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When people are exposed to fear, they will tend to make things up or create false ideas. Fear can cause people to do things that they would not normally do to survive. Some people do say fear does not breed superstition; however, without fear, superstition would not be. Fear breaks superstition; superstition breeds fear can be supported by the puritans ideology, religious beliefs, and their theory of the Devil is everywhere.
Individuals that are filled with fear can create false assumptions; therefore, connected to Abigail's actions in the story. Abigail would use her fear to manipulate people and spark the idea of witches in salem. She threatens her friends to keep their mouth shut and she says “I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you” (Miller 13). Abigail convinces her friends that if they speak any word of what they did in the woods, she would come in the night to kill them. She also uses her fear to create superstition while being questioned in court. She begins to scream and shout about a yellow bird on the rafters. She convinces all the others girls that they are possessed by Mary Warren which lead to the exposure of John Proctor. People that are filled with fear will often develop
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that idea of superstition. The puritans fear sparked superstition with their belief of the devil is everywhere.
Mrs. Putnam is a prime example of their ideology. Goody Putnam lost 8 children and only one survived; her name is Ruth. Putnam sent her only child to go into the woods to talk to Tituba and see if they can talk to the dead children. Putnam says ‘may surely tell us what person murdered my babies!” (Miller 12). Mrs. Putnam is willing to risk her daughter's life by sending her to the wood just to try and talk to her dead children. She believes that that are witches in Salem; even though, in the sixteenth century, death at childbirth was a common phenomenon. The puritan belief of “the devil is everywhere” fills them with fear which sparks that development of the salem witch
trials. The puritans have mundane religious beliefs where witchcraft is the devil's work. John Hale is introduced when he is called from Beverly, and invited to Salem to prove if the town is in danger of witches. When he comes to Salem, he is easily gullible which leads him to make false choices. He soon suspects the Proctors of witchcraft when he goes to their house and talks to them about the commandments and not going to church. “I note that you are rarely in the Church on Sabbath Day” (Miller 33). He is so convinced that there are witches, that he doesn't find out till later in the story, that the girls are actually lying and making false accusation. At the point it is too late and people are dead for no reason. Puritans believe that the Devil is everywhere and when something goes wrong, they jump to the conclusion of devil work. When people are bare to fear, they will construct false facts or ideas to cope with it. Fear can cause people to do things that are abnormal. Some people do say fear does not breed superstition; even though, with thoughts of superstition, there will always be fear. Fear breeds superstition; superstition breeds fear can be supported by the religious beliefs their theory of the Devil is everywhere, and their puritan ideology,
(80). Mary demonstrates her fear of Abigail by the fact that she thinks Abigail could actually kill her. Mary Warren’s last lie and most consequential is when she gets fed up with the torture and pressure that Abigail puts on her when Abigail is trying to convict her of murder. Once Mary Warren can no longer handle the pressure she says, “He [John Proctor] wake [her] every night his eyes… like coals and his fingers claw[ing]
Abigail Williams is accused of witchcraft early on. In order to avoid conviction she confesses to witchcraft, accuses Tituba of forcing her to drink blood and do witchcraft, and accuses Elizabeth Proctor, Sarah Good, Goody Osburn, Bridget Bishop, Goody Sibber, Goody Hawkins, Goody Booth, and countless other innocent people in court. She throws herself down in the court and does other dramatic actions in order to convince the court that a person is in fact a witch. This leads to people being falsely accused of witchcraft and forced to accuse others in order to live. Because of Abigail's growing power in the court, people become fearful of her. One of the most important people who begins to fear her is Elizabeth Proctor. Elizabeth is afraid that Abigail will accuse her of witchcraft. She also gives more insight into Abigail's behavior in court. She states that Abigail will “scream and howl and fall to the floor” when the accused are brought forth (50). The people and the court begin to believe that Abigail can see who the witches are. Her words and actions become the deciding factors in a defendants fate.
