company, like Zara to produce good sales results it is dependent on the level of stock on hand. If Zara has too much inventory in a given store it can slow the stores cash flow as well as reduce profit due to markdowns. Therefore, excellent inventory control is of high importance to Zara in order to realize sales targets. Studying the open-to-buy has allowed me to realize it’s tremendous importance as well as usefulness for a buyer. As one of the two major tools of merchandise planning, the open-to-buy plan is used by many retailers today as an inventory management tool, in order to determine the quantity of inventory that needs to be bought. This is generally done on a monthly basis in order to reach revenue projections.
The second way is to achieve low direct and indirect operating costs is gained by offering high volumes of standard products and offering basic no-frills products. Production costs are kept low by using less parts and using standard components. Limiting the number of models produced to ensure larger producti...
For example: if bhatbhateni’s inventory cost $20000 but in current scenario the cost has dropped to $16000, than the company records $16000 in its balance sheet and records $4000 difference amount as a loss in income statement. (accounting coach, 2016)
Customer order and decoupling point are what sets the inventory position in the production and tell them how they operate.
Organizations are established in specific ways to obtain different objectives, and the structure of an organization can help or restrain its advance toward accomplishing these goals. Organizations of different sized and types can achieve higher sales and other profit adequately by identifying their requirements with the structure they use to operate.