2. Sulfur Extraction
Sulfur extraction is what industries use to extract sulfur that is to be used for applications within many processes. From this companies can use the sulfur to produce sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur trioxide to use in their processes. Industries use two methods because it is the most common as well as the most reliable way to recover sulfur from the earth. There are many ways to extract sulfur but the two most common ways are the Frasch process and the extraction through natural gas.
2.1. Overview of Sulfur
Sulfur is the 16th chemical element present on the periodic table of elements. Although the element is colorless, it appears as a yellow colored crystal shaped solid at room temperature. Sulfur is widely used around the world from medicine all the way to fertilizers. It serves a huge purpose in the world today as it is beneficial to many things such as crops in agriculture, fertilizers, medicine, cosmetics, rubber products, skin products, natural resources and most importantly in the oil and gas industry. It assists with many health benefits such as decreasing acne, in combination with alcohol it can be used to treat skin disorder. The human body itself is comprised of 0.25% sulfur. Figure 1 shows a visual representation of sulfur in its solid state at room temperature. [10]
Figure 1: Visual of Sulfur at room temperature [1]
2.2. Frasch Process
Previously mentioned there are two main ways of extracting sulfur; one being the Frasch process and the other being through natural gas. The Frasch process is the most common technique that industries use to extract sulfur. It is the safest, most reliable, and most accurate method to retrieve sulfur. The history behind the Frasch process goes ba...
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...aus method by reacting the hydrogen sulfide with air, called the thermal step. Then creating a reaction with sulfur dioxide produced from the thermal step to recover more sulfur, this is known as the catalytic step. From here the sulfur produced can be used for many real world applications: production of sulfuric acid, processing of sulfur in fertilizers, and sulfur-sodium batteries. Although there are plenty more
6. Conclusion (Continued) applications that sulfur can be used for the three mentioned in this report relate more to the oil and gas industry. Sulfur extraction is a very important process in the oil and gas industry as sulfur plays a big role in the world today ranging from health benefits, medicines, plants, cleaning agents, and explosives. It is good economically, cost effective, reliable, safe, and plays an important role in the production of sulfur.
The first step in the mechanism is preparing the positively charged NO2 from the HNO3 and H2SO4. This process occurs “in situ” meaning in the reaction mixture.
Sulfur is found in the cells of all living organisms and plays a critical role in the oxygenation and detoxification of all cells. It is one of the basic building blocks used throughout the body to make a variety of chemicals such as enzymes, collagen, amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and much more.
This process uses gases from the industrial exhaust which is let out into the atmosphere, which in turn makes profits out of pollution (NAIR & (IN), 2012).
Sulfur will burn, albeit very slowly. The addition of an oxidizer (such as KNO3) greatly
Note to environmentalists: The sulfuric acid was completely neutralized and properly discarded. Credits I would like to thank all the people who helped me with this project. I would especially like to thank my mother, for letting my go through an abundance of Baking Soda, Vinegar, and many of our other household items. I would like to thank my Father for helping me understand the science of this project, and my whole family for helping me do well. I'd also like to give credit to the following Brands of substances I used: Arm & Hammer Drano Revco Aspirin Mylanta Seaway And any other products I may have used along the way.
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) content in biogas determines its quality. Hydrogen sulfide concentration may exceed 0.2 % by volume in raw biogas, capable of causing damages ...
The physical properties of sulfur are a bright yellow powder. When it is burned you will see a clear blue flame and it has a strong odor. Sulfur has a melting point of 239.38 degrees Fahrenheit, a boiling point of 832.28 degrees Fahrenheit, and the density is 2.67 g/cm. Sulfur has sixteen electrons, protons, and neutrons. When sulfur reacts with the air it produces a gaseous dioxide. It does not react with water under normal circumstances. Sulfur reacts with halogens when it is heated. Sulfur makes up almost 3 percent of the Earth’s mass. At
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas which with a pungent odor. It will become liquid form when under pressure (heat) and will dissolves in water very fast or easily. The primary sources of sulfur dioxide are comes mainly from some activities such as burning of fossil fuel to provide electric power, process of making steel, coal-burning and others. However, it can also be released from the natural volcanic activity or volcanic eruption to the air. This gaseous can easily pose a threat to the living things such as human, animal and plant.
The sulfur dioxide in environment mainly mainly comes from the direct combustion of fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and so on. Meanwhile, the combustion of fossil fuels were the main sources of the sulfur dioxide in atmosphere. Generally speaking, the content of sulfur in cola was around 3%~5%. Unde the high temperature, most of the sulfur in fuels would be decomposed through being affected by the heat, and then the sulfur was oxidized to the sulfur dioxide, being released into the atmosphere. Based on data, billion of tones of fossil fuels were consumed in the world every year. These fossil fuels were burnt for electrical energy and heat thermal energy, but the sulfur content was oxidized to the sul...
The catalytic process occurs at lower temperature anf offers higher selectivity but requires frequent regeneration of the catalyst. Then, the products are cooled and introduced into a pair of separators which separate the unreacted hydrogen. The unreacted hydrogen is compressed and recycle back to the feed and reactor. The products that leaving the separators are heated before introduced into a distillation column which the toluene is separated from the stream and recycle back to the...
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
All different kinds of secondary products are discussed in these section such as particulate matter (section 2.3.1), Tar compound (section 2.3.2), Sulphur compound (2.2.4). Although not much literature is available, section 2.3.3 briefly introduces the importance of Alkaline, heavy metals and halides compounds as secondary products. It is worth mentioning that secondary products come out from the gasification process concentrations of which in the gas depend on the biomass composition and the technology used.
Coal accounts for most U.S. SO2 emissions and a large portion of NOx emissions. Sulfur is present in coal as an impurity, and it reacts with air when the coal is burned to form SO2. In contrast, NOx is formed when any fossil fuel is burned. There are several options for reducing SO2 emissions, including using coal containing less sulfur, washing the coal, and using devices called “scrubbers” to chemically remove the SO2 from the gases leaving the smokestack. Power plants can also switch fuels. Similar to scrubbers on power plants, catalytic converters reduce NOx emissions from cars. There are other sources of electricity besides fossil
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.
Coal was the main fuel of many industries in the early nineteenth century. Coal contains sulfur and when burning it, it will produce sulfur dioxide. When in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide may be converted to sulfuric acid (Pringle 8). Acid rain is dispensed across the world by air currents. When attempting to fix local air pollution problems, the solutions actually added to acid rain problems on other parts of the world. High smoke stakes were developed to distribute pollutant acid-laden smoke higher in the atmosphere and spread it elsewhere (Merki 598). This was a quick remedy to a local problem, but harmed other parts of the world. Acid rain is a global problem because it more often than not, spreads over national borders instead of staying in a local spot.