Mary realizes that what Abigail is doing is wrong and she’s the only one who can put a stop to it. Abigail’s frustration grew as Mary announced to the court that, “She [Abigail] sees nothin’!” (121) and tried to accuse her of murder. Abigail saw Mary’s confidence building up as Mary kept denying using witchcraft after she repeatedly accused Abby of it. Transition here Abigail screaming at the “bird” on the ceiling because she thought it was Mary, Mary supposedly sent to attack her as Danforth asks Mary, “Have you compacted with the Devil? Have you?”(121) and Mary replies with, “Never, Never” (121). Mary Warren knows that if she does not admit to using witchcraft she could be hung, but she knows she must put an end to Abby’s manipulation. Earlier in the novel, Mary was too intimidated by Abigail and would never have had the courage to accuse Abby of lying about the events in the woods. To successfully accuse Abby, Mary had to admit that, “I never saw no spirits” (112) which put her own life in danger as well. Until accusing Abby of witchcraft and murder in the court with John Proctor, Mary Warren had no confidence in herself and did what everyone else wanted her to do. At the end of the play, Mary made decisions for herself and wasn’t afraid to go against what everyone else was doing.
In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, the main character Abigail Williams is to blame for the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Abigail is a mean and vindictive person who always wants her way, no matter who she hurts. Through out the play her accusations and lies cause many people pain and suffering, but she seemed to never care for any of them except John Proctor, whom she had an affair with seven months prior to the beginning of the play. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth used to employ Abigail, until Elizabeth found out the affair and threw Abigail out. Although John told Abigail that the affair was over and he would never touch her again, she tried desperately to rekindle their romance. "Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I'll ever reach for you again." (Page 23) She claimed that she loved John and that he loved her. Before the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse. She thought that if Elizabeth were dead John would marry her. Further into the play, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. She saw Marry Warren, the Proctor's servant, making a poppet. Mary put a needle into the doll, and Abigail used that for her accusation. She stabbed herself with a needle and claimed that Elizabeth's soul had done it. Although Abigail claimed she loved John, she may have just loved the care and attention he gave her. John cared for her like no one else had. In a way he could be described as somewhat of a father figure to her. When Abigail was just a child, she witnessed her parents' brutal murders. "I saw Indians smash my dear parent's heads on the pillow next to mine..." (page 20) After her traumatic experience, she was raised by her uncle, Reverend Parris, who is somewhat of a villain. In the play it was written, "He (Parris) was a widower with no interest in children, or talent with them." (Page 3) Parris regarded children as young adults who should be "thankful for being permitted to walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouths shut until bidden to speak." (Page 4) Therefore, it is obvious to see that Abigail grew up without any love or nurturing.
...nce using fear, Abigail successfully protects herself from any type of damage on her reputation by manipulating the court to believing that there is actually a spirit in the court room.
Thomas Putnam is behind the accusations toward many people. 'Did you ever see Sarah Good with him,'; he questions Tituba, 'or Osburn?';(46). With fear and panic, Tituba confesses she sees the Devil with them. Sarah Good and Osburn are insignificant in Salem. They certainly don't satisfy Putnam's fastidious demand, so he moves on to the next victim and eventually accuses Rebecca Nurse. 'For murder, she's charged! For the marvelous and supernatural murder of Goody Putnam's babies';(71). Putnam truly stands out of the crowd this time. He is perhaps the only person corrupt enough to accuse Rebecca. Last but not to the least he manipulated his daughter to accuse George Jacobs. Does Putnam simply wants to killed the witches and save the children? No, there is something bigger he is after.
It was easier for them to blame the devil for the problems of society than fix the problems of their own strict way of life. So the girls involved with Abigail, like Mercy Lewis and Mary Warren, named many people in the town as witches. These people were put in jail and would be hanged if they did not confess to the crime of devil worship or witchcraft. Another part of the developing plot is that John Proctor knows Abigail and her friends are lying, but he is afraid to say anything because eight months before he had an affair with Abigail and did not want to be seen by the town as a lecher, which means wife cheater. So, Mr. Proctor has to fight with himself to come out and tell the truth, or his wife might die because of Abigail saying she was a witch.
