FDR The First Hundred Days

FDR The First Hundred Days

One of the most traumatic situations this country has ever experienced was the Great Depression. It was an extraordinary event for the people of this country because , unlike the previous events such as wars this country has experienced, it directly affected whole families, including women and children. Many families were living in conditions similar to what we see in third world countries today. These extraordinary times required an extraordinary leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was such a leader. While his New Deal policies were not the sole solution to the multitude of problems that this country faced, the first hundred days of his administration set in place the foundation that ultimately restored the economy, and more importantly, the faith of the people in the Federal Government.

Roosevelt inherited the situation from President Herbert Hoover. While it is hard to pinpoint the exact date that the depression started, the stock market crash of 1929 is the major signpost. In October of 1929, the New York Stock Exchange lost fifty billion dollars and the leading industrial stocks in the United States had lost forty percent of their value (Watkins 40). The ten years following the crash constitute the span of the Great Depression. While it is certain that it hit the poor and working class the hardest, its reach was felt throughout society and reached into all economic levels. Between the years of 1929 and 1932, the year Roosevelt was elected, the situation went from bad to worse.

Signs of collapse were everywhere. National unemployment approached 20 percent. Joblessness among black Americans was close to 50 percent. By 1932 overall manufacturing stood at a paltry 54 percent of what it had been in 1929. More specifically-and depressingly-the automobile industry was operating at only 20 percent of capacity in 1932, and steel at 12 percent.

Nor did banks escape the economic blows they had helped deliver to others. Although more than seven thousand financial institutions had gone under between 1920 and 1929 (providing evidence of underlying economic weakness well before the fateful October 1929 crash), more than nine thousand additional bank failures occurred in the three years between the stock market crash and the end of Hoover’s term as president in 1933. (Chalberg 21)

Reacting to the ineffective...

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...istance of the Government, to eliminate the duplication and waste that is now results in railroad receiverships and in continuing operating deficits” (Roosevelt).

With the exception of the Constitution and Bill of Rights, the first hundred days of Roosevelt’s administration saw the passing of more legislation that any other time in history. While not all of the policies stood up over the test of time, taken as a whole, they helped bring back the nation from disaster and, with the eventual help of World War II, restore the people and economy to prosperity and confidence.

Works Cited

Chalberg, John C. Introduction. The Great Depression: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994. 14-21.

Freidel, Frank. Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny. Boston: Little, 1990.

Leuchtenburg, William E. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. New York: Harper, 1963.

Roosevelt, Franklin D. Fireside Chat: Outlining the New Deal Program. Online. New Deal Network. Internet. 1 November 2000.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. The Coming of the New Deal. Boston: Houghton, 1959.

Watkins, Tom H. The Great Depression: America in the 1930s. Boston: Little, 1993.