Abigail is wicked and confident and is not afraid to take control of situations. This is shown when she is with Parris, Abigail is respectful on the surface but she hides her resentment and disrespect. She talks back to defend her name and in Act One, she suggests to Parris," Uncle, the rumour of witchcraft is all about; I think you'd best go down and deny it yourself." She is also aggressive and forceful, the other girls are afraid of her. When Mary Warren suggested that they should confess to dancing in the woods. Abigail threatens them,."..I have seen some reddish work done at night and i can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!"
Superstitions affected the everyday lives of those living in the Elizabethan Era. Many people were afraid to leave their homes or go anywhere in fear of coming into contact with something dark or evil. One reason people were so afraid of so much was because many people were not very educated and did not have any way to understand what was going on during those times meaning they could not explain why farmers would have bad crop years, or what the cause of the bubonic plague was. These superstitions were not just recognized and thought about by peasants and the poorer classes, it was said that even the Queen believed in superstitions, as well as some scientists, astronomers, and doctors. Many of these superstitions did not originate during the
Abigail’s struggles come from many of her personal desires that are forbidden in her society, causing her to lie. However, this also creates further social problems, such as the initiation of the witch trials. After Betty is stuck in a coma, Reverend Parris questions Abigail about the night in the woods, because he is suspicious and she denies that it had anything to do with witchcraft. Abigail replies to Parris saying, “ We never conjured spirits” (24). Abigail lies to Parris, denies the statement that witchcraft ever occurred, and says that all they did was danced. Witchcraft and dancing both are sins in the society, and she knows that her reputation is at stake and finds the need to lie to look innocent. Parris wants to be sure and calls Reverend Hale to look further into the issue. Once Reverend Hale comes into town, he questions Abigail about the night, and she once again denies everything he asks her. Abigail is being questioned by Hale, and once Tituba enters she screams, “ She made me do it! She made Betty do it! She makes me drink blood!” (45). Abigail denies every...
Jealousy also played a big role in who was to blame for the deaths in Salem. The Putnams were a small family, whose seven children out of eight did not survive. Mrs. Putnam was a very jealous person when it came to families, and Mr. Putnam was a very jealous person when it came to land. Goody Putnam wanted more children and was jealous of Rebecca Nurse and her large family, so she blamed her for witchcraft.
about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you” (Abigail p. 20). Abigail is fearful that the people in Salem will learn the truth about what she has done. She doesn’t want the truth to come out, “blackening” her name, and she threatens those who were with her, telling them she will kill them if they tell. The girls are terrified for their lives so they follow Abigail’s lead. In the play every person has fears, leading them to lie and then the truth stays hidden. The counsel was panicky, feeling that if Abigail and the girls had lied, then the counsel had hanged innocent people and would be discredited. In the beginning of the play the counsel was blinded by fear that witches were real. It closed the character’s eyes to the fact that the girls were being untruthful. In distress the counsel decided to encourage a man named John Proctor to confess to witchcraft in order to avoid hanging. They hoped to save John Proctor, but still save the reputation of the counsel. John Proctor refused to lie and another innocent life was lost to fear. The actions of many of the characters were controlled by their fear of what others might think of them or what terrifying things could happen to
In the words of Bertrand Russell, “Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom” (Russell). Fear causes many problems in our lives. Fear influences many of a person’s actions and decisions. However, people usually regret the decisions or actions they made out of fear. Also, these actions and decisions can cause problems for those people in their future. Fear is a harmful emotion, for it clouds people’s judgement, disables them from taking action, and causes them to make decisions that they will regret later.
Proof: Rebecca Nurse death - Hale: “I have this morning signed away the soul of Rebecca Nurse, Your Honor. I’ll not conceal it, my hand shakes yet as with a wound!”(104)
Theocracy, which was the way that the town of Salem was run, was another part of the problem caused by the witch trials. Theocracy is the melding of church and state, which in Salem caused the problems with all the killings. People who wanted things like Putnam, and were a part of the theoretical process could have the power of life or death over people. In Puritan society, everything had its place, from people who were in charge of the slaves that they owned, everyone had to follow a certain set of principles set out by their religion. Everyone had to go to church, nobody was allowed to work on the lord’s day, which is Sunday, everyone had to know the commandments and read the bible to just name a few of their many rules. In the play, people were looked down on if they did not adhere to the rules and could even be excommunicated if they were a